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Zedan AH, Hansen TF, Assenholt J, Madsen JS, Osther PJS. Circulating miRNAs in localized/locally advanced prostate cancer patients after radical prostatectomy and radiotherapy. Prostate 2019; 79:425-432. [PMID: 30537232 PMCID: PMC6587522 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overtreatment is a well-known clinical challenge in local prostate cancer (PCa). Although risk assessment models have contributed to a better stratification of patients with local PCa, a tailored management is still in its infancy. Over the last few decades, microRNAs (miRNAs) have shown promising results as biomarkers in PCa. The aim of this study was to investigate circulating miRNAs after management of local PCa. METHODS The relative expression of four miRNAs (miRNA-21, -93, -125b, and miRNA-221) was assessed in plasma from 149 newly diagnosed patients with local or locally advanced PCa. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used for analysis. A baseline sample at time of diagnosis and a follow-up sample after 6 months were assessed. The patients were grouped in an interventional cohort (radical prostatectomy, curative intent radiotherapy, or androgen-deprivation therapy alone) and an observational cohort (watchful waiting or active surveillance). RESULTS In the interventional cohort, levels of both miRNA-93 and miRNA-221 were significantly lower in the follow-up samples compared to baseline z = -2.738, P = 0.006, and z = -4.498, P < 0.001, respectively. The same observation was recorded for miRNA-125b in the observational cohort (z = -2.656, P = 0.008). Both miRNA-125b and miRNA-221 were correlated with risk assessment r = 0.23, P = 0.015, and r = 0.203, P = 0.016 respectively, while miRNA-93 showed tendency to significant correlation with the prostatectomy Gleason score (r = 0.276, P = 0.0576). CONCLUSIONS The current results indicate a possible role of miRNA-93 and miRNA-221 in disease monitoring in localized and locally advanced PCa. Larger studies are warranted to assess the clinical impact of these biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed H. Zedan
- Urological Research CentreDepartment of UrologyVejle HospitalVejleDenmark
- Department of OncologyVejle HospitalVejleDenmark
- Institute of Regional Health ResearchUniversity of Southern DenmarkVejleDenmark
| | - Torben F. Hansen
- Department of OncologyVejle HospitalVejleDenmark
- Institute of Regional Health ResearchUniversity of Southern DenmarkVejleDenmark
| | - Jannie Assenholt
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical ImmunologyVejle HospitalVejleDenmark
| | - Jonna S. Madsen
- Institute of Regional Health ResearchUniversity of Southern DenmarkVejleDenmark
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical ImmunologyVejle HospitalVejleDenmark
| | - Palle J. S. Osther
- Urological Research CentreDepartment of UrologyVejle HospitalVejleDenmark
- Institute of Regional Health ResearchUniversity of Southern DenmarkVejleDenmark
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2
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Zabalza CV, Adam M, Burdelski C, Wilczak W, Wittmer C, Kraft S, Krech T, Steurer S, Koop C, Hube-Magg C, Graefen M, Heinzer H, Minner S, Simon R, Sauter G, Schlomm T, Tsourlakis MC. HOXB13 overexpression is an independent predictor of early PSA recurrence in prostate cancer treated by radical prostatectomy. Oncotarget 2016; 6:12822-34. [PMID: 25825985 PMCID: PMC4494977 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
HOXB13 is a prostate cancer susceptibility gene which shows a cancer predisposing (G84E) mutation in 0.1–0.6% of males. We analyzed the prognostic impact of HOXB13 expression by immunohistochemistry on a tissue microarray containing more than 12,400 prostate cancers. Results were compared to tumor phenotype, biochemical recurrence, androgen receptor (AR) and prostate specific antigen (PSA) as well as molecular subtypes defined by ERG status and genomic deletions of 3p, 5q, 6q, and PTEN. HOXB13 immunostaining was detectable in 51.7% of 10,216 interpretable cancers and considered strong in 9.6%, moderate in 19.7% and weak in 22.3% of cases. HOXB13 expression was linked to advanced pT stage, high Gleason grade, positive lymph node status (p < 0.0001 each), high pre-operative PSA levels (p = 0.01), TMPRSS2:ERG fusion, PTEN deletions, AR expression, cell proliferation, reduced PSA expression and early PSA recurrence (p < 0.0001 each). The prognostic value of HOXB13 was independent from established parameters including Gleason, stage, nodal stage and PSA. Co-expression analysis identified a subset of tumors with high HOXB13 and AR but low PSA expression that had a particularly poor prognosis. HOXB13 appears to be a promising candidate for clinical routine tests either alone or in combination with other markers, including AR and PSA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meike Adam
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Christoph Burdelski
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Waldemar Wilczak
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Corina Wittmer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Kraft
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Till Krech
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Christina Koop
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Claudia Hube-Magg
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Markus Graefen
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Hans Heinzer
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schlomm
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.,Department of Urology, Section for Translational Prostate Cancer Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany
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3
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Boström PJ, Bjartell AS, Catto JWF, Eggener SE, Lilja H, Loeb S, Schalken J, Schlomm T, Cooperberg MR. Genomic Predictors of Outcome in Prostate Cancer. Eur Urol 2015; 68:1033-44. [PMID: 25913390 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Given the highly variable behavior and clinical course of prostate cancer (PCa) and the multiple available treatment options, a personalized approach to oncologic risk stratification is important. Novel genetic approaches offer additional information to improve clinical decision making. OBJECTIVE To review the use of genomic biomarkers in the prognostication of PCa outcome and prediction of therapeutic response. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Systematic literature review focused on human clinical studies reporting outcome measures with external validation. The literature search included all Medline, Embase, and Scopus articles from inception through July 2014. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS An improved understanding of the genetic basis of prostate carcinogenesis has produced an increasing number of potential prognostic and predictive tools, such as transmembrane protease, serine2:v-ets avian erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog (TMPRSS2:ERG) gene fusion status, loss of the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) gene, and gene expression signatures utilizing messenger RNA from tumor tissue. Several commercially available gene panels with external validation are now available, although most have yet to be widely used. The most studied commercially available gene panels, Prolaris, Oncotype DX Genomic Prostate Score, and Decipher, may be used to estimate disease outcome in addition to clinical parameters or clinical nomograms. ConfirmMDx is an epigenetic test used to predict the results of repeat prostate biopsy after an initial negative biopsy. Additional future strategies include using genetic information from circulating tumor cells in the peripheral blood to guide treatment decisions at the initial diagnosis and at subsequent decision points. CONCLUSIONS Major advances have been made in our understanding of PCa biology in recent years. Our field is currently exploring the early stages of a personalized approach to augment traditional clinical decision making using commercially available genomic tools. A more comprehensive appreciation of value, limitations, and cost is important. PATIENT SUMMARY We summarized current advances in genomic testing in prostate cancer with a special focus on the estimation of disease outcome. Several commercial tests are currently available, but further understanding is needed to appreciate the potential benefits and limitations of these novel tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Boström
- Department of Urology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
| | - Anders S Bjartell
- Department of Urology, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, Lund University, Lund Sweden
| | - James W F Catto
- Academic Urology Unit, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Hans Lilja
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine, Surgery (Urology), and Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Institute of Biomedical Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Stacy Loeb
- Department of Urology and Population Health, New York University and Manhattan Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jack Schalken
- Department of Urology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - Thorsten Schlomm
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matthew R Cooperberg
- Departments of Urology and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, UCSF Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
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4
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Saccharomyces cerevisiae–like 1 overexpression is frequent in prostate cancer and has markedly different effects in Ets-related gene fusion–positive and fusion-negative cancers. Hum Pathol 2015; 46:514-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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5
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CD57 expression in incidental, clinically manifest, and metastatic carcinoma of the prostate. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:356427. [PMID: 24977150 PMCID: PMC4054917 DOI: 10.1155/2014/356427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES CD57 is normally found on NK-cells, but little is known about its expression in prostatic tissue. METHODS We investigated CD57 expression by immunohistochemistry using tissue microarrays containing 3262 prostate cancers (PCa), lymph node metastases, and benign prostatic tissue. The results were compared with clinical and pathological parameters. RESULTS Overall, 87% of PCa showed a moderate or strong expression of CD57. There was no significant difference to corresponding benign prostatic tissue. CD57 was increasingly lost from incidental over clinically manifest cancers to metastases. It correlated significantly with Gleason grade and pT-category, but not with PSA tissue expression. Loss of CD57 expression was an independent risk factor for PSA recurrence after prostatectomy in a multivariate Cox regression analysis. In standard sections, CD57 expression was heterogeneous, especially in large, high-grade PCa. CONCLUSIONS There is a peculiar expression of CD57 in PCa and benign prostatic tissue. CD57 loss is associated with tumor dedifferentiation and tumor size. However, the use of this marker for prognostic purposes is hampered by its heterogeneous expression.
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6
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Delbue S, Ferrante P, Provenzano M. Polyomavirus BK and prostate cancer: an unworthy scientific effort? Oncoscience 2014; 1:296-303. [PMID: 25594022 PMCID: PMC4278296 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The Polyomavirus BK (BKV) has been proposed to be one of the possible co-factors in the genesis of prostate cancer (PCa) but, so far, the only convincing suggestion is the hypothesis of a “hit and run” carcinogenic mechanism induced by the virus at early stages of this disease. To support this hypothesis we conducted an updated systematic review on previous studies regarding the association between BKV and PCa, in order to interpret the contrasting results and to explore whether there might be a significant virus-disease link. This updated analysis provides evidence for a significant link between BKV expression and PCa development, particularly between the BKV infection and the cancer risk. Forthcoming scientific efforts that take cue from this study might overcome the atavistic and fruitless debate regarding the BKV-PCa association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Delbue
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milano, Italy
| | - Pasquale Ferrante
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milano, Italy
| | - Maurizio Provenzano
- Oncology Unit, Division of Urology, University Hospital of Zurich, Switzerland
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7
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Burdelski C, Matuszewska A, Kluth M, Koop C, Grupp K, Steurer S, Wittmer C, Minner S, Tsourlakis MC, Sauter G, Schlomm T, Simon R. Qualitative and Quantitative Requirements for Assessing Prognostic Markers in Prostate Cancer. MICROARRAYS 2014; 3:137-58. [PMID: 27600340 PMCID: PMC5003445 DOI: 10.3390/microarrays3020137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 03/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Molecular prognostic markers are urgently needed in order to improve therapy decisions in prostate cancer. To better understand the requirements for biomarker studies, we re-analyzed prostate cancer tissue microarray immunohistochemistry (IHC) data from 39 prognosis markers in subsets of 50 - >10,000 tumors. We found a strong association between the "prognostic power" of individual markers and the number of tissues that should be minimally included in such studies. The prognostic relevance of more than 90% of the 39 IHC markers could be detected if ≥6400 tissue samples were analyzed. Studying markers of tissue quality, including immunohistochemistry of ets-related gene (ERG) and vimentin, and fluorescence in-situ hybridization analysis of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), we found that 18% of tissues in our tissue microarray (TMA) showed signs of reduced tissue preservation and limited immunoreactivity. Comparing the results of Kaplan-Meier survival analyses or associations to ERG immunohistochemistry in subsets of tumors with and without exclusion of these defective tissues did not reveal statistically relevant differences. In summary, our study demonstrates that TMA-based marker validation studies using biochemical recurrence as an endpoint require at least 6400 individual tissue samples for establishing statistically relevant associations between the expression of molecular markers and patient outcome if weak to moderate prognosticators should also be reliably identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Burdelski
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Aleksandra Matuszewska
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Martina Kluth
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Christina Koop
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Katharina Grupp
- General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery Department and Clinic, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Stefan Steurer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Corinna Wittmer
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Sarah Minner
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Maria Christina Tsourlakis
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Guido Sauter
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Thorsten Schlomm
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
- Department of Urology, Section for Translational Prostate Cancer Research, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Ronald Simon
- Institute of Pathology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
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8
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Hartmann A, Schlomm T, Bertz S, Heinzelmann J, Hölters S, Simon R, Stoehr R, Junker K. [Prognostic and predictive molecular markers for urologic cancers]. Urologe A 2014; 53:491-500. [PMID: 24700189 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-014-3442-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Molecular prognostic factors and genetic alterations as predictive markers for cancer-specific targeted therapies are used today in the clinic for many malignancies. In recent years, many molecular markers for urogenital cancers have also been identified. However, these markers are not clinically used yet. In prostate cancer, novel next-generation sequencing methods revealed a detailed picture of the molecular changes. There is growing evidence that a combination of classical histopathological and validated molecular markers could lead to a more precise estimation of prognosis, thus, resulting in an increasing number of patients with active surveillance as a possible treatment option. In patients with urothelial carcinoma, histopathological factors but also the proliferation of the tumor, mutations in oncogenes leading to an increasing proliferation rate and changes in genes responsible for invasion and metastasis are important. In addition, gene expression profiles which could distinguish aggressive tumors with high risk of metastasis from nonmetastasizing tumors have been recently identified. In the future, this could potentially allow better selection of patients needing systemic perioperative treatment. In renal cell carcinoma, many molecular markers that are associated with metastasis and survival have been identified. Some of these markers were also validated as independent prognostic markers. Selection of patients with primarily organ-confined tumors and increased risk of metastasis for adjuvant systemic therapy could be clinically relevant in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hartmann
- Institut für Pathologie, Universität Erlangen, Erlangen, Deutschland
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9
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High Nr-CAM expression is associated with favorable phenotype and late PSA recurrence in prostate cancer treated by prostatectomy. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 2013; 16:159-64. [DOI: 10.1038/pcan.2012.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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10
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Laser-capture microdissection and transcriptional profiling in archival FFPE tissue in prostate cancer. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 755:291-300. [PMID: 21761313 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-163-5_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Prognostic markers can improve prediction of the behaviour of a cancer at the point of diagnosis. A key value of any prognostic marker is at the point of tumour diagnosis. In the context of prostate cancer, this implies profiling in the diagnostic formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) transrectal ultrasound-guided (TRUS) needle biopsy. TRUS needle biopsies commonly contain both stromal and epithelial cells, and malignant glands are found as isolated foci within this tissue. Using the entire biopsy for genetic analysis inevitably results in a significant contamination of malignant cells with benign tissue. This combination of minimal tumour yields and tissue heterogeneity have so far prohibited prognostic transcript and microarray molecular studies in needle biopsies. Laser-capture microdissection (LCM) allows enriched cell populations to be accurately isolated from heterogeneous tissue, hence facilitating analysis of different components from a single tissue sample. Here, we describe its use in isolating tumour cells in archival FFPE prostate needle biopsies and subsequent application for RNA extraction and quantitative real-time PCR (QPCR).
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11
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Prognostic factors in prostate cancer. Key elements in structured histopathology reporting of radical prostatectomy specimens. Pathology 2011; 43:410-9. [DOI: 10.1097/pat.0b013e328348a6b3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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12
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Brase JC, Johannes M, Schlomm T, Fälth M, Haese A, Steuber T, Beissbarth T, Kuner R, Sültmann H. Circulating miRNAs are correlated with tumor progression in prostate cancer. Int J Cancer 2011; 128:608-16. [PMID: 20473869 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.25376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 442] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Circulating miRNAs have recently been indicated as practicable and promising biomarkers for noninvasive diagnosis in various tumor entities. However, cell-free miRNAs have not been found to correlate with clinicopathological variables in epithelial carcinomas. To learn more about the potential clinical relevance of circulating miRNAs in prostate cancer, we screened 667 miRNAs in serum samples from patients with metastatic (n = 7) and localized prostate cancer (n = 14). Various miRNAs were highly abundant in the sera of patients with metastatic disease, and five upregulated miRNAs (miRNA-375, miRNA-9*, miRNA-141, miRNA-200b and miRNA-516a-3p) were selected for further validation. In the first validation study (n = 45), selected miRNAs were analyzed in a prospectively collected serum set taken from different prostate cancer risk groups. Most of the selected miRNAs were significantly correlated with adverse risk factors when different clinicopathological variables were analyzed. Circulating miRNA-375 and miRNA-141 turned out to be the most pronounced markers for high-risk tumors. Their levels also correlated with high Gleason score or lymph-node positive status in a second independent validation study (n = 71). In addition, the expression levels of miRNA-375 and miRNA-141 were monitored in 72 prostate tissue samples (36 tumor vs. 36 benign). Both miRNAs were highly expressed in all samples and significantly upregulated in the tumors compared to normal tissues. Overall, our observations suggest that miRNA-375 and miRNA-141 expression is enhanced in prostate cancer specimens and their release into the blood is further associated with advanced cancer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan C Brase
- Division of Molecular Genome Analysis, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.
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13
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Schlomm T, Chun FK, Erbersdobler A. From gene to clinic: TMA-based clinical validation of molecular markers in prostate cancer. Methods Mol Biol 2010; 664:177-89. [PMID: 20690063 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-60761-806-5_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Current high-throughput screening techniques using DNA arrays have identified hundreds of new candidate biomarkers for diagnosis and risk prediction of prostate cancer. Large-scale analysis of clinical prostate cancer specimens is a key prerequisite for the validation of these genes. We have constructed a tissue microarray from more than 2,500 prostate cancers with full histo-pathological and clinical long-term follow-up data and analyzed expression and gene copy number patterns of 16 different candidate markers for their ability to predict prostate cancer progression and patient prognosis. The best candidates were used to extend established clinical prediction tools (nomograms) that were based on nonmolecular data only, such as prostate-specific antigene (PSA), clinical stage, and histological grading (Gleason grade). Using this approach, we could identify ANXA3 as an independent marker, which was capable of increasing the accuracy of the clinical nomogram, thereby fulfilling the criteria of a novel prognostic prostate cancer marker. This approach of integrating large-scale clinical and molecular variables may provide a new paradigm for the use of molecular profiling to predict the clinical outcome in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thorsten Schlomm
- Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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14
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El Gammal AT, Brüchmann M, Zustin J, Isbarn H, Hellwinkel OJC, Köllermann J, Sauter G, Simon R, Wilczak W, Schwarz J, Bokemeyer C, Brümmendorf TH, Izbicki JR, Yekebas E, Fisch M, Huland H, Graefen M, Schlomm T. Chromosome 8p deletions and 8q gains are associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis in prostate cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 16:56-64. [PMID: 20028754 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-1423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Deletions of 8p and gains of 8q belong to the most frequent cytogenetic alterations in prostate cancer. The target genes of these alterations and their biological significance are unknown. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN To determine the relationship between chromosome 8 changes, and prostate cancer phenotype and prognosis, a set of 1.954 fully annotated prostate cancers were analyzed in a tissue microarray format by fluorescence in situ hybridization. RESULTS Both 8p deletions and 8q gains increased in number during different stages of prostate cancer progression. 8p deletions/8q gains were found in 26.1%/4.8% of 1,239 pT(2) cancers, 38.5%/9.8% of 379 pT(3a) cancers, 43.5%/8.9% of 237 pT(3b) cancers, 40.7%/14.8% of 27 pT(4) cancers, 39.1%/34.8% of 23 nodal metastases, 51.9%/33.3% of 27 bone metastases, and 45.5%/59.9% of 22 hormone refractory cancers (P < 0.0001 each). Both 8p deletions and 8q gains were also significantly associated with high Gleason grade and with each other (P < 0.0001 each). In primary tumors, 8p deletions were seen in only 27.3% of 1,882 cancers without 8q gain but in 57.4% of 122 tumors with 8q gain (P < 0.0001). Among cancers treated with radical prostatectomy, 8p deletions (P = 0.003) and 8q gains (P = 0.02) were associated with biochemical tumor recurrence. However, multivariate analysis (including prostate-specific antigen, pT/pN stage, Gleason score, and surgical margin status) did not reveal any statistically independent effect of 8p or 8q alterations on biochemical tumor recurrence. CONCLUSIONS 8p deletions and 8q gains are relatively rare in early stage prostate cancer but often develop during tumor progression. The prognostic effect does not seem to be strong enough to warrant clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander T El Gammal
- Departments of Gynecology, Institute of Pathology, Martini-Clinic, Prostate Cancer Center, University Medical Center, Hamburg, Germany
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15
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Schlomm T, Sültmann H, Köllermann J. [Identification and validation of clinically relevant molecular alterations in prostate cancer]. DER PATHOLOGE 2009; 30:111-6. [PMID: 19139898 DOI: 10.1007/s00292-008-1113-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Significant cellular alterations required for the development and progression of cancers are detectable at the molecular level and represent potential targets for gene-specific therapies. Modern chip techniques allow the parallel analysis of virtually all known human genes and proteins in a single experiment. Using modern high-throughput techniques, numerous potential new biomarkers for the diagnosis and prediction of prostate cancer have been identified. However, so far none of these markers has improved clinical practice. One of the most important challenges in the coming years is the extensive clinical validation of molecular data using clinically relevant end points. For this venture the pivotal prerequisite is the availability of large, comprehensively annotated and standardized high-quality bioresources.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Schlomm
- Martini-Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Deutschland.
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16
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[Identification and validation of clinically relevant molecular alterations in prostate cancer]. Urologe A 2008; 47:1193-8. [PMID: 18712514 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-008-1834-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Significant cellular alterations required for the development and progression of cancers are detectable at the molecular level and represent potential targets for gene-specific therapies. Modern chip techniques allow the parallel analysis of virtually all known human genes and proteins in a single experiment. Using modern high-throughput techniques, numerous potential new biomarkers for the diagnosis and prediction of prostate cancer have been identified. However, so far none of these markers has improved clinical practice. One of the most important challenges in the coming years is the extensive clinical validation of molecular data using clinically relevant end points. For this venture the pivotal prerequisite is the availability of large, comprehensively annotated and standardized high-quality bioresources.
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Sirintrapun SJ, Parwani AV. Molecular Pathology of the Genitourinary Tract: Prostate and Bladder. Surg Pathol Clin 2008; 1:211-36. [PMID: 26837907 DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2008.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The knowledge of cellular mechanisms in tumors of the prostate and bladder has grown exponentially. Molecular technologies have led to the discovery of TMPRSS2 in prostate cancer and the molecular pathways distinguishing low- and high-grade urothelial neoplasms. UroVysion with fluorescence in situ hybridization is already commonplace as an adjunct to cytologic diagnosis of urothelial neoplasms. This trend portends the future in which classification and diagnosis of tumors of the prostate and bladder through morphologic analysis will be supplemented by molecular information correlating with prognosis and targeted therapy. This article outlines tumor molecular pathology of the prostate and bladder encompassing current genomic, epigenomic, and proteonomic findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Joseph Sirintrapun
- Pathology Informatics, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anil V Parwani
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Shadyside Hospital, Room WG 07, 5230 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15232, USA.
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Bibliography. Current world literature. Adrenal cortex. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2008; 15:284-299. [PMID: 18438178 DOI: 10.1097/med.0b013e3283040e80] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Rogerson L, Darby S, Jabbar T, Mathers ME, Leung HY, Robson CN, Sahadevan K, O'Toole K, Gnanapragasam VJ. Application of transcript profiling in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded diagnostic prostate cancer needle biopsies. BJU Int 2008; 102:364-70. [PMID: 18410440 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.2008.07627.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the feasibility of transcript profiling in diagnostic formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded (FFPE) biopsies for prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Laser-capture microdissection (LCM) was used to microdissect glandular epithelium as well as stromal tissue in archival prostate needle biopsies. Optimized RNA extraction, reverse transcription and real-time PCR (QPCR) protocols were used to detect transcript expression. RNA degradation effects were assessed using hydrolysed cell line RNA and matched xenograft FFPE and frozen tumours. RESULTS LCM and RNA extraction was achieved in all biopsies from a pilot cohort of five patients. cDNA produced was successfully used to detect expression of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, RPL13, prostate-specific antigen, vimentin, inhibitor of differentiation/DNA binding 1 (Id-1) and polycomb group protein enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) transcripts. In the cell line and xenograft models, we investigated the effect of RNA degradation on transcript quantification by QPCR. In both models normalization of transcript quantity with a housekeeping gene resulted in restored expression in all degraded samples to within a 50% difference of control samples. Using an extended cohort of 29 biopsies, we tested application in detecting differences in EZH2 and Id-1 expression between malignant and benign epithelium. The results confirmed that our technique was capable of quantifying significant differences in expression between malignant and benign epithelium consistent with the reported trends. CONCLUSION This study reports the use of standard FFPE needle biopsies for transcript profiling and supports the concept of molecular prognostic studies in tissue acquired at diagnosis in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynsey Rogerson
- Nothern Institute for Cancer Research, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Schlomm T, Sültmann H, Poustka A, Sauter G, Hellwinkel OJC, Huland H. [Molecular high throughput research in prostate carcinoma]. Urologe A 2008; 46:1097-100. [PMID: 17628772 DOI: 10.1007/s00120-007-1440-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Schlomm
- Martini-Klinik am UKE, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, Gebäude O46, 20246 Hamburg.
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