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Nagy N, Hádinger N, Tóth O, Rácz GA, Pintér T, Gál Z, Urbán M, Gócza E, Hiripi L, Acsády L, Vértessy BG. Characterization of dUTPase expression in mouse postnatal development and adult neurogenesis. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13139. [PMID: 38849394 PMCID: PMC11161619 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63405-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The enzyme dUTPase has an essential role in maintaining genomic integrity. In mouse, nuclear and mitochondrial isoforms of the enzyme have been described. Here we present the isoform-specific mRNA expression levels in different murine organs during development using RT-qPCR. In this study, we analyzed organs of 14.5-day embryos and of postnatal 2-, 4-, 10-week- and 13-month-old mice. We demonstrate organ-, sex- and developmental stage-specific differences in the mRNA expression levels of both isoforms. We found high mRNA expression level of the nuclear isoform in the embryo brain, and the expression level remained relatively high in the adult brain as well. This was surprising, since dUTPase is known to play an important role in proliferating cells, and mass production of neural cells is completed by adulthood. Thus, we investigated the pattern of the dUTPase protein expression specifically in the adult brain with immunostaining and found that dUTPase is present in the germinative zones, the subventricular and the subgranular zones, where neurogenesis occurs and in the rostral migratory stream where neuroblasts migrate to the olfactory bulb. These novel findings suggest that dUTPase may have a role in cell differentiation and indicate that accurate dTTP biosynthesis can be vital, especially in neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolett Nagy
- Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/C, 1117, Budapest, Hungary.
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, HUN-REN, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Nóra Hádinger
- Laboratory of Thalamus Research, Institute of Experimental Medicine, HUN-REN, Szigony utca 43, 1083, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Otília Tóth
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, HUN-REN, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, BME Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, 1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Attila Rácz
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, HUN-REN, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, BME Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, 1111, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tímea Pintér
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Szent-Györgyi Albert utca 4, 2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Gál
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Szent-Györgyi Albert utca 4, 2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Martin Urbán
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Szent-Györgyi Albert utca 4, 2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Elen Gócza
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Szent-Györgyi Albert utca 4, 2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - László Hiripi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Szent-Györgyi Albert utca 4, 2100, Gödöllő, Hungary
- Laboratory Animal Science Coordination Center, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Acsády
- Laboratory of Thalamus Research, Institute of Experimental Medicine, HUN-REN, Szigony utca 43, 1083, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta G Vértessy
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, HUN-REN, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary.
- Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology, BME Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Műegyetem rkp. 3, 1111, Budapest, Hungary.
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Hildyard JC, Wells DJ, Piercy RJ. Identification of qPCR reference genes suitable for normalising gene expression in the developing mouse embryo. Wellcome Open Res 2022; 6:197. [PMID: 35509373 PMCID: PMC9024131 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16972.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Progression through mammalian embryogenesis involves many interacting cell types and multiple differentiating cell lineages. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis of gene expression in the developing embryo is a valuable tool for deciphering these processes, but normalisation to stably-expressed reference genes is essential for such analyses. Gene expression patterns change globally and dramatically as embryonic development proceeds, rendering identification of consistently appropriate reference genes challenging. Methods: We have investigated expression stability in mouse embryos from mid to late gestation (E11.5-E18.5), both at the whole-embryo level, and within the head and forelimb specifically, using 15 candidate reference genes ( ACTB, 18S, SDHA, GAPDH, HTATSF1, CDC40, RPL13A, CSNK2A2, AP3D1, HPRT1, CYC1, EIF4A, UBC, B2M and PAK1IP1), and four complementary algorithms (geNorm, Normfinder, Bestkeeper and deltaCt). Results: Unexpectedly, all methods suggest that many genes within our candidate panel are acceptable references, though AP3D1, RPL13A and PAK1IP1 are the strongest performing genes overall (scoring highly in whole embryos, heads or forelimbs alone, and in all samples collectively). HPRT1 and B2M are conversely poor choices, and show strong developmental regulation. We further show that normalisation using our three highest-scoring references can reveal subtle patterns of developmental expression even in genes ostensibly ranked as acceptably stable ( CDC40, HTATSF1). Conclusion: AP3D1, RPL13A and PAK1IP1 represent universally suitable reference genes for expression studies in the E11.5-E18.5 mouse embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C.W. Hildyard
- Comparative Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, London, NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Dominic J. Wells
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, London, NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Richard J. Piercy
- Comparative Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, London, NW1 0TU, UK
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Hildyard JC, Wells DJ, Piercy RJ. Identification of qPCR reference genes suitable for normalising gene expression in the developing mouse embryo. Wellcome Open Res 2022; 6:197. [PMID: 35509373 PMCID: PMC9024131 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16972.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Progression through mammalian embryogenesis involves many interacting cell types and multiple differentiating cell lineages. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analysis of gene expression in the developing embryo is a valuable tool for deciphering these processes, but normalisation to stably-expressed reference genes is essential for such analyses. Gene expression patterns change globally and dramatically as embryonic development proceeds, rendering identification of consistently appropriate reference genes challenging. Methods: We have investigated expression stability in mouse embryos from mid to late gestation (E11.5–E18.5), both at the whole-embryo level, and within the head and forelimb specifically, using 15 candidate reference genes (
ACTB, 18S, SDHA, GAPDH, HTATSF1, CDC40, RPL13A, CSNK2A2, AP3D1, HPRT1, CYC1, EIF4A, UBC, B2M and
PAK1IP1), and four complementary algorithms (geNorm, Normfinder, Bestkeeper and deltaCt). Results: Unexpectedly, all methods suggest that many genes within our candidate panel are acceptable references, though
AP3D1,
RPL13A and
PAK1IP1 are the strongest performing genes overall (scoring highly in whole embryos, heads or forelimbs alone, and in all samples collectively).
HPRT1 and
B2M are conversely poor choices, and show strong developmental regulation. We further show that normalisation using our three highest-scoring references can reveal subtle patterns of developmental expression even in genes ostensibly ranked as acceptably stable (
CDC40,
HTATSF1). Conclusion:
AP3D1,
RPL13A and
PAK1IP1 represent universally suitable reference genes for expression studies in the E11.5-E18.5 mouse embryo.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C.W. Hildyard
- Comparative Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, London, NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Dominic J. Wells
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, London, London, NW1 0TU, UK
| | - Richard J. Piercy
- Comparative Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Clinical Science and Services, Royal Veterinary College, London, NW1 0TU, UK
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