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Kadaba Sridhar S, Dysterheft Robb J, Gupta R, Cheong S, Kuang R, Samadani U. Structural neuroimaging markers of normal pressure hydrocephalus versus Alzheimer's dementia and Parkinson's disease, and hydrocephalus versus atrophy in chronic TBI-a narrative review. Front Neurol 2024; 15:1347200. [PMID: 38576534 PMCID: PMC10991762 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2024.1347200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus (NPH) is a prominent type of reversible dementia that may be treated with shunt surgery, and it is crucial to differentiate it from irreversible degeneration caused by its symptomatic mimics like Alzheimer's Dementia (AD) and Parkinson's Disease (PD). Similarly, it is important to distinguish between (normal pressure) hydrocephalus and irreversible atrophy/degeneration which are among the chronic effects of Traumatic Brain Injury (cTBI), as the former may be reversed through shunt placement. The purpose of this review is to elucidate the structural imaging markers which may be foundational to the development of accurate, noninvasive, and accessible solutions to this problem. Methods By searching the PubMed database for keywords related to NPH, AD, PD, and cTBI, we reviewed studies that examined the (1) distinct neuroanatomical markers of degeneration in NPH versus AD and PD, and atrophy versus hydrocephalus in cTBI and (2) computational methods for their (semi-) automatic assessment on Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scans. Results Structural markers of NPH and those that can distinguish it from AD have been well studied, but only a few studies have explored its structural distinction between PD. The structural implications of cTBI over time have been studied. But neuroanatomical markers that can predict shunt response in patients with either symptomatic idiopathic NPH or post-traumatic hydrocephalus have not been reliably established. MRI-based markers dominate this field of investigation as compared to CT, which is also reflected in the disproportionate number of MRI-based computational methods for their automatic assessment. Conclusion Along with an up-to-date literature review on the structural neurodegeneration due to NPH versus AD/PD, and hydrocephalus versus atrophy in cTBI, this article sheds light on the potential of structural imaging markers as (differential) diagnostic aids for the timely recognition of patients with reversible (normal pressure) hydrocephalus, and opportunities to develop computational tools for their objective assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharada Kadaba Sridhar
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Neurotrauma Research Lab, Center for Veterans Research and Education, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Jen Dysterheft Robb
- Neurotrauma Research Lab, Center for Veterans Research and Education, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Rishabh Gupta
- Neurotrauma Research Lab, Center for Veterans Research and Education, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Scarlett Cheong
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Neurotrauma Research Lab, Center for Veterans Research and Education, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Rui Kuang
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Uzma Samadani
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Neurotrauma Research Lab, Center for Veterans Research and Education, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- University of Minnesota Twin Cities Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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Haller S, Montandon ML, Rodriguez C, Herrmann FR, Giannakopoulos P. Automatic MRI volumetry in asymptomatic cases at risk for normal pressure hydrocephalus. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1242158. [PMID: 38020768 PMCID: PMC10655029 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1242158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of significant Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology was described in approximately 30% of normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) cases, leading to the distinction between neurodegenerative and idiopathic forms of this disorder. Whether or not there is a specific MRI signature of NPH remains a matter of debate. The present study focuses on asymptomatic cases at risk for NPH as defined with automatic machine learning tools and combines automatic MRI assessment of cortical and white matter volumetry, risk of AD (AD-RAI), and brain age gap estimation (BrainAge). Our hypothesis was that brain aging and AD process-independent volumetric changes occur in asymptomatic NPH-positive cases. We explored the volumetric changes in normal aging-sensitive (entorhinal cortex and parahippocampal gyrus/PHG) and AD-signature areas (hippocampus), four control cortical areas (frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal), and cerebral and cerebellar white matter in 30 asymptomatic cases at risk for NPH (NPH probability >30) compared to 30 NPH-negative cases (NPH probability <5) with preserved cognition. In univariate regression models, NPH positivity was associated with decreased volumes in the hippocampus, parahippocampal gyrus (PHG), and entorhinal cortex bilaterally. The strongest negative association was found in the left hippocampus that persisted when adjusting for AD-RAI and Brain Age values. A combined model including the three parameters explained 36.5% of the variance, left hippocampal volumes, and BrainAge values, which remained independent predictors of the NPH status. Bilateral PHG and entorhinal cortex volumes were negatively associated with NPH-positive status in univariate models but this relationship did not persist when adjusting for BrainAge, the latter remaining the only predictor of the NPH status. We also found a negative association between bilateral cerebral and cerebellar white matter volumes and NPH status that persisted after controlling for AD-RAI or Brain Age values, explaining between 50 and 65% of its variance. These observations support the idea that in cases at risk for NPH, as defined by support vector machine assessment of NPH-related MRI markers, brain aging-related and brain aging and AD-independent volumetric changes coexist. The latter concerns volume loss in restricted hippocampal and white matter areas that could be considered as the MRI signature of idiopathic forms of NPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Haller
- CIMC - Centre d’Imagerie Médicale de Cornavin, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Radiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Marie-Louise Montandon
- Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Cristelle Rodriguez
- Division of Institutional Measures, Medical Direction, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - François R. Herrmann
- Department of Rehabilitation and Geriatrics, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Panteleimon Giannakopoulos
- Division of Institutional Measures, Medical Direction, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Manet R, Czosnyka Z, Czosnyka M, Gergelé L, Jouanneau E, Garnier-Crussard A, Desestret V, Palandri G. Managing Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus: Need for a Change of Mindset. World Neurosurg 2023; 178:e6-e12. [PMID: 37544601 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.07.147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) refers to a complex brain disorder characterized by ventricular enlargement and the classic Hakim's triad of gait and balance difficulties, urinary incontinence, and cognitive impairment. It predominantly affects older patients in the absence of an identified cause. As the elderly population continues to increase, iNPH becomes a growing concern in the complex spectrum of neuro-geriatric care, with significant socio-economic implications. However, unlike other well-structured management approaches for neurodegenerative disorders, the management of iNPH remains largely uncodified, leading to suboptimal care in many cases. In this article, we highlighted the challenges of current practice and identify key points for an optimal structuration of care for iNPH. Adopting a global approach to iNPH could facilitate a progressive shift in mindset, moving away from solely aiming to cure an isolated neurological disease with uncertain outcomes to providing comprehensive care that focuses on improving the daily life of frail patients with complex neurodegenerative burdens, using tailored goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Manet
- Department of Neurosurgery B, Neurological Hospital P. Wertheimer, University of Lyon, France.
| | - Zofia Czosnyka
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Marek Czosnyka
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Laurent Gergelé
- Department of Intensive Care, Ramsay Générale de Santé, Hôpital privé de la Loire, Saint Etienne, France
| | - Emmanuel Jouanneau
- Department of Neurosurgery B, Neurological Hospital P. Wertheimer, University of Lyon, France; Lyon 1 University, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Lyon, France
| | - Antoine Garnier-Crussard
- Clinical and Research Memory Center of Lyon, Lyon Institute For Aging, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Virginie Desestret
- Department of Neurology D, Neurological Hospital Wertheimer, University of Lyon, France; Lyon 1 University, INSERM U1217/CNRS UMR 5310, Lyon, France
| | - Giorgio Palandri
- Department of Neurosurgery, Institute of Neurological Sciences of Bologna, Bellaria Hospital, University of Bologna, Italy
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Luca A, Donzuso G, Mostile G, Terranova R, Cicero CE, Nicoletti A, Zappia M. Brain linear measurements for differentiating normal pressure hydrocephalus from Alzheimer's disease: an exploratory study. Eur J Neurol 2023; 30:2849-2853. [PMID: 37265410 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Easy and reliable tools for the differential diagnosis between idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) are needed. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study iNPH and AD patients referred to the Neurology Unit of the University of Catania from 1 January 2020 to 1 December 2022 were enrolled. The following brain linear measurements (BLMs) were calculated: Evan's index (EI), the parieto-occipital ratio (POR) and the temporal ratio (TR). For each index, sensitivity, specificity and the area under the curve (AUC) were calculated. Moreover, a cumulative index, the BLM index, was also considered. RESULTS Fifty patients (25 iNPH and 25 AD) were enrolled. In differentiating iNPH from AD, EI had the highest AUC (0.956), POR had the highest specificity (100%) whilst TR had the highest sensitivity (92%). The BLM index differentiated iNPH and AD with a sensitivity of 96%, a specificity of 92% and an AUC of 0.963 with an optimal cut-off value of 0.303. CONCLUSION Evan's index, POR and TR may be useful in the differential diagnosis between iNPH and AD. At an individual level, the BLM index represents a valid and reliable tool to achieve an accurate differentiation between these two conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonina Luca
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "GF Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giulia Donzuso
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "GF Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Mostile
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "GF Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Roberta Terranova
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "GF Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Calogero Edoardo Cicero
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "GF Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Alessandra Nicoletti
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "GF Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Mario Zappia
- Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "GF Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Chen J, He W, Zhang X, Lv M, Zhou X, Yang X, Wei H, Ma H, Li H, Xia J. Value of MRI-based semi-quantitative structural neuroimaging in predicting the prognosis of patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus after shunt surgery. Eur Radiol 2022; 32:7800-7810. [PMID: 35501572 PMCID: PMC9668801 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-022-08733-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the value of structural neuroimaging in predicting the prognosis of shunt surgery for idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) using two different standard semi-quantitative imaging scales. METHODS A total of 47 patients with iNPH who underwent shunt surgery at our hospital between 2018 and 2020 were included in this study. The modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and iNPH grading scale (iNPHGS) were used to evaluate and quantify the clinical symptoms before and after shunt surgery. The disproportionately enlarged subarachnoid space hydrocephalus (DESH) and iNPH Radscale scores were used to evaluate the preoperative MR images. The primary endpoint was improvement in the mRS score a year after surgery, and the secondary endpoint was the iNPHGS after 1 year. The preoperative imaging features of the improved and non-improved groups were compared. RESULTS The rates of the primary and secondary outcomes were 59.6% and 61.7%, respectively, 1 year after surgery. There were no significant differences in preoperative DESH score, iNPH Radscale, Evans' index (EI), or callosal angle (CA) between the improved and non-improved groups. Significant correlations were observed between the severity of gait disorder and EI and the CA. CONCLUSIONS The value of structural neuroimaging in predicting the prognosis of shunt surgery is limited, and screening for shunt surgery candidates should not rely only on preoperative imaging findings. KEY POINTS • Early shunt surgery can significantly improve the clinical symptoms and prognosis of patients with idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). • Structural imaging findings have limited predictiveness for the prognosis of patients with iNPH after shunt surgery. • Patients should not be selected for shunt surgery based on only structural imaging findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiakuan Chen
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, 3002 SunGang Road West, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjie He
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, 3002 SunGang Road West, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiejun Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, 3002 SunGang Road West, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Minrui Lv
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, 3002 SunGang Road West, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xi Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, 3002 SunGang Road West, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaolin Yang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, 3002 SunGang Road West, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Haihua Wei
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, 3002 SunGang Road West, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong Province, China
- Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Haiqin Ma
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, 3002 SunGang Road West, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong Province, China
- Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Hongbing Li
- Department of Radiology, Fuyong People's Hospital, Baoan District, Shenzhen, 518103, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Jun Xia
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, 3002 SunGang Road West, Shenzhen, 518035, Guangdong Province, China.
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