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Resciniti SM, Biesiekierski JR, Ghasem-Zadeh A, Moschonis G. The Effectiveness of a Lactobacilli-Based Probiotic Food Supplement on Bone Mineral Density and Bone Metabolism in Australian Early Postmenopausal Women: Protocol for a Double-Blind Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2024; 16:1150. [PMID: 38674841 PMCID: PMC11055009 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis affects one in three women over the age of 50 and results in fragility fractures. Oestrogen deficiency during and after menopause exacerbates bone loss, accounting for higher prevalence of fragility fractures in women. The gut microbiota (GM) has been proposed as a key regulator of bone health, as it performs vital functions such as immune regulation and biosynthesis of vitamins. Therefore, GM modulation via probiotic supplementation has been proposed as a target for potential therapeutic intervention to reduce bone loss. While promising results have been observed in mouse model studies, translation into human trials is limited. Here, we present the study protocol for a double-blind randomized controlled trial that aims to examine the effectiveness of three lactobacilli strains on volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), trabecular, and cortical microstructure, as measured using High Resolution peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography (HR-pQCT). The trial will randomize 124 healthy early postmenopausal women (up to 8 years from menopause) to receive either probiotic or placebo administered once daily for 12 months. Secondary outcomes will investigate the probiotics' effects on areal BMD and specific mechanistic biomarkers, including bone metabolism and inflammatory markers. The trial is registered with Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12621000810819).
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M. Resciniti
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia;
| | - Jessica R. Biesiekierski
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia;
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics & Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC 3168, Australia;
| | - Ali Ghasem-Zadeh
- Department of Medicine and Endocrinology, Austin Health, The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg West, VIC 3081, Australia;
| | - George Moschonis
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Dietetics, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia;
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Vitamin D, a Regulator of Androgen Levels, Is Not Correlated to PSA Serum Levels in a Cohort of the Middle Italy Region Participating to a Prostate Cancer Screening Campaign. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12051831. [PMID: 36902619 PMCID: PMC10003229 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12051831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common non-cutaneous malignancy in men worldwide, and it represents the fifth leading cause of death. It has long been recognized that dietary habits can impact prostate health and improve the benefits of traditional medical care. The activity of novel agents on prostate health is routinely assessed by measuring changes in serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. Recent studies hypothesized that vitamin D supplementation reduces circulating androgen levels and PSA secretion, inhibits cell growth of the hormone-sensitive PCa cell lines, counteracts neoangiogenesis and improves apoptosis. However, the results are conflicting and inconsistent. Furthermore, the use of vitamin D in PCa treatments has not achieved consistently positive results to date. In order to assess the existence of a correlation between the PSA and 25(OH)vitamin D levels as widely hypothesized in the literature, we analyzed the serum PSA and 25(OH)vitamin D concentration on a cohort of one hundred patients joining a PCa screening campaign. Additionally, we performed medical and pharmacological anamnesis and analyzed lifestyle, as sport practice and eating habits, by administering a questionnaire on family history. Although several studies suggested a protective role of vitamin D in PCa onset prevention and progression, our preliminary results revealed a clear absence of correlation between the serum vitamin D and PSA concentration levels, suggesting that vitamin D has no impact on PCa risk. Further investigations enrolling a huge number of patients are needed with particular attention to vitamin D supplementation, calcium intake, solar radiation that influences vitamin D metabolism and other potential indicators of health to confirm the absence of correlation observed in our study.
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Nair-Shalliker V, Egger S, Chrzanowska A, Mason R, Waite L, Le Couteur D, Seibel MJ, Handelsman DJ, Cumming R, Smith DP, Armstrong BK. Associations between sun sensitive pigmentary genes and serum prostate specific antigen levels. PLoS One 2018. [PMID: 29518100 PMCID: PMC5843239 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Melanoma and prostate cancer may share risk factors. This study examined the association between serum PSA levels, which is a risk factor for prostate cancer, and variants in some melanoma-associated pigmentary genes. Methods We studied participants, all aged 70+ years, in the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project who had no history of prostatitis or received treatment for prostate disease (n = 1033). We genotyped variants in MC1R (rs1805007, rs1805008), ASIP (rs4911414, rs1015362), SLC45A2 (rs28777, rs16891982), IRF4 (rs12203592), TYRP1 (rs1408799), TYR (rs1126809, rs1042602), SLC24A2 (rs12896399), and OCA2 (rs7495174). Generalised linear dominant models with Poisson distribution, log link functions and robust variance estimators estimated adjusted percentage differences (%PSA) in mean serum PSA levels (ng/mL) between variant and wildtype (0%PSA = reference) genotypes, adjusting for age, body mass index, serum 25OHD levels and birth regions (Australia or New Zealand (ANZ), Europe or elsewhere). Results Serum PSA levels were strongly associated with advancing age and birth regions: mean PSA levels were lower in Europe-born (-29.7%) and elsewhere-born (-11.7%) men than ANZ-born men (reference). Lower %PSA was observed in men with variants in SLC45A2: rs28777 (-19.6;95%CI: -33.5, -2.7), rs16891982 (-17.3;95%CI:-30.4,-1.7) than in wildtype men (reference). There were significant interactions between birth regions and PSA levels in men with variants in MC1R (rs1805007; p-interaction = 0.0001) and ASIP (rs4911414; p-interaction = 0.007). For these genes %PSA was greater in ANZ-born men and lower in Europe- and elsewhere-born men with the variant than it was in wildtype men. In a post hoc analysis, serum testosterone levels were increased in men with MC1R rs1805007 and serum dihydrotestosterone in men with ASIP rs1015362. Conclusion Men with SNPs in SLC45A2, who have less sun sensitive skin, have lower PSA levels. Men with SNPs in MC1R and ASIP, who have more sun sensitive skin, and were born in ANZ, have higher PSA levels. Androgens may modify these apparent associations of pigmentary genes and sun exposure with PSA levels. Impact PSA levels and possibly prostate cancer risk may vary with sun sensitivity and sun exposure, the effects of which might be modified by androgen levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Visalini Nair-Shalliker
- Cancer Research Division, Cancer Council New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Sam Egger
- Cancer Research Division, Cancer Council New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Agata Chrzanowska
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Rebecca Mason
- Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Louise Waite
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital and The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Le Couteur
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital and The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Markus J. Seibel
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital and The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David J. Handelsman
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital and The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robert Cumming
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Education and Research on Ageing, Concord Hospital and The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- ANZAC Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David P. Smith
- Cancer Research Division, Cancer Council New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bruce K. Armstrong
- Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- School of Population Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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