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Targeted nanomedicines remodeling immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment for enhanced cancer immunotherapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:4327-4347. [PMID: 36561994 PMCID: PMC9764075 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy has significantly flourished and revolutionized the limited conventional tumor therapies, on account of its good safety and long-term memory ability. Discouragingly, low patient response rates and potential immune-related side effects make it rather challenging to literally bring immunotherapy from bench to bedside. However, it has become evident that, although the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a pivotal role in facilitating tumor progression and metastasis, it also provides various potential targets for remodeling the immunosuppressive TME, which can consequently bolster the effectiveness of antitumor response and tumor suppression. Additionally, the particular characteristics of TME, in turn, can be exploited as avenues for designing diverse precise targeting nanomedicines. In general, it is of urgent necessity to deliver nanomedicines for remodeling the immunosuppressive TME, thus improving the therapeutic outcomes and clinical translation prospects of immunotherapy. Herein, we will illustrate several formation mechanisms of immunosuppressive TME. More importantly, a variety of strategies concerning remodeling immunosuppressive TME and strengthening patients' immune systems, will be reviewed. Ultimately, we will discuss the existing obstacles and future perspectives in the development of antitumor immunotherapy. Hopefully, the thriving bloom of immunotherapy will bring vibrancy to further exploration of comprehensive cancer treatment.
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Miyake M, Furuya H, Onishi S, Hokutan K, Anai S, Chan O, Shi S, Fujimoto K, Goodison S, Cai W, Rosser CJ. Monoclonal Antibody against CXCL1 (HL2401) as a Novel Agent in Suppressing IL6 Expression and Tumoral Growth. Theranostics 2019; 9:853-867. [PMID: 30809313 PMCID: PMC6376461 DOI: 10.7150/thno.29553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The expression of the chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1), an inflammatory protein, has been reported to be up-regulated in many human cancers. The mechanisms through which aberrant cellular CXCL1 levels promote specific steps in tumor growth and progression are unknown. Methods: We described the anticancer effects and mechanism of action of HL2401, a monoclonal antibody directed at CXCL1 with in vitro and in vivo data on bladder and prostate cancers. Results: HL2401 inhibited proliferation and invasion of bladder and prostate cells along with disrupting endothelial sprouting in vitro. Furthermore, novel mechanistic investigations revealed that CXCL1 expression stimulated interleukin 6 (IL6) expression and repressed tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 4 (TIMP4). Systemic administration of HL2401 in mice bearing bladder and prostate xenograft tumors retarded tumor growth through the inhibition of cellular proliferation and angiogenesis along with an induction of apoptosis. Our findings reveal a previously undocumented relationship between CXCL1, IL6 and TIMP4 in solid tumor biology. Principal conclusions: Taken together, our results argue that CXCL1 plays an important role in sustaining the growth of bladder and prostate tumors via up-regulation of IL6 and down-regulation of TIMP4. Targeting these critical interactions with a CXCL1 monoclonal antibody offers a novel strategy to therapeutically manage bladder and prostate cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makito Miyake
- Nara Medical University, Department of Urology, Nara, Japan
| | - Hideki Furuya
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Clinical and Translational Research, Honolulu, Hawaii
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI USA
| | - Sayuri Onishi
- Nara Medical University, Department of Urology, Nara, Japan
| | - Kanani Hokutan
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Clinical and Translational Research, Honolulu, Hawaii
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI USA
| | - Satoshi Anai
- Nara Medical University, Department of Urology, Nara, Japan
| | - Owen Chan
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Clinical and Translational Research, Honolulu, Hawaii
| | - Sixiang Shi
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | | | - Weibo Cai
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin - Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Charles J. Rosser
- University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Clinical and Translational Research, Honolulu, Hawaii
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI USA
- Nonagen Bioscience Corporation, Jacksonville, Florida
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Liu B, Li Y. Impact of Conditional miRNA126 Overexpression on Apoptosis-Resistant Endothelial Cell Production. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126661. [PMID: 25961846 PMCID: PMC4427270 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The activation of endothelial cells is essential to repair damage caused by atherosclerosis via endothelial cell proliferation and migration. Overexpression of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) and the downstream gene, B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) could result in apoptosis-resistant endothelial cells, which are responsible for aggravated hyperplasia and instable plaques generation. Previous studies have shown that miRNA126 could regulate the expression of VEGF. Here, we verified the existence of a miRNA126 binding site in VEGF's 3'UTR. Additionally, VEGF regulated BCL-2 expression via AP1 (Activator Protein 1) binding site in BCL-2's promoter. Next, we established an apoptosis-resistant endothelial cell line and constructed a lentiviral vector to express miRNA126 under the control of the BCL-2 promoter to investigate whether conditional expression of miRNA126 could modulate VEGF and BCL-2 expression in apoptosis-resistant endothelial cells. This lentiviral system specifically expressed miRNA126 in cells with high BCL-2 levels, downregulated VEGF expression, inhibited MAPK pathway activation and downregulated BCL-2 expression via suppression of AP1, and as a whole, reduced apoptosis-resistant endothelial cells, while the effects of miRNA126 on normal endothelial cells were relatively small. Our results demonstrate that conditional miRNA126 overexpression under the control of the downstream BCL-2 promoter provides a flexible regulatory strategy for reducing the apoptosis-resistant endothelial cells without having a significant impact on normal endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - YiGang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Miyake M, Goodison S, Lawton A, Gomes-Giacoia E, Rosser CJ. Angiogenin promotes tumoral growth and angiogenesis by regulating matrix metallopeptidase-2 expression via the ERK1/2 pathway. Oncogene 2015; 34:890-901. [PMID: 24561529 PMCID: PMC4317372 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis is essential for tumor growth and metastasis and is dependent on key angiogenic factors. Angiogenin (ANG), a 14.2-kDa polypeptide member of the RNase A superfamily, is an angiogenic protein that has been reported to be upregulated and associated with poor prognosis in some human cancers. The mechanisms through which aberrant ANG levels promote specific steps in tumor progression are unknown. Here, we show that ANG expression in human tissues is strongly correlated with an invasive cancer phenotype. We also show that ANG induces cellular survival, proliferation, endothelial tube formation and xenograft angiogenesis and growth. Novel mechanistic investigations revealed that ANG expression stimulated matrix metallopeptidase-2 (MMP2) expression through the phosphorylation of ERK1/2. Targeting ANG in vivo with N65828, a small-molecule inhibitor of the ribonucleolytic activity of human ANG, resulted in the diminution of xenograft tumoral growth through the inhibition of angiogenesis. Our findings support an unrecognized interplay between ANG, ERK1/2 and MMP2 that can impact tumor growth and progression. The targeting of ANG and associated factors could provide a novel strategy to inhibit tumor establishment and growth.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Heterografts
- Humans
- MAP Kinase Signaling System
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/biosynthesis
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 2/genetics
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Nude
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/genetics
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/metabolism
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/genetics
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/metabolism
- Neoplasm Metastasis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Neoplasms/genetics
- Neoplasms/metabolism
- Neoplasms/pathology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/genetics
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/pathology
- Ribonuclease, Pancreatic/genetics
- Ribonuclease, Pancreatic/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- M Miyake
- Cancer Research Institute, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - S Goodison
- 1] Cancer Research Institute, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Orlando, FL, USA [2] Nonagen Bioscience Corp, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - A Lawton
- Department of Pathology, Orlando Health, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - E Gomes-Giacoia
- Cancer Research Institute, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - C J Rosser
- 1] Cancer Research Institute, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Orlando, FL, USA [2] Nonagen Bioscience Corp, Orlando, FL, USA
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Xiangbao Y, Linquan W, Mingwen H, Fan Z, Kai W, Xin Y, Kaiyang W, Huaqun F. Humanized anti-VEGFR-2 ScFv-As2O3-stealth nanoparticles, an antibody conjugate with potent and selective anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity. Biomed Pharmacother 2014; 68:597-602. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2014.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
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Xiao X, Yang M, Xiao J, Zou J, Huang Q, Yang K, Zhang B, Yang F, Liu S, Wang H, Bai P. Paris Saponin II suppresses the growth of human ovarian cancer xenografts via modulating VEGF-mediated angiogenesis and tumor cell migration. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2014; 73:807-18. [PMID: 24638862 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-014-2408-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Paris Saponin II (PSII) is an active component of Rhizoma Paridis-an essential ingredient in traditional Chinese herbal medicines. PSII can induce cytotoxic effects in cancer cells and inhibit ovarian cancer growth. Since pathological angiogenesis (henceforth, angiogenesis) is often associated with gynecological cancers, here, we investigated whether PSII renders effects on angiogenesis and examined possible molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of PSII. METHODS The effects of PSII on the biofunctions of endothelial cells (EC), the crucial components of blood vessels, were examined by standardized angiogenesis in vitro and ex vivo assays, Western blot analysis, ELISA, and kinase assay. Angiogenesis in a xenograft mouse model of ovarian cancer was evaluated by color Doppler ultrasound and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS PSII exerted marked inhibitory effect on the growth of VEGF-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells in a dose-time-dependent manner, inhibited cell's motility, and interfered with tubulogenesis. PSII also blocked microvessel outgrowth in a rat aortic ring assay and compromised angiogenesis in a mouse model of ovarian carcinoma using either SKOV3 or HOC-7 cell lines. VEGF levels in PSII-treated EC and tumor cells were reduced. In EC, PSII blocked the activation of VEGFR2 in dose-dependent manner leading to the reduction of VEGF-induced phosphorylation on several intracellular pro-angiogenic kinase, including the extracellular signal-related kinase, Src family kinase, focal adhesion kinase, and AKT kinase. CONCLUSIONS The results provided the first insight into the anti-angiogenesis properties of Saponin family in solid tumors and suggested a promising therapeutic potential of PSII in the ovarian cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Xiao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
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Miyake M, Lawton A, Goodison S, Urquidi V, Rosser CJ. Chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) protein expression is increased in high-grade prostate cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2014; 210:74-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2013.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Expression of CXCL1 in human endothelial cells induces angiogenesis through the CXCR2 receptor and the ERK1/2 and EGF pathways. J Transl Med 2013; 93:768-78. [PMID: 23732813 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2013.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell growth and proliferation are critical for angiogenesis; thus, greater insight into the regulation of pathological angiogenesis is greatly needed. Previous studies have reported on chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1) expression in epithelial cells and that secretion of CXCL1 from these epithelial cells induces angiogenesis. However, limited reports have demonstrated CXCL1 expression in endothelial cells. In this report, we present data that expand on the role of CXCL1 in human endothelial cells inducing angiogenesis. Specifically, CXCL1 is expressed and secreted from human endothelial cells. Interference of CXCL1 function using neutralizing antibodies resulted in a reduction in endothelial cell migration and viability/proliferation, the latter associated with a decrease in levels of cyclin D and cdk4. In vitro studies revealed that CXCL1 influenced neoangiogenesis through the regulation of epidermal growth factor and ERK1/2. In a xenograft angiogenesis model, interference of CXCL1 function resulted in inhibition of angiogenesis. A better understanding of the role of CXCL1 in the interactions between the endothelial and epithelial components will provide insight into how human tissues use CXCL1 to survive and thrive in a hostile environment.
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