1
|
Liu G, Kim J, Nguyen N, Zhou L, Dean A. Long noncoding RNA GATA2AS influences human erythropoiesis by transcription factor and chromatin landscape modulation. Blood 2024; 143:2300-2313. [PMID: 38447046 PMCID: PMC11181357 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023021287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are extensively expressed in eukaryotic cells and have been revealed to be important for regulating cell differentiation. Many lncRNAs have been found to regulate erythroid differentiation in the mouse. However, given the low sequence conservation of lncRNAs between mouse and human, our understanding of lncRNAs in human erythroid differentiation remains incomplete. lncRNAs are often transcribed opposite to protein coding genes and regulate their expression. Here, we characterized a human erythrocyte-expressed lncRNA, GATA2AS, which is transcribed opposite to erythroid transcription regulator GATA2. GATA2AS is a 2080-bp long, primarily nucleus-localized noncoding RNA that is expressed in erythroid progenitor cells and decreases during differentiation. Knockout of GATA2AS in human HUDEP2 erythroid progenitor cells using CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing to remove the transcription start site accelerated erythroid differentiation and dysregulated erythroblast gene expression. We identified GATA2AS as a novel GATA2 and HBG activator. Chromatin isolation by RNA purification showed that GATA2AS binds to thousands of genomic sites and colocalizes at a subset of sites with erythroid transcription factors including LRF and KLF1. RNA pulldown and RNA immunoprecipitation confirmed interaction between GATA2AS and LRF and KLF1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) showed that knockout of GATA2AS reduces binding of these transcription factors genome wide. Assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (ATAC-seq) and H3K27ac ChIP-seq showed that GATA2AS is essential to maintain the chromatin regulatory landscape during erythroid differentiation. Knockdown of GATA2AS in human primary CD34+ cells mimicked results in HUDEP2 cells. Overall, our results implicate human-specific lncRNA GATA2AS as a regulator of erythroid differentiation by influencing erythroid transcription factor binding and the chromatin regulatory landscape.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoyou Liu
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Juhyun Kim
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Nicole Nguyen
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Lecong Zhou
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ann Dean
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fu L, Huang Q, Wu Y, Chen D. Prognostic analysis of uveal melanoma based on the characteristic genes of M2-type macrophages in the tumor microenvironment. BMC Bioinformatics 2023; 24:280. [PMID: 37434120 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-023-05396-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma arises from stromal melanocytes and is the most prevalent primary intraocular tumor in adults. It poses a significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenge due to its high malignancy and early onset of metastases. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the role of diverse immune cells in tumor cell development and metastasis. Using The Cancer Genome Atlas and the gene expression omnibus databases, and the CIBERSORT method, we investigated the topography of intra-tumor immune infiltration in uveal melanoma in this research. We evaluated the prognosis of uveal melanoma patients using the M2 macrophage immune cell infiltration score in conjunction with clinical tumor patient data. We built a prognostic model based on the distinctive genes of M2 macrophages and combined it with patients' clinical data in the database; we ran a survival prognostic analysis to authenticate the model's accuracy. The functional study revealed the importance of macrophage-associated genes in the development of uveal melanoma. Moreover, the reliability of our prediction model was verified by combining tumor mutational load, immune checkpoint, and drug sensitivity, respectively. Our study provides a reference for the follow-up study of uveal melanoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jian Yang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qun Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yongfeng Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jian Yang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Diang Chen
- Department of Andrology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, Chengdu, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kwon N, Lee KE, Singh M, Kang SG. Suitable primers for GAPDH reference gene amplification in quantitative RT-PCR analysis of human gene expression. GENE REPORTS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2021.101272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
4
|
Construction of a novel prognostic-predicting model correlated to ovarian cancer. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:225895. [PMID: 32716025 PMCID: PMC7414523 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20201261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Ovarian cancer (OC) is one of the most lethal gynecological cancers worldwide. The pathogenesis of the disease and outcomes prediction of OC patients remain largely unclear. The present study aimed to explore the key genes and biological pathways in ovarian carcinoma development, as well as construct a prognostic model to predict patients’ overall survival (OS). Results: We identified 164 up-regulated and 80 down-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with OC. Gene Ontology (GO) term enrichment showed DEGs mainly correlated with spindle microtubes. For Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, cell cycle was mostly enriched for the DEGs. The protein–protein interaction (PPI) network yielded 238 nodes and 1284 edges. Top three modules and ten hub genes were further filtered and analyzed. Three candidiate drugs targeting for therapy were also selected. Thirteen OS-related genes were selected and an eight-mRNA model was present to stratify patients into high- and low-risk groups with significantly different survival. Conclusions: The identified DEGs and biological pathways may provide new perspective on the pathogenesis and treatments of OC. The identified eight-mRNA signature has significant clinical implication for outcome prediction and tailored therapy guidance for OC patients.
Collapse
|
5
|
Long non-coding RNA ARHGAP5-AS1 inhibits migration of breast cancer cell via stabilizing SMAD7 protein. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2021; 189:607-619. [PMID: 34370213 PMCID: PMC8505316 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-021-06286-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tumor metastasis is the main cause of death from breast cancer patients and cell migration plays a critical role in cancer metastasis. Recent studies have shown long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an essential role in the initiation and progression of cancer. In the present study, the role of an LncRNA, Rho GTPase Activating Protein 5- Antisense 1 (ARHGAP5-AS1) in breast cancer was investigated. METHODS RNA sequencing was performed to find out dysregulated LncRNAs in MDA-MB-231-LM2 cells. Transwell migration assays and F-actin staining were utilized to estimate cell migration ability. RNA pulldown assays and RNA immunoprecipitation were used to prove the interaction between ARHGAP5-AS1 and SMAD7. Western blot and immunofluorescence imaging were used to examine the protein levels. Dual luciferase reporter assays were performed to evaluate the activation of TGF-β signaling. RESULTS We analyzed the RNA-seq data of MDA-MB-231 and its highly metastatic derivative MDA-MB-231-LM2 cell lines (referred to as LM2) and identified a novel lncRNA (NR_027263) named as ARHGAP5-AS1, which expression was significantly downregulated in LM2 cells. Further functional investigation showed ARHGAP5-AS1 could inhibit cell migration via suppression of stress fibers in breast cancer cell lines. Afterwards, SMAD7 was further identified to interact with ARHGAP5-AS1 by its PY motif and thus its ubiquitination and degradation was blocked due to reduced interaction with E3 ligase SMURF1 and SMURF2. Moreover, ARHGAP5-AS1 could inhibit TGF-β signaling pathway due to its inhibitory role on SMAD7. CONCLUSION ARHGAP5-AS1 inhibits breast cancer cell migration via stabilization of SMAD7 protein and could serve as a novel biomarker and a potential target for breast cancer in the future.
Collapse
|
6
|
Grzegrzolka J, Olbromski M, Gomulkiewicz A, Piotrowska A, Glatzel-Plucinska N, Ratajczak K, Sputa-Grzegrzolka P, Rzechonek A, Werynska B, Podhorska-Okolow M, Dziegiel P. Role of tesmin expression in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2020; 21:48. [PMID: 33281959 PMCID: PMC7709552 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the most frequent cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide. Tesmin (MTL5) is a 60 kDa protein which has cysteine rich motifs, characteristic of metallothioneins. Tesmin expression was first observed in germ cells during spermatogenesis. Increased tesmin expression in NSCLC has been described previously. Minichromosome maintenance proteins (MCMs) serve a critical role in replication and cell cycle progression, i.e. in NSCLC. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the localization and intensity of tesmin, MCM5 and MCM7 protein expression in NSCLC and their association with the clinicopathological data of patients. Archival paraffin blocks of 243 cases of NSCLC and 104 non-cancerous tissue samples from the surgical margin (control) were obtained from patients treated at the Clinic of Thoracic Surgery of Wroclaw Medical University (Wroclaw, Poland) between 2010 and 2016, and were used for tissue microarrays and immunohistochemical (IHC) experiments. Laser capture microdissection was used for the isolation of cancer cells from 36 frozen samples of NSCLC and 8 control samples, and subsequently, MTL5, MCM5 and MCM7 mRNA expression was detected separately by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Positive cytoplasmic and nuclear tesmin, as well as nuclear MCM5 and MCM7 IHC expression were observed in 95.1, 83.67, 95.51 and 100% of the NSCLC cases, respectively. MTL5, MCM5 and MCM7 mRNA expression was observed in 91.66% of the cancer cases for all genes. The statistical analysis revealed increased tesmin IHC expression in cancer cells compared with the control. A positive correlation was observed between the IHC expression of nuclear tesmin and MCM5 proteins (r=0.33; P<0.0001) and nuclear tesmin and MCM7 proteins (r=0.315; P<0.0001). In addition, a positive correlation between the mRNA expression levels of MTL5 and MCM5 (r=0.421; P<0.05), MTL5 and MCM7 (r=0.557; P<0.01) was demonstrated. The survival analysis revealed that the presence of IHC cytoplasmic tesmin expression was a positive prognostic marker in NSCLC (P=0.0524). Furthermore, in vitro experiments performed on the NCI-H1703 cell line revealed that silencing of MTL5 mRNA and tesmin caused the downregulation of the expression levels of MCM5 and MCM7 and decreased the number of cells in the G2 phase. A positive association among tesmin, MCM5 and MCM7 could indicate a possible role of tesmin in the proliferation of NSCLC cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jedrzej Grzegrzolka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mateusz Olbromski
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Gomulkiewicz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Piotrowska
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Katarzyna Ratajczak
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Adam Rzechonek
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Bozena Werynska
- Department of Pulmonology and Lung Cancer, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Dziegiel
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland.,Department of Physiotherapy, Wroclaw University School of Physical Education, 51-612 Wroclaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Boldinova EO, Khairullin RF, Makarova AV, Zharkov DO. Isoforms of Base Excision Repair Enzymes Produced by Alternative Splicing. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20133279. [PMID: 31277343 PMCID: PMC6651865 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20133279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcripts of many enzymes involved in base excision repair (BER) undergo extensive alternative splicing, but functions of the corresponding alternative splice variants remain largely unexplored. In this review, we cover the studies describing the common alternatively spliced isoforms and disease-associated variants of DNA glycosylases, AP-endonuclease 1, and DNA polymerase beta. We also discuss the roles of alternative splicing in the regulation of their expression, catalytic activities, and intracellular transport.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rafil F Khairullin
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, 9 Parizhskoy Kommuny Str., 420012 Kazan, Russia
| | - Alena V Makarova
- RAS Institute of Molecular Genetics, 2 Kurchatova Sq., 123182 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Dmitry O Zharkov
- Novosibirsk State University, 1 Pirogova St., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
- SB RAS Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, 8 Lavrentieva Ave., 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sun Q, Zhou WX, Fan J. Adaptive Huber Regression. J Am Stat Assoc 2019; 115:254-265. [PMID: 33139964 PMCID: PMC7603940 DOI: 10.1080/01621459.2018.1543124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Big data can easily be contaminated by outliers or contain variables with heavy-tailed distributions, which makes many conventional methods inadequate. To address this challenge, we propose the adaptive Huber regression for robust estimation and inference. The key observation is that the robustification parameter should adapt to the sample size, dimension and moments for optimal tradeoff between bias and robustness. Our theoretical framework deals with heavy-tailed distributions with bounded (1 + δ)-th moment for any δ > 0. We establish a sharp phase transition for robust estimation of regression parameters in both low and high dimensions: when δ ≥ 1, the estimator admits a sub-Gaussian-type deviation bound without sub-Gaussian assumptions on the data, while only a slower rate is available in the regime 0 < δ < 1 and the transition is smooth and optimal. In addition, we extend the methodology to allow both heavy-tailed predictors and observation noise. Simulation studies lend further support to the theory. In a genetic study of cancer cell lines that exhibit heavy-tailedness, the proposed methods are shown to be more robust and predictive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Sun
- Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G3, Canada
| | - Wen-Xin Zhou
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Jianqing Fan
- Honorary Professor, School of Data Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China and Frederick L. Moore '18 Professor of Finance, Department of Operations Research and Financial Engineering, Princeton University, NJ 08544
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fu Q, Yang F, Zhao J, Yang X, Xiang T, Huai G, Zhang J, Wei L, Deng S, Yang H. Bioinformatical identification of key pathways and genes in human hepatocellular carcinoma after CSN5 depletion. Cell Signal 2018; 49:79-86. [PMID: 29885455 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer. It has been previously reported that CSN5 depletion is an effective method in human HCC. In the current study, we aimed to uncover gene signatures and key pathways during HCC. Gene expression profiles of GSE26485 were downloaded from GEO database. Totally, 101 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were up-regulated and 146 ones were down-regulated. Biological processes (BP) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway (KEGG) analysis showed that the DEGs were mainly enriched in regulation of cell growth, oxidation-reduction process, mitotic cytokinesis, negative regulation of macroautophagy, endosome organization, lysosome, biosynthesis of antibiotics, small cell lung cancer and glutathione metabolism and so on (P < 0.05). Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, Kaplan-Meier, log-rank method, western blot, immunohistochemistry and encyclopedia of DNA elements (ENCODE) analysis showed that CSN5 depletion took effects through down-regulation of SMAD5-related pathways which include EXO1, CENPA and NCAPG, resulting in the inactivation of H3K4me3 and H3K36me3. Those genes represent the promising targets for therapeutic intervention in HCC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fu
- Organ Transplantation Center, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan province, China; Organ Transplantation translational medicine Key laboratory of Sichuan province,Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Women and Children Health Care Center of Luoyang, Luoyang 471000, Henan province, China
| | - Ji Zhao
- Organ Transplantation Center, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan province, China; Organ Transplantation translational medicine Key laboratory of Sichuan province,Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Xingxing Yang
- Organ Transplantation Center, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan province, China; Organ Transplantation translational medicine Key laboratory of Sichuan province,Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Tengxiao Xiang
- People's Hospital of Changshou Chongqing, Chongqing 401220, China
| | - Guoli Huai
- Organ Transplantation Center, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan province, China; Organ Transplantation translational medicine Key laboratory of Sichuan province,Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Jiashu Zhang
- Organ Transplantation translational medicine Key laboratory of Sichuan province,Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China; North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637100, Sichuan province, China
| | - Liang Wei
- Organ Transplantation Center, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan province, China; Organ Transplantation translational medicine Key laboratory of Sichuan province,Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China
| | - Shaoping Deng
- Organ Transplantation Center, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan province, China; Organ Transplantation translational medicine Key laboratory of Sichuan province,Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China; North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong 637100, Sichuan province, China; Human Islet Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston 02114, MA, USA.
| | - Hongji Yang
- Organ Transplantation Center, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, Sichuan province, China; Organ Transplantation translational medicine Key laboratory of Sichuan province,Chengdu, Sichuan 610072, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xiao H, Zhou B, Jiang N, Cai Y, Liu X, Shi Z, Li M, Du C. The potential value of CDV3 in the prognosis evaluation in Hepatocellular carcinoma. Genes Dis 2018; 5:167-171. [PMID: 30258946 PMCID: PMC6147043 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CDV3 is correlated with tumorigenesis and may affect some biological process in cancer. In this study, we explore the role of CDV3 in HCC. According to the TCGA data base, CDV3 is over-expressed in HCC tissues. Up-regulation of CDV3 is correlated with lower over-all survival rate in HCC patients. In HCC samples from our hospital, CDV3 is also enriched in cancer tissues and CDV3 expression associated with HCC pathological T stage. What is more, higher CDV3 expression could forecast poor survival rate in HCC patients. In conclusion, CDV3 is a biomarker of HCC and could be a potential therapeutic target.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heng Xiao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Baoyong Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunshi Cai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiongwei Liu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengrong Shi
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyou Du
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ge R, Zhou M, Luo Y, Meng Q, Mai G, Ma D, Wang G, Zhou F. McTwo: a two-step feature selection algorithm based on maximal information coefficient. BMC Bioinformatics 2016; 17:142. [PMID: 27006077 PMCID: PMC4804474 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-016-0990-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-throughput bio-OMIC technologies are producing high-dimension data from bio-samples at an ever increasing rate, whereas the training sample number in a traditional experiment remains small due to various difficulties. This "large p, small n" paradigm in the area of biomedical "big data" may be at least partly solved by feature selection algorithms, which select only features significantly associated with phenotypes. Feature selection is an NP-hard problem. Due to the exponentially increased time requirement for finding the globally optimal solution, all the existing feature selection algorithms employ heuristic rules to find locally optimal solutions, and their solutions achieve different performances on different datasets. RESULTS This work describes a feature selection algorithm based on a recently published correlation measurement, Maximal Information Coefficient (MIC). The proposed algorithm, McTwo, aims to select features associated with phenotypes, independently of each other, and achieving high classification performance of the nearest neighbor algorithm. Based on the comparative study of 17 datasets, McTwo performs about as well as or better than existing algorithms, with significantly reduced numbers of selected features. The features selected by McTwo also appear to have particular biomedical relevance to the phenotypes from the literature. CONCLUSION McTwo selects a feature subset with very good classification performance, as well as a small feature number. So McTwo may represent a complementary feature selection algorithm for the high-dimensional biomedical datasets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiquan Ge
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, and Key Lab for Health Informatics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P.R. China
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P.R. China
| | - Manli Zhou
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, and Key Lab for Health Informatics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P.R. China
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P.R. China
| | - Youxi Luo
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, and Key Lab for Health Informatics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P.R. China
- School of Science, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430068, P.R. China
| | - Qinghan Meng
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, and Key Lab for Health Informatics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P.R. China
- Shenzhen College of Advanced Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P.R. China
| | - Guoqin Mai
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, and Key Lab for Health Informatics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P.R. China
| | - Dongli Ma
- Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518026, P.R. China.
| | - Guoqing Wang
- Department of Pathogenobiology, Basic Medical College of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Fengfeng Zhou
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, and Key Lab for Health Informatics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1068 Xueyuan Avenue, Shenzhen University Town, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P.R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yang J, Zhu L, Cai Y, Suo J, Jin J. Role of downregulation of galectin-9 in the tumorigenesis of gastric cancer. Int J Oncol 2014; 45:1313-20. [PMID: 24919464 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2014.2494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-9 (Gal-9), a member of the β-galactoside-binding galectin family, plays a role in immune response, apoptosis, cell proliferation and cell death. Recent studies have shown that abnormal expression of Gal-9 is involved in certain primary cancers. The present study is the first investigation of the role of Gal-9 gene expression in clinically diagnosed primary gastric cancer tissues. Gal-9 mRNA expression was assessed in 44 clinically diagnosed frozen primary cancer tissue samples using quantitative PCR (qPCR). Analysis of the qPCR data revealed a significant reduction (>2-fold decreased) of Gal-9 gene expression in gastric cancer tissues in 77% (34/44) of patients. In patients with gastric cancer, although no statistically significant difference was found between adjacent (<2 cm away from the cancer tissue) and normal tissues (>5 cm away from the cancer tissue), a >2-fold reduction in Gal-9 expression was observed in the adjacent tissues of 34% of the patients. Compared to matched normal or adjacent tissues, the gene expression of Gal-9 was significantly decreased in tumor tissues (p<0.001). The correlation of Gal-9 expression and clinicopathological features in gastric cancer was analyzed according to the TNM classification system using AJCC stage grouping. In patients with gastric cancer, clinical staging, tumor pathological stage (pT stage), tumor cell differentiation, lymph node metastasis and survival rate were found to be associated with Gal-9 expression. However, no significant association was found between Gal-9 expression and distant metastasis (p>0.05). No significant difference was found between patients of different genders, levels of cell differentiation, distant metastasis status or different survival time of patients. Compared to normal tissues, >2-fold reduction of Tim-3 expression in gastric cancer tissues occurred in 59% of patients, but no correlation was found between Gal-9 and Tim-3 in gastric cancer. These results strongly suggest that Gal-9 is involved in tumorigenesis of gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxing Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Yong Cai
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| | - Jian Suo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, P.R. China
| | - Jingji Jin
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rogerson FM, Yao Y, Young MJ, Fuller PJ. Identification and characterization of a ligand‐selective mineralocorticoid receptor coactivator. FASEB J 2014; 28:4200-10. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-242479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yi‐Zhou Yao
- Prince Henry's Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Morag J. Young
- Prince Henry's Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| | - Peter J. Fuller
- Prince Henry's Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVictoriaAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Curtis EA, Liu DR. Discovery of widespread GTP-binding motifs in genomic DNA and RNA. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 20:521-32. [PMID: 23601641 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2013.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Biological RNAs that bind small molecules have been implicated in a variety of regulatory and catalytic processes. Inspired by these examples, we used in vitro selection to search a pool of genome-encoded RNA fragments for naturally occurring GTP aptamers. Several aptamer classes were identified, including one (the "G motif") with a G-quadruplex structure. Further analysis revealed that most RNA and DNA G-quadruplexes bind GTP. The G motif is abundant in eukaryotes, and the human genome contains ~75,000 examples with dissociation constants comparable to the GTP concentration of a eukaryotic cell (~300 μM). G-quadruplexes play roles in diverse cellular processes, and our findings raise the possibility that GTP may play a role in the function of these elements. Consistent with this possibility, the sequence requirements of several classes of regulatory G-quadruplexes parallel those of GTP binding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward A Curtis
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Heusschen R, Griffioen AW, Thijssen VL. Galectin-9 in tumor biology: a jack of multiple trades. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2013; 1836:177-85. [PMID: 23648450 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2013.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Revised: 04/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Galectin family members have been shown to exert multiple roles in the context of tumor biology. Several recent findings support a similar multi-faceted role for galectin-9. Galectin-9 expression is frequently altered in cancer as compared to normal tissues. In addition, an increasing amount of evidence suggests that galectin-9 is involved in several aspects of tumor progression, including tumor cell adhesion and survival, immune escape and angiogenesis. Also, galectin-9 shows potential as a prognostic marker and a therapeutic target for several malignancies. In this review we summarize both the established and the emerging roles of galectin-9 in tumor biology and discuss the potential application of galectin-9 in anti-cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roy Heusschen
- Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
A two-phase case-control study for colorectal cancer genetic susceptibility: candidate genes from chromosomal regions 9q22 and 3q22. Br J Cancer 2011; 105:870-5. [PMID: 21811255 PMCID: PMC3171011 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2011.296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second cause of cancer-related death in the Western world. Much of the CRC genetic risk remains unidentified and may be attributable to a large number of common, low-penetrance genetic variants. Genetic linkage studies in CRC families have reported additional association with regions 9q22–31, 3q21–24, 7q31, 11q, 14q and 22q. There are several plausible candidate genes for CRC susceptibility within the aforementioned linkage regions including PTCH1, XPA and TGFBR1 in 9q22–31, and EPHB1 and MRAS in 3q21–q24. Methods: CRC cases and matched controls were from EPICOLON, a prospective, multicentre, nationwide Spanish initiative, composed of two independent phases. Phase 1 corresponded to 515 CRC cases and 515 controls, whereas phase 2 consisted of 901 CRC cases and 909 controls. Genotyping was performed for 172 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 84 genes located within regions 9q22–31 and 3q21–q24. Results: None of the 172 SNPs analysed in our study could be formally associated with CRC risk. However, rs1444601 (TOPBP1) and rs13088006 (CDV3) in region 3q22 showed interesting results and may have an effect on CRC risk. Conclusions: TOPBP1 and CDV3 genetic variants on region 3q22 may modulate CRC risk. Further validation and meta-analysis should be undertaken in larger CRC cohorts.
Collapse
|
17
|
Overexpression of Bax inhibitor-1 (BI-1) induces cell transformation in NIH3T3 cells. Cell Biol Int 2011; 34:1099-104. [PMID: 20597862 DOI: 10.1042/cbi20090400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BI-1 (Bax inhibitor-1), an apoptosis-inhibiting gene belonging to the Bcl-2 protein family, plays an important role in mitochondrial apoptosis pathway to suppress Bax-induced apoptosis. To investigate the potential role of BI-1 in promoting cell growth and tumorigenesis, in the present study we overexpressed the BI-1 gene in NIH3T3 cells using the lentivirus-mediated gene expression system. Our in vitro studies showed that NIH3T3 cells overexpressing BI-1 displayed a significantly higher growth rate and formed more and larger colonies than the control cells. In addition, our in vivo studies indicated that the lenti-BI-1-infected cells formed obvious tumours, while no tumours were formed by the control cells after subcutaneously injected into nude mice. These results strongly suggested that the BI-1 gene might play a crucial role in neoplastic genesis and development.
Collapse
|
18
|
Tu C, Tropea JE, Austin BP, Court DL, Waugh DS, Ji X. Structural basis for binding of RNA and cofactor by a KsgA methyltransferase. Structure 2009; 17:374-85. [PMID: 19278652 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2009.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2008] [Revised: 12/23/2008] [Accepted: 01/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Among methyltransferases, KsgA and the reaction it catalyzes are conserved throughout evolution. However, the specifics of substrate recognition by the enzyme remain unknown. Here we report structures of Aquifex aeolicus KsgA, in its ligand-free form, in complex with RNA, and in complex with both RNA and S-adenosylhomocysteine (SAH, reaction product of cofactor S-adenosylmethionine), revealing critical structural information on KsgA-RNA and KsgA-SAH interactions. Moreover, the structures show how conformational changes that occur upon RNA binding create the cofactor-binding site. There are nine conserved functional motifs (motifs I-VIII and X) in KsgA. Prior to RNA binding, motifs I and VIII are flexible, each exhibiting two distinct conformations. Upon RNA binding, the two motifs become stabilized in one of these conformations, which is compatible with the binding of SAH. Motif X, which is also stabilized upon RNA binding, is directly involved in the binding of SAH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Tu
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Kemmer D, Podowski RM, Yusuf D, Brumm J, Cheung W, Wahlestedt C, Lenhard B, Wasserman WW. Gene characterization index: assessing the depth of gene annotation. PLoS One 2008; 3:e1440. [PMID: 18213364 PMCID: PMC2194620 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2007] [Accepted: 12/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background We introduce the Gene Characterization Index, a bioinformatics method for scoring the extent to which a protein-encoding gene is functionally described. Inherently a reflection of human perception, the Gene Characterization Index is applied for assessing the characterization status of individual genes, thus serving the advancement of both genome annotation and applied genomics research by rapid and unbiased identification of groups of uncharacterized genes for diverse applications such as directed functional studies and delineation of novel drug targets. Methodology/Principal Findings The scoring procedure is based on a global survey of researchers, who assigned characterization scores from 1 (poor) to 10 (extensive) for a sample of genes based on major online resources. By evaluating the survey as training data, we developed a bioinformatics procedure to assign gene characterization scores to all genes in the human genome. We analyzed snapshots of functional genome annotation over a period of 6 years to assess temporal changes reflected by the increase of the average Gene Characterization Index. Applying the Gene Characterization Index to genes within pharmaceutically relevant classes, we confirmed known drug targets as high-scoring genes and revealed potentially interesting novel targets with low characterization indexes. Removing known drug targets and genes linked to sequence-related patent filings from the entirety of indexed genes, we identified sets of low-scoring genes particularly suited for further experimental investigation. Conclusions/Significance The Gene Characterization Index is intended to serve as a tool to the scientific community and granting agencies for focusing resources and efforts on unexplored areas of the genome. The Gene Characterization Index is available from http://cisreg.ca/gci/.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Kemmer
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Raf M. Podowski
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Dimas Yusuf
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jochen Brumm
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Statistics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Warren Cheung
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Claes Wahlestedt
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Molecular and Integrative Neurosciences Department, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, United States of America
| | - Boris Lenhard
- Center for Genomics and Bioinformatics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Computational Biology Unit, Bergen Center for Computational Science, Sars International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, Unifob AS, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Wyeth W. Wasserman
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Child and Family Research Institute, Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|