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Eckstein F, Wirth W, Putz R. Sexual dimorphism in articular tissue anatomy - Key to understanding sex differences in osteoarthritis? Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2024; 32:1019-1031. [PMID: 38871022 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2024.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoarthritis (OA) prevalence and incidence varies between women and men, but it is unknown whether this follows sex-specific differences in systemic factors (e.g. hormones) and/or differences in pre-morbid joint anatomy. We recognize that classifications of sex within humans cannot be reduced to female/male, but given the lack of literature on non-binary individuals, this review is limited to the sexual dimorphism of articular morphotypes. METHODS Based on a Pubmed search using relevant terms, and input from experts, we selected articles based on the authors' judgment of their relevance, interest, originality, and scientific quality; no "hard" bibliometric measures were used to evaluate their quality or importance. Focus was on clinical rather than pre-clinical studies, with most (imaging) data being available for the knee joint. RESULTS After introducing "sexual dimorphism", the specific literature on articular morphotypes is reviewed, structured by: radiographic joint space width (JSW), meniscus, ligaments, articular cartilage morphology, articular cartilage composition and deformation, and articular tissue response to treatment. CONCLUSIONS Sex-specific differences were clearly observed for JSW, meniscus damage, ligament size, and cartilage morphometry (volume, thickness, and surface areas) but not for cartilage composition. Ligament and cartilage measures were smaller in women even after matching for confounders. Taken together, the findings indicate that female (knee) joints may be structurally more vulnerable and at greater risk of OA. The "one size/sex fits all" approach must be abandoned in OA research, and all observational and interventional studies should report their results for sex-specific strata, at least in pre-specified secondary or post-hoc analyses.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Female
- Male
- Cartilage, Articular/pathology
- Cartilage, Articular/diagnostic imaging
- Sex Characteristics
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/diagnostic imaging
- Osteoarthritis, Knee/pathology
- Knee Joint/diagnostic imaging
- Knee Joint/pathology
- Sex Factors
- Osteoarthritis/diagnostic imaging
- Osteoarthritis/pathology
- Menisci, Tibial/diagnostic imaging
- Menisci, Tibial/pathology
- Menisci, Tibial/anatomy & histology
- Radiography
- Ligaments, Articular/anatomy & histology
- Ligaments, Articular/pathology
- Ligaments, Articular/diagnostic imaging
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Eckstein
- Research Program for Musculoskeletal Imaging, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation (LBIAR), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Chondrometrics GmbH, Freilassing, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Wirth
- Research Program for Musculoskeletal Imaging, Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Arthritis and Rehabilitation (LBIAR), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria; Chondrometrics GmbH, Freilassing, Germany
| | - Reinhard Putz
- Anatomische Anstalt, Ludwig Maximilians Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Ichiba A, Ito E, Kino K. Extrusion of the anterior segment of the medial meniscus extrusion initiates knee osteoarthritis: evaluation using magnetic resonance imaging. J Exp Orthop 2023; 10:135. [PMID: 38091190 PMCID: PMC10719179 DOI: 10.1186/s40634-023-00693-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Meniscus extrusion contributes to the progression of knee osteoarthritis (OA). It is not clear which site of the medial meniscus (MM) extrusion (MME) is greatest. Moreover, the relationship between sites of MME and progression of OA has not yet been elucidated. The purpose of this study was to determine which sites of MME that showed the greatest extrusion and to investigate the relationship between the presence of MM tears and MME, the relationship between the progression of OA and MME. METHODS A cohort of 111 patients were studied retrospectively. The OA grade was classified using the Kellgren-Lawrence (K-L) grade. MME was measured at 13 positions from the anterior to the posterior segment using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with slices perpendicular to the MM (radial MRI). The relationship between the K-L grade and the site of the MME was investigated. The patients were grouped as follows: The patients over 40-years-old were grouped as follows: patients with the K-L grade ≤1 and without a MM tear (Group En (early, no meniscus tear)); patients with the K-L grade ≤1 with a MM tear (Group Ep (early, positive meniscus tear)); patients with the K-L grade ≥2 and without a MM tear (Group An (advanced, no meniscal tear)); patients over-40 years-old with the K-L grade ≥2 and with a MM tear (Group Ap (advanced, positive meniscus tear)). And patients between 15 and 39-years-old with no abnormal findings on MRI were defined as control group (Group C). RESULTS In the Groups En and Ep, MME was greatest in the anterior segment, and was greater in Group Ep than in Group En. In Groups Ap and Group C, extrusion was greatest in the middle segment. CONCLUSION The results suggest that MME predominantly occurred in the anterior segment with increasing age, after that, MM extruded at the middle segment with progression of OA and MM tear. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Ichiba
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinkawabata Hospital, 2-31-1, Ichimonbashi, Nagaokakyo city, Kyoto, 617-0825, Japan.
| | - Eichi Ito
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinkawabata Hospital, 2-31-1, Ichimonbashi, Nagaokakyo city, Kyoto, 617-0825, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Kino
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shinkawabata Hospital, 2-31-1, Ichimonbashi, Nagaokakyo city, Kyoto, 617-0825, Japan
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Barreira F, Gomes E, Oliveira S, Valente C, Bastos R, Sánchez M, Andrade R, Espregueira-Mendes J. Meniscal extrusion in knees with and without osteoarticular pathology: A systematic review of normative values and cut-offs for diagnostic criteria. Knee 2023; 45:156-167. [PMID: 37925806 DOI: 10.1016/j.knee.2023.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meniscus extrusion is crucial for the diagnosis and treatment of meniscal injury, but the literature on this topic has not yet been systematized. The purpose of this systematic review was to compare diagnostic methods and summarize the data of medial and lateral meniscal extrusion in knees with and without osteoarticular pathology. METHODS This systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA 2020 statement. Searches were conducted on PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane databases to identify studies that measured meniscal extrusion using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or ultrasound (US). Meniscal extrusion data was summarized as weighted mean for medial and lateral meniscus, and stratified according to the method of measurement (MRI or US) and presence of knee osteoarticular pathology. RESULTS A total of 26 studies were included in this review. Weighted mean values of meniscal extrusion were always higher for the medial than the lateral meniscus, regardless of the method of measurement. The medial meniscus extrusion was always higher in knees with osteoarticular pathology than those without. For the lateral meniscus extrusion, the mean values were higher in those knees without osteoarticular pathology. When classifying pathological meniscal extrusion with pre-defined cut-off values, the higher the cut-off used, the lower the percentage of knees classified as pathological meniscal extrusion. CONCLUSIONS The medial meniscus presents on mean higher extrusion and extrusion is higher in knees with osteoarticular pathology. Based on summary data, the most suitable cut-offs for pathological meniscal extrusion for both MRI and US seem to fall within >2 and >3 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eluana Gomes
- Clínica Espregueira - FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Oliveira
- Center for MicroElectroMechanical Systems (CMEMS UMINHO), University of Minho, Azurém Campus, 4800-058 Guimarães, Portugal; LABBELS - Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Cristina Valente
- Clínica Espregueira - FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Porto, Portugal; Dom Henrique Research Centre, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Bastos
- Clínica Espregueira - FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Porto, Portugal; Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mikel Sánchez
- Advanced Biological Therapy Unit, Hospital Vithas Vitoria, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain; Arthroscopic Surgery Unit, Hospital Vithas Vitoria, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Renato Andrade
- Clínica Espregueira - FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Porto, Portugal; Dom Henrique Research Centre, Porto, Portugal; Porto Biomechanics Laboratory (LABIOMEP), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Espregueira-Mendes
- School of Medicine, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal; Clínica Espregueira - FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Porto, Portugal; Dom Henrique Research Centre, Porto, Portugal; ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; 3B's Research Group Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal.
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Adili A, Kaneko H, Aoki T, Liu L, Negishi Y, Tomura J, Wakana S, Momoeda M, Arita H, Hada S, Shiozawa J, Kubota M, Someya Y, Tamura Y, Aoki S, Watada H, Kawamori R, Negishi-Koga T, Okada Y, Ishijima M. Anterior meniscus extrusion is associated with anterior tibial osteophyte width in knee osteoarthritis - The Bunkyo Health Study. OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE OPEN 2023; 5:100364. [PMID: 37207278 PMCID: PMC10189494 DOI: 10.1016/j.ocarto.2023.100364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In knee osteoarthritis (OA), medial meniscus extrudes both medially and anteriorly. We reported that full-length width of medial tibial osteophyte, which comprises cartilage and bone parts, is directly associated with medial meniscus extrusion in early-stage knee OA and hypothesized that anterior tibial osteophyte (ATO) is also associated with anterior meniscus extrusion (AME). Thus, we aimed to examine their prevalence and relationship. Methods Elderly subjects (638 females and 507 males; average 72.9 years old) in the Bunkyo Health Study cohort were enrolled. MRI-detected OA changes were evaluated according to the Whole Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score. ATO was evaluated using the method which can assess both cartilage and bone parts of osteophyte by pseudo-coloring images of proton density-weighted fat-suppressed MRI. Results Most subjects showed the Kellgren-Lawrence grade 1/2 of the medial knee OA (88.1%), AME (94.3%, 3.7 ± 2.2 mm), and ATO (99.6%, 4.2 ± 1.5 mm). Among the OA changes, AME was most closely associated with full-length width of ATO (multivariable β = 0.877, p < 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for determining the presence of AME as evaluated by ATO width was 0.75 (95% confidence interval 0.60-0.84, p < 0.001). The odds ratio for the presence of AME as evaluated by ATO width at 2.9 mm was 7.16 (4.23-12.15, p < 0.001, age, gender, BMI, and K-L adjusted). Conclusions AME and ATO were inevitably observed in the elderly subjects and AME was closely associated with full-length width of ATO. Our study provides the first evidence on the close relationship between AME and ATO in knee OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arepati Adili
- Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Haruka Kaneko
- Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Corresponding author. Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan. Fax: +81 3 3813 3428.
| | - Takako Aoki
- Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Lizu Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Negishi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Tomura
- Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Suguru Wakana
- Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Momoeda
- Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Arita
- Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Hada
- Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Shiozawa
- Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pathophysiology for Locomotive Diseases, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Kubota
- Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Community Medicine and Research for Bone and Joint Diseases, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Someya
- Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Tamura
- Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeki Aoki
- Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Watada
- Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryuzo Kawamori
- Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takako Negishi-Koga
- Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Community Medicine and Research for Bone and Joint Diseases, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasunori Okada
- Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pathophysiology for Locomotive Diseases, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Muneaki Ishijima
- Department of Orthopaedics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Pathophysiology for Locomotive Diseases, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Community Medicine and Research for Bone and Joint Diseases, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Corresponding author. Department of Medicine for Orthopaedics and Motor Organ, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan. Fax: +81 3 3813 3428.
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Uchida R, Horibe S, Tanaka Y, Tsujii A, Tachibana Y, Kinugasa K, Shino K. Clinical outcomes after repair of an isolated radial tear in the middle segment of the lateral meniscus - All-inside suture repair vs trans-capsular suture repair. Asia Pac J Sports Med Arthrosc Rehabil Technol 2023; 33:25-31. [PMID: 37680194 PMCID: PMC10480070 DOI: 10.1016/j.asmart.2023.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/objective For radial tears, all-inside suture (AIS) repair was clearly biomechanically superior, compared to conventional trans-capsular suture (TCS) repairs. However, clinical comparative studies of these two repairs techniques have not to be performed. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes after AIS repair and TCS repairs for isolated radial tear at middle segment of lateral meniscus (RTMLM) in stable knees of young athletes. Methods Twenty-six athletes (mean age, 19.1 years) underwent AIS repair with the double horizontal suture technique, using SutureLasso™ (Arthrex, Naples, FL) for isolated RTMLM (AIS group), and 20 athletes (mean age, 19.0 years) underwent inside-out repair, one of TCS repairs, with tie-grip suture technique (TCS group). All athletes were assessed for preoperative and two-year postoperative Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS). At six-month after repair, the lateral meniscal extrusion on mid-coronal plane on MRI and healing status on second-look arthroscopy were also evaluated in all patients. Results In both groups, KOOS improved to either good or excellent postoperatively, while complete healing was found in only 23 and 25% at second-look arthroscopy. We identified no group-dependent differences in KOOS or healing status on arthroscopy. However, a close examination of failure rates revealed significant lower rates in AIS group relative to that of TCS group (p = 0.048). Moreover, the change from preoperative to postoperative lateral meniscal extrusion in AIS group was significantly smaller than that in TCS group (p = 0.038). Conclusions AIS and TCS repairs for RTMLM were comparable in providing satisfactory clinical results with low rates of complete healing on arthroscopy. However, AIS repair could have lower failure rate of healing on arthroscopy and minimize postoperative lateral meniscal extrusion more effectively than TCS repair on MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Uchida
- Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Kansai Rosai Hospital, Amagasaki, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Seifu Hospital, Sakai, Japan
| | - Shuji Horibe
- Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Seifu Hospital, Sakai, Japan
| | - Yoshinari Tanaka
- Department of Nutrition, Graduate School of Human Life and Ecology, Osaka Metropolitan University, Habikino, Japan
| | - Akira Tsujii
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Suita, Japan
| | - Yuta Tachibana
- Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Osaka Rosai Hospital, Sakai, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Kinugasa
- Department of Orthopaedic Sports Medicine, Osaka Rosai Hospital, Sakai, Japan
| | - Konsei Shino
- Sports Orthopaedic Center, Yukioka Hospital, Osaka, Japan
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Langhans MT, Lamba A, Saris DBF, Smith P, Krych AJ. Meniscal Extrusion: Diagnosis, Etiology, and Treatment Options. Curr Rev Musculoskelet Med 2023:10.1007/s12178-023-09840-4. [PMID: 37191818 DOI: 10.1007/s12178-023-09840-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The concept of meniscal extrusion has recently been recognized as a hallmark of meniscus dysfunction. This review examines contemporary literature regarding the pathophysiology, classification, diagnosis, treatment, and future directions for investigation regarding meniscus extrusion. RECENT FINDINGS Meniscus extrusion, defined as >3 mm of radial displacement of the meniscus, leads to altered knee biomechanics and accelerated knee joint degeneration. Meniscus extrusion has been associated with degenerative joint disease, posterior root and radial meniscal tears, and acute trauma. Meniscus centralization and meniscotibial ligament repair have been proposed as techniques to address meniscal extrusion with promising biomechanical, animal model, and early clinical reports. Further studies on the epidemiology of meniscus extrusion and associated long-term nonoperative outcomes will help to elucidate its role in meniscus dysfunction and resultant arthritic development. Understanding and appreciation for the anatomic attachments of the meniscus will help to inform future repair techniques. Long-term reporting on the clinical outcomes of meniscus centralization techniques will yield insights into the clinical significance of meniscus extrusion correction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark T Langhans
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Abhinav Lamba
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Daniel B F Saris
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | | | - Aaron J Krych
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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Kaiser JT, Damodar D, Udine MJ, Meeker ZD, McCormick JR, Wagner KR, Krych AJ, Chahla JA, Cole BJ. Meniscal Extrusion: A Critical Analysis Review. JBJS Rev 2022; 10:01874474-202208000-00001. [PMID: 35922395 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.rvw.22.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
➢ Pathologic meniscal extrusion can compromise meniscal function, leading to increased contact forces in the tibiofemoral compartment and the acceleration of osteoarthritic changes. ➢ Extrusion is typically defined as radial displacement of ≥3 mm outside the tibial border and is best diagnosed via magnetic resonance imaging, although ultrasonography has also demonstrated encouraging diagnostic utility. ➢ Surgical management of meniscal extrusion is based on the underlying etiology, the patient's symptom profile, the preexisting health of the articular surface, and the risk of future chondral injury and osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua T Kaiser
- Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Dhanur Damodar
- Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Matthew J Udine
- University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Zachary D Meeker
- Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Kyle R Wagner
- Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Aaron J Krych
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jorge A Chahla
- Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Brian J Cole
- Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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The lateral meniscal extrusion after repair with concomitant anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction at a mean follow-up of 3.5 years. J Orthop Sci 2022; 27:804-809. [PMID: 34030939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jos.2021.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A meniscal repair is often performed on radial/flap or longitudinal tears of the lateral meniscus (LM) combined with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). However, it is unknown if meniscal extrusion changes over time after repair. This study evaluated whether meniscal extrusion of the LM is maintained after repair or progresses with time using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS Among 574 patients who underwent primary anatomic ACLR, 123 patients followed up for more than 2 years were retrospectively analyzed. Forty patients with concomitant radial/flap tears of the LM (group R), 43 with longitudinal LM tears (group L), and 40 with intact LM (group C, matched-control group) were included. Clinical findings (pain, range of motion, swelling, and anterior laxity), lateral joint space on radiograph, and meniscal extrusion on MRI were assessed. Lateral/posterior meniscal extrusions were examined preoperatively, within 3 weeks after surgery, and at the final follow-up, and the absolute values and relative values (the preoperative values as baseline) were assessed respectively. RESULTS There were no significant differences in the clinical and roentgenographic findings among the groups. No difference was observed in the relative values within 3 weeks after surgery among three groups, although the absolute values were larger in the repaired groups than in group C. At the final follow-up, however, the lateral extrusion in group L had progressed significantly, compared with that in group C (P = 0.033), while no significant difference was detected in the lateral extrusion between groups R and C (P = 0.177). The posterior extrusion in groups R and L had progressed significantly compared with that in group C (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS LM extrusion could not be improved even immediately after meniscal repair, and it progressed laterally and posteriorly for more than 2 years after surgery.
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Extrusion, meniscal signal change, loss of shape, synovitis and bone marrow oedema are reliable scoring parameters to assess MRI appearance post meniscal transplant. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2022; 30:1527-1534. [PMID: 34459933 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-021-06720-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Meniscal allograft transplantation (MAT) has shown good promise in restoring normal knee joint biomechanics in a meniscal deficient patient. However, MRI appearance of the meniscal allograft is often questioned and raises concerns of its viability and function. This paper aims to introduce and validate a new scoring system for MAT MRI appearance at 12 months [MRI appearance in Meniscal Transplant Score (MIMS)], using key changes such as extrusion, meniscal signal change, loss of shape, synovitis and bone marrow oedema. METHODS A retrospective analysis of 10 patients from a single surgeon series was conducted. All MAT were performed with soft tissue fixation technique. MRI was performed at 12 months post-transplant with two independent consultant musculoskeletal radiologists and one experienced meniscal transplant surgeon scoring the images obtained. Interobserver agreement and intraclass correlation were measured. RESULTS Interobserver agreement between examiners on individual features of the MIMS was superior for tibial bone oedema, substantial for meniscal extrusion and femoral bone oedema, moderate for meniscal shape and synovitis, and fair for meniscal signal changes. Absolute agreement between raters found good reliability (ICC = 0.774; 95% 0.359, 0.960) for single measures and excellent reliability (ICC = 0.911; 95% 0.627, 0.986) for average measures. CONCLUSION MIMS is a reliable method of evaluating the meniscal allograft transplant 12 months post-transplant. Further research with larger MAT cohort groups and patient reported outcome measures may be helpful to correlate its clinical significance and guide further management. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III.
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10
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Novaretti JV, Astur DC, Cavalcante ELB, Kaleka CC, Amaro JT, Cohen M. Preoperative Meniscal Extrusion Predicts Unsatisfactory Clinical Outcomes and Progression of Osteoarthritis after Isolated Partial Medial Meniscectomy: A 5-Year Follow-Up Study. J Knee Surg 2022; 35:393-400. [PMID: 32838459 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1715109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the association between preoperative meniscal extrusion of patients undergoing partial medial meniscectomy with clinical outcomes and progression of osteoarthritis and to determine the extent of meniscal extrusion associated with unsatisfactory clinical outcomes and progression of osteoarthritis. Ninety-five patients who underwent partial medial meniscectomy with a minimum follow-up of 5 years were retrospectively reviewed. Preoperative meniscal extrusion was evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging. Patients were assessed preoperatively and postoperatively with Lysholm and International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective scores for clinical outcomes and with IKDC radiographic scale for osteoarthritis. An ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) was used to analyze the variations in meniscal extrusion and the clinical and radiological outcomes. A regression analysis was performed to identify factors that affect preoperative medial meniscus extrusion and that influence results after partial meniscectomy. An optimal cutoff value for meniscal extrusion associated with unsatisfactory clinical outcomes and progression of osteoarthritis was established. Significance was set at p < 0.05. The mean ± SD preoperative and postoperative Lysholm scores were 59.6 ± 15.5 versus 83.8 ± 13.1 (p < 0.001) and the mean preoperative and postoperative IKDC subjective scores were 59.4 ± 16.8 versus 82.0 ± 15.8 (p < 0.001). Meniscal extrusion greater than 2.2 mm (sensitivity, 84%; specificity, 81%) and 2.8 mm (sensitivity, 73%; specificity, 85%) was associated with unsatisfactory (poor/fair) Lysholm and IKDC subjective scores, respectively. The progression of osteoarthritis, characterized as a change of at least one category on the IKDC radiographic scale, occurred when meniscal extrusion was greater than 2.2 mm (sensitivity, 63%; specificity, 75%). Patients with higher body mass index (BMI) had significantly greater meniscal extrusion that patients with normal BMI (p < 0.001). The medial meniscus was more extruded in patients with horizontal and root tears. In conclusion, patients with preoperative meniscal extrusion of 2.2 mm or greater had unsatisfactory clinical outcomes and progression of osteoarthritis after partial medial meniscectomy at a minimum of 5 years follow-up. Higher BMI and horizontal and root tears were associated with greater preoperative meniscal extrusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- João V Novaretti
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Traumatology Sports Center (CETE), Paulista School of Medicine (EPM), Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Diego C Astur
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Traumatology Sports Center (CETE), Paulista School of Medicine (EPM), Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Moisés Cohen
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Orthopaedics and Traumatology Sports Center (CETE), Paulista School of Medicine (EPM), Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Jerban S, Kasibhatla A, Ma Y, Wu M, Chen Y, Guo T, Wan L, Szeverenyi N, Chang EY, Du J. Detecting Articular Cartilage and Meniscus Deformation Effects Using Magnetization Transfer Ultrashort Echo Time (MT-UTE) Modeling during Mechanical Load Application: Ex Vivo Feasibility Study. Cartilage 2021; 13:665S-673S. [PMID: 33289401 PMCID: PMC8808840 DOI: 10.1177/1947603520976771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ultrashort echo time (UTE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences have improved imaging of short T2 musculoskeletal (MSK) tissues. UTE-MRI combined with magnetization transfer modeling (UTE-MT) has demonstrated robust assessment of MSK tissues. This study aimed to investigate the variation of UTE-MT measures under mechanical loading in tibiofemoral cartilage and meniscus of cadaveric knee joints. DESIGN Fourteen knee joints from young (n = 8, 42 ± 12 years old) and elderly (n = 6, 89 ± 4 years old) donors were scanned on a 3-T scanner under 3 loading conditions: load = 300 N (Load1), load = 500 N (Load2), and load = 0 N (Unload). UTE-MT sequences were performed at each loading condition. Macromolecular proton fraction (MMF) was calculated from UTE-MT modeling. Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to examine the MRI data differences between loading conditions. RESULTS For young donors, MMF increased in all grouped regions of interest (meniscus [M], femoral articular cartilage [FAC], tibial articular cartilage [TAC], articular cartilage regions covered by meniscus [AC-MC], and articular cartilage regions uncovered by meniscus [AC-UC]) when the load increased from 300 to 500 N. The increases in MMF were significant for M (13.3%, P < 0.01) and AC-MC (9.2%, P = 0.04). MMF decreased in all studied regions after unloading, which was significant only for AC-MC (-8.9%, P = 0.01). For elderly donors, MRI parameters did not show significant changes by loading or unloading. CONCLUSION This study highlights the potential of the UTE-MT modeling combined with knee loading in differentiating between normal and abnormal knees. Average tissue deformation effects were likely higher and more uniformly distributed in the joints of young donors compared with elderly donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Jerban
- Department of Radiology, University of
California, San Diego, CA, USA,Saeed Jerban, Department of Radiology,
University of California, 9500 Gilman Dr., San Diego, CA 92093, USA.
| | - Akhil Kasibhatla
- Department of Radiology, University of
California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yajun Ma
- Department of Radiology, University of
California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mei Wu
- Department of Radiology, University of
California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Yanjun Chen
- Department of Radiology, University of
California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Tan Guo
- Department of Radiology, University of
California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Lidi Wan
- Department of Radiology, University of
California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Eric Y. Chang
- Department of Radiology, University of
California, San Diego, CA, USA,Radiology Service, VA San Diego
Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jiang Du
- Department of Radiology, University of
California, San Diego, CA, USA
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12
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Arita H, Kaneko H, Ishibashi M, Sadatsuki R, Liu L, Hada S, Kinoshita M, Aoki T, Negishi Y, Momoeda M, Adili A, Kubota M, Okada Y, Kaneko K, Ishijima M. Medial meniscus extrusion is a determinant factor for the gait speed among MRI-detected structural alterations of knee osteoarthritis. OSTEOARTHRITIS AND CARTILAGE OPEN 2021; 3:100176. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ocarto.2021.100176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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13
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Okazaki Y, Furumatsu T, Yamaguchi T, Kodama Y, Kamatsuki Y, Masuda S, Okazaki Y, Hiranaka T, Zhang X, Ozaki T. Medial meniscus posterior root tear causes swelling of the medial meniscus and expansion of the extruded meniscus: a comparative analysis between 2D and 3D MRI. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2020; 28:3405-3415. [PMID: 31243505 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-019-05580-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to clarify the advantages of three-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) over two-dimensional (2D) MRI in measuring the size of the medial meniscus (MM) and to analyse the volumes of MM and the extruded meniscus in patients with MM posterior root tear (MMPRT), at 10° and 90° knee flexion. METHODS This study included 17 patients with MMPRTs and 15 volunteers with uninjured knees. The MMs were manually segmented for 3D reconstruction; thereafter, the extruded part separated from the tibial edge was determined. The length, width, height, and extrusion of MM were measured by the 2D and 3D methods, and compared. The MM volume, extruded meniscus volume, and their ratio were also calculated using 3D analysis software in the two groups. RESULTS The estimated length and posterior height of MM were larger with 3D MRI than with 2D MRI measurements. The MM volume was significantly greater in MMPRT knees than in normal knees, with increasing MM height. In MMPRT knees, the mean volume of the extruded meniscus and its ratio significantly increased by 304 mm3 (p = 0.02) and 9.1% (p < 0.01), respectively, during knee flexion. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that 3D MRI could estimate the precise MM size and that MMPRT caused swelling of the meniscus due to the increased thickness in the posteromedial part. The clinical significance of this study lies in its 3D evaluation of MM volume, which should help the surgeon understand the biomechanical failure of MM function and improve MMPRT repair technique. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Okazaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takayuki Furumatsu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
| | - Takuya Yamaguchi
- Division of Radiology, Medical Technology Department, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yuya Kodama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Iwakuni Medical Center, 1-1-1 Atago-machi, Iwakuni, Yamaguchi, 740-8510, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kamatsuki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Shin Masuda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yuki Okazaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Takaaki Hiranaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Ximing Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Ozaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kitaku, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
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14
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Liu Y, Du G, Li X. Threshold for lateral meniscal body extrusion on MRI in middle-aged and elderly patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. Diagn Interv Imaging 2020; 101:677-683. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diii.2020.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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15
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Özdemir M, Kavak R. Meniscal Lesions in Geriatric Population: Prevalence and Association with Knee Osteoarthritis. Curr Aging Sci 2020; 12:67-73. [PMID: 31264552 PMCID: PMC6971891 DOI: 10.2174/1874609812666190628112103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the prevalence of different types of meniscal lesions among elderly patients with knee pain. Moreover, this study assessed the relationship between meniscal lesions and the presence of radiographic knee osteoarthritis (OA) in the elderly population. METHODS The radiographs and magnetic resonance images of one knee out of 306 patients with knee pain aged 65-89 years were reviewed for knee OA and meniscal lesions. The prevalence of different types of meniscal lesions was calculated, and the relationship between the prevalence of meniscal lesion types and the presence of radiographic knee OA was analyzed. RESULTS Among 306 participants, 274 (89.5%) showed radiographic knee OA. We found one or more meniscal lesion(s) in 93% of the total subjects, in 94% of all patients with knee OA, and in 84% of all patients without knee OA. The prevalence of surgically target, possible-target, and nontarget lesions were 24%, 72%, and 69%, respectively. The prevalence of surgically target lesions was significantly higher in patients with knee OA than in those without it. The most common lesion observed was meniscal extrusion, followed by the horizontal and complex meniscal tears. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrated that meniscal damage is considerably prevalent among elderly individuals with knee pain, especially in those with knee OA. The fact that surgically target and possible-target lesions constitute a substantial proportion of these lesions should be considered in the clinical approach to these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Özdemir
- Department of Radiology, University of Health Sciences, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rasime Kavak
- Department of Radiology, University of Health Sciences, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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16
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Determining a Threshold of Medial Meniscal Extrusion for Prediction of Knee Pain and Cartilage Damage Progression Over 4 Years: Data From the Osteoarthritis Initiative. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2020; 216:1318-1328. [PMID: 32755218 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.20.23864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND. The extent of medial meniscal extrusion (MME) that is associated with structural and symptomatic progression of knee osteoarthritis has not been defined yet. OBJECTIVE. The purpose of our study was to investigate MRI-based thresholds of MME that are associated with structural progression of knee degenerative disease and symptoms over a period of 4 years. METHODS. We studied 328 knees of 235 participants that were randomly selected from the Osteoarthritis Initiative cohort. MME was quantified on coronal sections of intermediate-weighted MRI sequences obtained at 3 T. Knee pain and cartilage abnormalities were measured using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain scale and the cartilage whole-organ MRI score (WORMS). General estimating equations with logistic regression models were used to correlate baseline MME and changes in pain (WOMAC) and cartilage damage (WORMS). ROC analyses were performed to determine the area under the ROC curve (AUROC). Individual thresholds were determined by maximizing the product of sensitivity and specificity. RESULTS. The AUROC for predicting progression of knee pain, medial compartment cartilage damage, and medial tibial cartilage damage were 0.71, 0.70, and 0.72, respectively, and the individual thresholds for MME were 2.5, 2.7, and 2.8 mm. A single threshold of 2.5 mm was determined by maximizing the mean of the product of sensitivity and specificity of the three outcome variables (knee pain progression, medial compartmental cartilage damage progression, and medial tibial cartilage damage progression). CONCLUSION. MME was associated with knee pain and cartilage damage progression over 4 years. A single threshold of 2.5 mm was found to be the most useful threshold for predicting knee pain, medial compartment cartilage damage progression, and tibial cartilage damage progression over 4 years. CLINICAL IMPACT. This threshold could be used to standardize the diagnostic criterion of extrusion and to better characterize the risk for subsequent structural and symptomatic progression of knee osteoarthritis.
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17
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Kise NJ, Aga C, Engebretsen L, Roos EM, Tariq R, Risberg MA. Complex Tears, Extrusion, and Larger Excision Are Prognostic Factors for Worse Outcomes 1 and 2 Years After Arthroscopic Partial Meniscectomy for Degenerative Meniscal Tears: A Secondary Explorative Study of the Surgically Treated Group From the Odense-Oslo Meniscectomy Versus Exercise (OMEX) Trial. Am J Sports Med 2019; 47:2402-2411. [PMID: 31298923 DOI: 10.1177/0363546519858602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have examined morphological findings from preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and arthroscopic findings as prognostic factors for outcomes 1 and 2 years after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy (APM). PURPOSE/HYPOTHESIS The purpose was to evaluate prognostic factors of preoperative findings from MRI and arthroscopic evaluation on lower extremity performance at 1 year and patient-reported outcomes at 1 to 2 years after APM. The hypothesis was that medial compartment abnormalities would be prognostic for 1- and 2-year functional outcomes. STUDY DESIGN Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. METHODS This secondary analysis from the OMEX (Odense-Oslo Meniscectomy Versus Exercise) trial included 40 patients treated surgically. Regression analyses with adjustments for age, sex, and body mass index explored associations between MRI findings (tear complexity and extrusion), arthroscopic findings (tear length, cartilage injury, and amount of excised meniscal tissue), and the following: lower extremity performance tests and thigh muscle strength at 1 year and the 5 Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) subscales at 1 and 2 years. RESULTS A complex meniscal tear was a significant and clinically relevant prognostic factor for worse KOOS Symptoms subscores at 2 years (mean, 14.1 points [95% CI, 6.1-22.2]). Meniscal extrusion of at least 11%, 25%, and 20% were significant and clinically relevant prognostic factors for worse KOOS Activities of Daily Living (ADL) subscores at 1 year and worse KOOS Sports and Recreation (Sports/Rec) subscores at 1 and 2 years, respectively. Tear lengths of at least 7.0 mm, 6.7 mm, and 6.5 mm were significant and clinically relevant prognostic factors for better KOOS Symptoms subscores at 1 year and better KOOS Sports/Rec subscores at 1 and 2 years, respectively. A cartilage injury in the medial compartment was a significant and clinically relevant prognostic factor for worse KOOS ADL and Quality of Life (QoL) subscores at 2 years (mean, 10.4 and 19.4 points, respectively [95% CI, 3.4-17.4 and 7.7-31.1, respectively]). More than 20% meniscal tissue excised was a significant and clinically relevant prognostic factor for worse KOOS Pain, Symptoms, ADL, and Sports/Rec subscores at 1 and 2 years (mean, 8.9-41.5 points [95% CI, 2.2-15.5 to 21.0-62.0]) and worse KOOS QoL subscores at 2 years (mean, 25.3 points [95% CI, 13.6-37.0]). CONCLUSION Complex meniscal tears, larger extrusion, cartilage injuries, and larger meniscal excision were significant and clinically relevant prognostic factors for worse outcomes 1 and 2 years after APM. REGISTRATION NCT01002794 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Jullum Kise
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Martina Hansens Hospital, Sandvika, Norway
| | - Cathrine Aga
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Martina Hansens Hospital, Sandvika, Norway
| | - Lars Engebretsen
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Sports Medicine, Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ewa M Roos
- Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Rana Tariq
- Division of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - May Arna Risberg
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Sport Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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18
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Svensson F, Felson DT, Turkiewicz A, Guermazi A, Roemer FW, Neuman P, Englund M. Scrutinizing the cut-off for "pathological" meniscal body extrusion on knee MRI. Eur Radiol 2019; 29:2616-2623. [PMID: 30631922 PMCID: PMC6443617 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-018-5914-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Medial meniscal body extrusion ≥ 3 mm on MRI is often considered "pathologic." The aims of this study were to (1) assess the adequacy of 3 mm as cut-off for "pathological" extrusion and (2) find an optimal cut-off for meniscal extrusion cross-sectionally associated with radiographic knee osteoarthritis, bone marrow lesions (BMLs), and cartilage damage. METHODS Nine hundred fifty-eight persons, aged 50-90 years from Framingham, MA, USA, had readable 1.5 T MRI scans of the right knee for meniscal body extrusion (measured in mm). BMLs and cartilage damage were read using the whole organ magnetic resonance imaging score (WORMS). Knee X-rays were read according to the Kellgren and Lawrence (KL) scale. We evaluated the performance of the 3-mm cut-off with respect to the three outcomes and estimated a new cut-off maximizing the sum of sensitivity and specificity. RESULTS The study persons had mean age of 62.2 years, 57.0% were women and the mean body mass index was 28.5 kg/m2. Knees with radiographic osteoarthritis, BMLs, and cartilage damage had overall more meniscal extrusion than knees without. The 3-mm cut-off had moderate sensitivity and low specificity for all three outcomes (sensitivity between 0.68 [95% CI 0.63-0.73] and 0.81 [0.73-0.87], specificity between 0.49 [0.45-0.52] and 0.54 [0.49-0.58]). Using 4 mm maximized the sum of sensitivity and specificity and improved the percentage of correctly classified subjects (from between 54 and 61% to between 64 and 79%). CONCLUSIONS The 4-mm cut-off may be used as an alternative cut-off for denoting pathological meniscal extrusion. KEY POINTS • Medial meniscal body extrusion is strongly associated with osteoarthritis. • The 3-mm cut-off for medial meniscal body extrusion has high sensitivity but low specificity with respect to bone marrow lesions, cartilage damage, and radiographic osteoarthritis. • The 4-mm cut-off maximizes the sensitivity and specificity with respect to all three osteoarthritis features.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Svensson
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopedics, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - D T Felson
- Clinical Epidemiology Research & Training Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Turkiewicz
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopedics, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - A Guermazi
- Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - F W Roemer
- Department of Radiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - P Neuman
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopedics, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - M Englund
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Orthopedics, Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Clinical Epidemiology Research & Training Unit, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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