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Jeong J, Ham S, Shim E, Kim BH, Kang WY, Kang CH, Ahn KS, Lee KC, Choi H. Electron density dual-energy CT can improve the detection of lumbar disc herniation with higher image quality than standard and virtual non-calcium images. Eur Radiol 2024:10.1007/s00330-024-10782-9. [PMID: 38755438 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-024-10782-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the diagnostic performance and image quality of dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) with electron density (ED) image reconstruction with those of DECT with standard CT (SC) and virtual non-calcium (VNCa) image reconstructions, for diagnosing lumbar disc herniation (L-HIVD). METHODS A total of 59 patients (354 intervertebral discs from T12/L1 to L5/S1; mean age, 60 years; 30 women and 29 men) who underwent DECT with spectral reconstruction and 3-T MRI within 2 weeks were enrolled between March 2021 and February 2022. Four radiologists independently assessed three image sets of randomized ED, SC, and VNCa images to detect L-HIVD at 8-week intervals. The coefficient of variance (CV) and the Weber contrast of the ROIs in the normal and diseased disc to cerebrospinal fluid space (NCR-normal/-diseased, respectively) were calculated to compare the image qualities of the noiseless ED and other series. RESULTS Overall, 129 L-HIVDs were noted on MRI. In the detection of L-HIVD, ED showed a higher AUC and sensitivity than SC and VNCa; 0.871 vs 0.807 vs 833 (p = 0.002) and 81% vs 70% vs 74% (p = 0.006 for SC), respectively. CV was much lower in all measurements of ED than those for SC and VNCa (p < 0.001). Furthermore, NCR-normal and NCR-diseased were the highest in ED (ED vs SC in NCR-normal and NCR-diseased, p = 0.001 and p = 0.004, respectively; ED vs VNCa in NCR-diseased, p = 0.044). CONCLUSION Compared to SC and VNCa images, DECT with ED reconstruction can enhance the AUC and sensitivity of L-HIVD detection with a lower CV and higher NCR. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT To our knowledge, this is the first study to quantify the image quality of noiseless ED images. ED imaging may be helpful for detecting L-HIVD in patients who cannot undergo MRI. KEY POINTS ED images have diagnostic potential, but relevant quantitative analyses of image quality are limited. ED images detect disc herniation, with a better coefficient of variance and normalized contrast ratio values. ED images could detect L-HIVD when MRI is not an option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyun Jeong
- Department of Radiology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sungwon Ham
- Healthcare Readiness Institute for Unified Korea, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Euddeum Shim
- Department of Radiology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Baek Hyun Kim
- Department of Radiology, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woo Young Kang
- Department of Radiology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang Ho Kang
- Department of Radiology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Sik Ahn
- Department of Radiology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyu-Chong Lee
- Department of Radiology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hangseok Choi
- Medical Science Research Center, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Xiong X, Wang J, Hao Z, Fan X, Jiang N, Qian X, Hong R, Dai Y, Hu C. MRI-based bone marrow radiomics for predicting cytogenetic abnormalities in multiple myeloma. Clin Radiol 2024; 79:e491-e499. [PMID: 38238146 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2023.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
AIM To develop a radiomics signature applied to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-images to predict cytogenetic abnormalities in multiple myeloma (MM). MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with newly diagnosed MM were enrolled retrospectively from March 2019 to September 2022. They were categorised into the high-risk cytogenetics (HRC) group and standard-risk cytogenetics (SRC) group. The patients were allocated randomly at a ratio of 7:3 into training and validation cohorts. Volumes of interest (VOI) was drawn manually on fat suppression T2-weighted imaging (FS-T2WI) and copied to the same location of the T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) sequence. Radiomics features were extracted from two sequences and selected by reproducibility and redundant analysis. The least absolute shrinkage selection operation (LASSO) algorithm was applied to build the radiomics signatures. The performance of the radiomics signatures to distinguish HRC with SRC was evaluated by ROC curves. The area under the curve (AUC), specificity, and sensitivity were also calculated. RESULTS A total of 105 MM patients were enrolled in this study. The four and 11 most significant and relevant features were selected separately from T1WI and FS-T2WI sequences to build the radiomics signatures based on the training cohort. Compared to the T1WI sequence, the radiomics signature based on the FS-T2WI sequence achieved better performance with AUCs of 0.896 and 0.729 in the training and validation cohorts respectively. A sensitivity of 0.833, specificity of 0.667, and Youden index of 0.500 were achieved for the FS-T2WI radiomics signature in the validation cohort. CONCLUSIONS The radiomics signature based on MRI provides a non-invasive and convenient tool to predict cytogenetic abnormalities in MM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Xiong
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - J Wang
- Department of Radiology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou 225001, China
| | - Z Hao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - X Fan
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - N Jiang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - X Qian
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou, 215163, China
| | - R Hong
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y Dai
- Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology, Chinese Academy of Science, Suzhou, 215163, China.
| | - C Hu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, Jiangsu, China.
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Xiong X, Hong R, Fan X, Hao Z, Zhang X, Zhang Y, Hu C. Quantitative assessment of bone marrow infiltration and characterization of tumor burden using dual-layer spectral CT in patients with multiple myeloma. Radiol Oncol 2024; 58:43-50. [PMID: 38183278 PMCID: PMC10878765 DOI: 10.2478/raon-2024-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to evaluate whether virtual calcium subtraction (VNCa) image extracted from dual-layer spectral CT could estimate bone marrow (BM) infiltration with MRI as the reference standard and characterize tumor burden in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). PATIENTS AND METHODS Forty-seven patients with newly diagnosed MM were retrospectively enrolled. They had undergone whole-body low-dose dual-layer spectral CT (DLCT) and whole-body MRI within one week. VNCa images with calcium-suppressed (CaSupp) indices ranging from 25 to 95 at an interval of 10 and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps were quantitatively analyzed on vertebral bodies L1-L5 at the central slice of images. The optimal combination was selected by correlation analysis between CT numbers and ADC values. Then, it was used to characterize tumor burden by correlation analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves analysis, including plasma cell infiltration rate (PCIR), high serum-free light chains (SFLC) ratio and the high-risk cytogenetic (HRC) status. RESULTS The most significant quantitative correlation between CT numbers of VNCa images and ADC values could be found at CaSupp index 85 for averaged L1-L5 (r = 0.612, p < 0.001). It allowed quantitative evaluation of PCIR (r = 0.835, p < 0.001). It could also anticipate high SFLC ratio and the HRC status with area under the curve (AUC) of 0.876 and 0.760, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The VNCa measurements of averaged L1-L5 showed the highest correlation with ADC at CaSupp index 85. It could therefore be used as additional imaging biomarker for non-invasive assessment of tumor burden if ADC is not feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Xiong
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rong Hong
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Fan
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhengmei Hao
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Department of Clinical Science, Philips Healthcare Greater China, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Chunhong Hu
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Rodríguez-Laval V, Lumbreras-Fernández B, Aguado-Bueno B, Gómez-León N. Imaging of Multiple Myeloma: Present and Future. J Clin Med 2024; 13:264. [PMID: 38202271 PMCID: PMC10780302 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13010264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is the second most common adult hematologic malignancy, and early intervention increases survival in asymptomatic high-risk patients. Imaging is crucial for the diagnosis and follow-up of MM, as the detection of bone and bone marrow lesions often dictates the decision to start treatment. Low-dose whole-body computed tomography (CT) is the modality of choice for the initial assessment, and dual-energy CT is a developing technique with the potential for detecting non-lytic marrow infiltration and evaluating the response to treatment. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is more sensitive and specific than 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) for the detection of small focal lesions and diffuse marrow infiltration. However, FDG-PET/CT is recommended as the modality of choice for follow-up. Recently, diffusion-weighted MRI has become a new technique for the quantitative assessment of disease burden and therapy response. Although not widespread, we address current proposals for structured reporting to promote standardization and diminish variations. This review provides an up-to-date overview of MM imaging, indications, advantages, limitations, and recommended reporting of each technique. We also cover the main differential diagnosis and pitfalls and discuss the ongoing controversies and future directions, such as PET-MRI and artificial intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Rodríguez-Laval
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital La Princesa, IIS-Princesa, Calle Diego de León 62, 28005 Madrid, Spain; (B.L.-F.); (N.G.-L.)
- Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Calle del Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Lumbreras-Fernández
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital La Princesa, IIS-Princesa, Calle Diego de León 62, 28005 Madrid, Spain; (B.L.-F.); (N.G.-L.)
| | - Beatriz Aguado-Bueno
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital La Princesa, IIS-Princesa, Calle Diego de León 62, 28005 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Nieves Gómez-León
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital La Princesa, IIS-Princesa, Calle Diego de León 62, 28005 Madrid, Spain; (B.L.-F.); (N.G.-L.)
- Department of Medicine, Autonomous University of Madrid, Calle del Arzobispo Morcillo 4, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Yu X, Cai A, Liang N, Wang S, Zheng Z, Li L, Yan B. Direct Multi-Material Reconstruction via Iterative Proximal Adaptive Descent for Spectral CT Imaging. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10040470. [PMID: 37106656 PMCID: PMC10136068 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10040470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Spectral computed tomography (spectral CT) is a promising medical imaging technology because of its ability to provide information on material characterization and quantification. However, with an increasing number of basis materials, the nonlinearity of measurements causes difficulty in decomposition. In addition, noise amplification and beam hardening further reduce image quality. Thus, improving the accuracy of material decomposition while suppressing noise is pivotal for spectral CT imaging. This paper proposes a one-step multi-material reconstruction model as well as an iterative proximal adaptive decent method. In this approach, a proximal step and a descent step with adaptive step size are designed under the forward-backward splitting framework. The convergence analysis of the algorithm is further discussed according to the convexity of the optimization objective function. For simulation experiments with different noise levels, the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) obtained by the proposed method increases approximately 23 dB, 14 dB, and 4 dB compared to those of other algorithms. Magnified areas of thorax data further demonstrated that the proposed method has a better ability to preserve details in tissues, bones, and lungs. Numerical experiments verify that the proposed method efficiently reconstructed the material maps, and reduced noise and beam hardening artifacts compared with the state-of-the-art methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohuan Yu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Imaging and Intelligent Processing, PLA Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ailong Cai
- Henan Key Laboratory of Imaging and Intelligent Processing, PLA Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Ningning Liang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Imaging and Intelligent Processing, PLA Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Shaoyu Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Imaging and Intelligent Processing, PLA Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhizhong Zheng
- Henan Key Laboratory of Imaging and Intelligent Processing, PLA Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Lei Li
- Henan Key Laboratory of Imaging and Intelligent Processing, PLA Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Bin Yan
- Henan Key Laboratory of Imaging and Intelligent Processing, PLA Strategic Support Force Information Engineering University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Shim E, Kim BH, Kang WY, Hong SJ, Kang CH, Ahn KS, Lee H, Kwack TJ. Diagnostic performance of electron-density dual-energy CT in detection of cervical disc herniation in comparison with standard gray-scale CT and virtual non-calcium images. Eur Radiol 2022; 32:2209-2220. [PMID: 35064315 PMCID: PMC8782689 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-021-08374-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Objectives To assess the diagnostic performance of dual-energy CT (DECT) with electron-density (ED) image reconstruction compared with standard CT (SC) and virtual non-calcium (VNCa) image CT reconstruction for detecting cervical disc herniation. Methods This cross-sectional study was approved by the IRB. We enrolled 64 patients (336 intervertebral discs from C2/3 to C7/T1; mean age, 55 years; 17 women and 47 men) who underwent DECT with spectral reconstruction and 3-T MRI within 2 weeks between January 2018 and June 2020. Four radiologists independently evaluated the first image set of randomized SC, VNCa, and ED images to detect cervical disc herniation. After 8 weeks, the readers re-evaluated the second and the last image sets with an 8-week interval. MRI evaluations performed by two other experienced served as the reference standard. Comparing diagnostic performance between each images set was evaluated by a generalized estimating equation. Results A total of 233 cervical disc herniations were noted on MRI. For detecting cervical disc herniation, electron-density images showed higher sensitivity (94% [219/233; 95% CI, 90–97] vs. 76% [177/233; 70–81] vs. 69% [160/233; 62–76]) (p < 0.001) and similar specificity (90% [93/103; 83–95] vs. 89% [92/103; 82–96] vs. 90% [93/103; 83–95]) (p > 0.05) as SC and VNCa images, respectively. Inter-reader agreement for cervical disc herniation calculated among the four readers was moderate for all image sets (κ = 0.558 for ED, κ = 0.422 for SC, and κ = 0.449 for VNCa). Conclusion DECT with ED reconstruction can improve cervical disc herniation detection and diagnostic confidence compared with SC and VNCa images. Key Points • Intervertebral discs with high material density are well visualized on electron-density images obtained from dual-energy CT. • Electron-density images showed much higher sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy than standard CT and virtual non-calcium images for the detection of cervical disc herniation. • Electron-density images can have false-negative results, especially for disc herniation with high signal intensity on T2W images and can show pseudo-disc extrusion at the lower cervical spine. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00330-021-08374-y.
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