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Stocco E, Belluzzi E, Contran M, Boscolo-Berto R, Picardi E, Guidolin D, Fontanella CG, Olivotto E, Filardo G, Borile G, Romanato F, Ramonda R, Ruggieri P, Favero M, Porzionato A, De Caro R, Macchi V. Age-Dependent Remodeling in Infrapatellar Fat Pad Adipocytes and Extracellular Matrix: A Comparative Study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:661403. [PMID: 34041253 PMCID: PMC8141643 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.661403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The infrapatellar fat pad (IFP) is actively involved in knee osteoarthritis (OA). However, a proper description of which developmental modifications occur in the IFP along with age and in absence of joint pathological conditions, is required to adequately describe its actual contribution in OA pathophysiology. Here, two IFP sources were compared: (a) IFP from healthy young patients undergoing anterior-cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction for ACL rupture (n = 24); (b) IFP from elderly cadaver donors (n = 23). After histopathological score assignment to confirm the absence of inflammatory features (i.e., inflammatory infiltrate and increased vascularity), the adipocytes morphology was determined; moreover, extracellular matrix proteins were studied through histology and Second Harmonic Generation approach, to determine collagens content and orientation by Fast Fourier Transform and OrientationJ. The two groups were matched for body mass index. No inflammatory signs were observed, while higher area, perimeter, and equivalent diameter and volume were detected for the adipocytes in the elderly group. Collagen III displayed higher values in the young group and a lower total collagen deposition with aging was identified. However, collagen I/III ratio and the global architecture of the samples were not affected. A higher content in elastic fibers was observed around the adipocytes for the ACL-IFPs and in the septa cadaver donor-IFPs, respectively. Age affects the characteristics of the IFP tissue also in absence of a pathological condition. Variable mechanical stimulation, depending on age-related different mobility, could be speculated to exert a role in tissue remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Stocco
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria, Padova, Italy
| | - Elisa Belluzzi
- Orthopedic and Traumatologic Clinic, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Musculoskeletal Pathology and Oncology Laboratory, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Martina Contran
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Rafael Boscolo-Berto
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Edgardo Picardi
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Diego Guidolin
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Giulia Fontanella
- Centre for Mechanics of Biological Materials, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Eleonora Olivotto
- RAMSES Laboratory, Research, Innovation & Technology (RIT) Department, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Filardo
- Applied and Translational Research Center, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giulia Borile
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria, Padova, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy “G. Galilei,” University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Institute of Pediatric Research Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Filippo Romanato
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria, Padova, Italy
- Department of Physics and Astronomy “G. Galilei,” University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Institute of Pediatric Research Città della Speranza, Padova, Italy
| | - Roberta Ramonda
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University - Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Pietro Ruggieri
- Orthopedic and Traumatologic Clinic, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Marta Favero
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, University - Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Internal Medicine 1, Ca' Foncello Hospital, ULSS2 Marca Trevigiana, Treviso, Italy
| | - Andrea Porzionato
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria, Padova, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Caro
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria, Padova, Italy
| | - Veronica Macchi
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Human Anatomy, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- L.i.f.e.L.a.b. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria, Padova, Italy
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Dal Moro F, Macchi V, Porzionato A, Mandato FG, De Caro R. RUG technique: replacement of the ureter with gonadal vein. A cadaveric study. MINERVA UROL NEFROL 2018; 71:85-91. [PMID: 30421594 DOI: 10.23736/s0393-2249.18.03261-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ureteral defect lesions may result from retroperitoneal fibrosis, radiation damage, tumors, or surgical procedures; the management of long-segment ureteral defects is a challenge for urologists. Total or partial replacement of the ureter is sometimes required, with consequent ileal interposition, but this technique may lead to several complications, such as severe urinary infections. In a few cases, nephrectomy may be required. Starting from the above considerations, we can postulate the RUG technique (replacement of the ureter with gonadal vein), using the gonadal vein (GoV) as an autologous graft to substitute the ureter. For this reason, we decided to test this novel idea on an experimental model. METHODS We tested the above technique on a cadaveric model, performing complete procedure (RUG #1), segmental replacement of the ureter (RUG #2), and ureteroplasty with a GoV patch (RUG #3). All the procedures involved an open approach. After RUG #3, the treated segment of the ureter was sampled for histologic analysis. RESULTS Four RUGs were performed (two RUG #1, one RUG #2, one RUG #3). All anatomic structures were easily identified, and all procedures were completed successfully. The dimensions of the ureters were comparable to those of the GoV in all cases, as usual. Histologic analysis demonstrated perfect adherence of the two anastomosed structures. CONCLUSIONS The RUG technique resulted in an adequate, safe and easy-to-perform surgical alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Dal Moro
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy - .,Santa Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, University of Udine, Udine, Italy -
| | - Veronica Macchi
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Anatomy, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Porzionato
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Anatomy, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesco G Mandato
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Caro
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute of Anatomy, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Imaging and angiography in male factor infertility. Fertil Steril 2016; 105:1432-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Coşkun M, Ilhan N, Elbeyli A, Rifaioğlu MM, Inci M, Davran R, Tuzcu EA, Yarbağ A, Davarci M, Gökçe A. Changes in retinal vessels related to varicocele: a pilot investigation. Andrologia 2015; 48:536-41. [DOI: 10.1111/and.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Coşkun
- Department of Ophthalmology; Medical Faculty; Mustafa Kemal University; Hatay Turkey
| | - N. Ilhan
- Department of Ophthalmology; Medical Faculty; Mustafa Kemal University; Hatay Turkey
| | - A. Elbeyli
- Department of Ophthalmology; Medical Faculty; Mustafa Kemal University; Hatay Turkey
| | - M. M. Rifaioğlu
- Department of Urology; Medical Faculty; Mustafa Kemal University; Hatay Turkey
| | - M. Inci
- Department of Urology; Medical Faculty; Mustafa Kemal University; Hatay Turkey
| | - R. Davran
- Department of Radiology; Medical Faculty; Mustafa Kemal University; Hatay Turkey
| | - E. A. Tuzcu
- Department of Ophthalmology; Medical Faculty; Mustafa Kemal University; Hatay Turkey
| | | | - M. Davarci
- Department of Urology; Medical Faculty; Mustafa Kemal University; Hatay Turkey
| | - A. Gökçe
- Department of Urology; Medical Faculty; Sakarya University; Sakarya Turkey
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Porzionato A, Sfriso MM, Pontini A, Macchi V, Petrelli L, Pavan PG, Natali AN, Bassetto F, Vindigni V, De Caro R. Decellularized Human Skeletal Muscle as Biologic Scaffold for Reconstructive Surgery. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:14808-31. [PMID: 26140375 PMCID: PMC4519873 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160714808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2015] [Revised: 06/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Engineered skeletal muscle tissues have been proposed as potential solutions for volumetric muscle losses, and biologic scaffolds have been obtained by decellularization of animal skeletal muscles. The aim of the present work was to analyse the characteristics of a biologic scaffold obtained by decellularization of human skeletal muscles (also through comparison with rats and rabbits) and to evaluate its integration capability in a rabbit model with an abdominal wall defect. Rat, rabbit and human muscle samples were alternatively decellularized with two protocols: n.1, involving sodium deoxycholate and DNase I; n.2, trypsin-EDTA and Triton X-NH4OH. Protocol 2 proved more effective, removing all cellular material and maintaining the three-dimensional networks of collagen and elastic fibers. Ultrastructural analyses with transmission and scanning electron microscopy confirmed the preservation of collagen, elastic fibres, glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans. Implantation of human scaffolds in rabbits gave good results in terms of integration, although recellularization by muscle cells was not completely achieved. In conclusion, human skeletal muscles may be effectively decellularized to obtain scaffolds preserving the architecture of the extracellular matrix and showing mechanical properties suitable for implantation/integration. Further analyses will be necessary to verify the suitability of these scaffolds for in vitro recolonization by autologous cells before in vivo implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Porzionato
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli 65, Padova 35127, Italy.
| | - Maria Martina Sfriso
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli 65, Padova 35127, Italy.
| | - Alex Pontini
- Clinic of Plastic Surgery, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, Padova 35127, Italy.
| | - Veronica Macchi
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli 65, Padova 35127, Italy.
| | - Lucia Petrelli
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli 65, Padova 35127, Italy.
| | - Piero G Pavan
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via G. Marzolo 9, Padova 35131, Italy.
| | - Arturo N Natali
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padova, Via G. Marzolo 9, Padova 35131, Italy.
| | - Franco Bassetto
- Clinic of Plastic Surgery, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, Padova 35127, Italy.
| | - Vincenzo Vindigni
- Clinic of Plastic Surgery, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, Padova 35127, Italy.
| | - Raffaele De Caro
- Section of Human Anatomy, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli 65, Padova 35127, Italy.
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Ozcan O, Malkoc E, Cosar A, Ipcioglu OM, Gultepe M, Muftuoglu T, Hira S, Ates F. Prolidase enzyme activity in varicose venous walls related to sperm count in patients with varicocele. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 2012; 73:97-101. [DOI: 10.3109/00365513.2012.743676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Serra R, Buffone G, Costanzo G, Montemurro R, Perri P, Damiano R, de Franciscis S. Varicocele in younger as risk factor for inguinal hernia and for chronic venous disease in older: preliminary results of a prospective cohort study. Ann Vasc Surg 2012; 27:329-31. [PMID: 22998788 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2012.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2011] [Revised: 11/20/2011] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Varicocele, inguinal hernia, and chronic venous insufficiency are often associated. Varicocele has its maximum prevalence in younger age, whereas hernia and chronic venous disease appear later. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between these conditions. METHODS A prospective cohort study was conducted, consisting of two groups of male patients. Group A comprised patients with varicocele, whereas group B comprised those with problems other than varicocele. Both groups were followed over time and were assessed for the onset of signs and symptoms related to inguinal hernia and chronic venous disease. RESULTS Preliminary results showed a positive correlation between the presence of varicocele in younger and the possible risk of hernia and/or chronic venous disease in later age. CONCLUSIONS Preliminary results suggest that varicocele in younger age appears to be an early marker of progression for a connective tissue-related disease in later age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Serra
- Unit of Vascular Surgery, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.
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Eid RA, Radad K, Al-Shraim M. Ultrastructural Changes of Smooth Muscles in Varicocele Veins. Ultrastruct Pathol 2012; 36:201-6. [DOI: 10.3109/01913123.2011.637663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Aldemir M, Işık E, Ozgün G, Onen E, Okulu E, Kayıgil O. Comparison of spermatic vein histology in patients with and without varicocele. Andrologia 2012; 43:341-5. [PMID: 21951199 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0272.2011.01082.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate and compare histological characteristics of spermatic veins in patients with and without varicocele. Between February 2009 and July 2009, spermatic veins were obtained from 13 patients with varicocele. Microsurgical subinguinal low ligation was performed in all patients. Spermatic veins of patients without varicocele were obtained from 12 patients who underwent radical nephrectomy. Histologically, sections of veins were stained with haematoxylin and eosin. Mean tunica adventitia thickness size of the spermatic veins was 0.35 ± 0.08 mm and 0.22 ± 0.1 mm respectively in patients with varicocele and control group (P = 0.001). Similarly, mean tunica media thickness size of the spermatic veins was 0.25 ± 0.05 mm and 0.09 ± 0.04 mm respectively in patients with varicocele and control group (P < 0.001). No significant differences were detected regarding the tunica adventitia and tunica media thicknesses when patients with grade 2 varicocele were compared with patients with grade 3 varicocele (P > 0.05). No significant differences were detected between the tunica adventitia and tunica media thicknesses of patients with varicocele and sperm parameters (P > 0.05). Our study demonstrated that tunica adventitia and tunica media thicknesses seem to be increased in patients with varicocele compared with normal subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Aldemir
- Department of Urology, Atatürk Teaching and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.
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Musalam AO, Eid RA, Al-Assiri M, Hussein MRA. Morphological changes in varicocele veins: ultrastructural study. Ultrastruct Pathol 2011; 34:260-8. [PMID: 20929307 DOI: 10.3109/01913121003793067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Varicocele consists of dilatation of the pampiniform venous plexus and the internal spermatic veins. It is present in 15% of male population and is a common cause of male infertility. OBJECTIVE To describe the normal structure of the internal spermatic vein and the morphological changes in grade 3 varicocele. METHODS The authors dissected and analyzed a 2- to 3-cm tract of the pampiniform venous plexus of 20 patients undergoing varicocelectomy for left varicocele and of 10 consecutive patients undergoing surgery for left inguinal hernia. The histological examination was performed with hematoxylin–eosin and Masson trichrome stains. The ultrastructural evaluation was done using both scanning and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS Compared with normal internal spermatic veins, varicocele veins showed narrowing and/or obliteration of the lumens, destruction of the endothelial cells, invagination of the intima, and deposition of collagen bundles in the media (light microscopy). The ultrastructural changes in varicocele veins included elongation of the endothelial cells with features of cellular damage, loss of the internal elastic lamina, and the appearance of ghost bodies and degenerative vacuoles in the subendothelial layer. CONCLUSIONS The authors believe this is the first report analyzing ultrastructual changes in normal human internal spermatic vein samples and in varicocele. The underlying molecular mechanisms of these changes await further studies.
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Abstract
A varicocele is a dilatation of the testicular vein and the pampiniform venous plexus within the spermatic cord. Although rare in pediatric populations, the prevalence of varicoceles markedly increases with pubertal development. Varicoceles are progressive lesions that may hinder testicular growth and function over time and are the most common and correctable cause of male infertility. Approximately 40% of men with primary infertility have a varicocele, and more than half of them experience improvements in semen parameters after varicocelectomy. The decision to treat adolescents with varicocele is a controversial one. The task for pediatricians and urologists is to identify those adolescents who are at greatest risk for infertility in adulthood, in an effort to offer early surgical intervention to those most likely to benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel P Robinson
- Division of Urology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA 23298-0118, USA
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Comparison of transverse carpal ligament and flexor retinaculum terminology for the wrist. J Hand Surg Am 2010; 35:746-53. [PMID: 20346594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2010.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2009] [Revised: 01/25/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the macroscopic anatomy and histological characteristics of the transverse carpal ligament and the flexor retinaculum of the wrist and to investigate their anatomical relationships and define appropriate terminology. METHODS The volar regions of the wrists of 30 unembalmed subjects were examined by dissection and by histological and immunohistochemical staining. In vivo magnetic resonance imaging studies were also carried out on 10 subjects. RESULTS The dissection study showed that the antebrachial fascia at the volar aspect of the wrist presents a reinforcement. From a histological point of view, it is composed of 3 layers of undulated collagen fiber bundles. Adjacent layers show different orientations of the collagen fibers. Many nerve fibers and Pacini and Ruffini corpuscles were found in all specimens. Under this fibrous plane is another fibrous structure, placed transversely between the ulnar-sided hamate and pisiform bones, and the radial-sided scaphoid and trapezium bones. The deeper fibrous structure shows completely different histological characteristics, having parallel, thicker collagen fiber bundles and few nerve fibers. Magnetic resonance images confirm the presence of 2 clearly distinguished fibrous structures in the wrist, the first in continuity with the antebrachial fascia and the second located in a deeper plane between the hamate and scaphoid. CONCLUSIONS Two different fibrous structures with different histological characteristics are present in the volar wrist: the more superficial one is in continuity with the antebrachial fascia and could be considered its reinforcement; the deeper one is composed of strong lamina, with histological features similar to those of a ligament. For these reasons, we suggest that the term transverse carpal ligament should be used to indicate the fibrous lamina connecting the hamate and pisiform to the scaphoid and trapezium and that the term flexor retinaculum of the wrist should be abandoned because it does not correspond to any specific, autonomous structure.
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