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Low-energy shock wave therapy ameliorates ischemic-induced overactive bladder in a rat model. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21960. [PMID: 36536004 PMCID: PMC9763424 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26292-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was to evaluate whether Low-energy shock wave therapy (LESW) improves ischemic-induced overactive bladder in rats and investigate its therapeutic mechanisms. Sixteen-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: arterial injury (AI), AI with LESW (AI-SW), and control groups. LESW was irradiated in AI-SW during 20-23 weeks of age. At 24 weeks of age, conscious cystometry was performed (each n = 8). The voiding interval was shortened in AI (mean ± SEM: 5.1 ± 0.8 min) than in control (17.3 ± 3.0 min), whereas significant improvements were observed in AI-SW (14.9 ± 3.3 min). The bladder blood flow was significantly increased in AI-SW than in AI. Microarray analysis revealed higher gene expression of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) α1 and β1 in the bladder of AI-SW compared to AI. Protein expression of sGCα1 and sGCβ1 was higher in AI-SW and control groups than in AI. Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) was elevated in AI-SW. As an early genetic response, vascular endothelial growth factor and CD31 were highly expressed 24 h after the first LESW. Suburothelial thinning observed in AI was restored in AI-SW. Activation of sGC-cGMP may play a therapeutic role of LESW in the functional recovery of the bladder.
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Luo Y, Ma H, Niu S, Li X, Nie L, Li G. Effects of norepinephrine on colonic tight junction protein expression during heat stress. Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:421. [PMID: 33747161 PMCID: PMC7967871 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress induced by changes in the internal or external environment in humans and animals leads to intestinal epithelial damage, in a manner that is associated with impaired intestinal barrier function. However, the role of the stress hormone norepinephrine (NE) in impairments in barrier function remains poorly understood. In the present study, a rat heat-exposed model was used to observe changes in the tight junction proteins Occludin and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1), in addition to those in protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR-2) and transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 channel (TRPA1) in colon. The levels of plasma NE were detected using an ELISA kit. Different concentrations of NE were used to culture the human colon cell line Caco-2 for 6 and 24 h to investigate the cell viability using Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, whilst the expression levels of Occludin, ZO-1, PAR-2 and TRPA1 were examined using western blotting and immunofluorescence in Caco-2 cells and immunohistrochemistry in rat colon tissues. Although there was no clear histological damage to the rat colonic mucosa, there were decreased expression levels of tight junction proteins Occludin and ZO-1 after heat exposure. In addition, PAR-2 expression was increased by heat exposure. It was found that TRPA1 expression was concentrated to the luminal surface of the colon in the heat exposed group compared with that in the control group. After the administration of increasing concentrations of NE for 6 h, treatment did not affect cell viability. Furthermore, after application of NE for 24 h, cell viability gradually increased as the NE concentration was elevated from 10 to 100 µM. However, no significant increase in viability was observed when the cells were treated with 120 and 160 µM NE. Occludin expression was decreased when 10 µM NE was applied for 6 or 24 h. By contrast, 60 µM NE significantly downregulated Occludin expression in the 6 h group, but caused an insignificant decrease in the 24 h group. It was found that ZO-1 expression was upregulated after treatment with 10 µM NE for 6 h, whilst downregulation was observed after treatment with 10 µM NE for 24 h. PAR-2 protein expression was increased after application of NE for both 6 and 24 h, but not after treatment with 60 µM NE. In addition, TRPA1 expression was not affected by the treatment of NE, but increased positive staining was observed on the luminal side of the mucosa, which appeared to be concentrated in the cells of the luminal side in the rat colon after heat exposure. Collectively, the present results suggested that expression of tight junction proteins Occludin and ZO-1, in addition to that of PAR-2, can be regulated by NE, which may contribute to impairments in barrier function observed during heat stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R China.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R China
| | - Huiming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R China
| | - Shibo Niu
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R China
| | - Xu Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R China.,People's Hospital of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021, P.R China
| | - Lihong Nie
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R China
| | - Guanghua Li
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750004, P.R China
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Onlay Repair Technique for the Management of Ureteral Strictures: A Comprehensive Review. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:6178286. [PMID: 32775430 PMCID: PMC7407031 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6178286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Ureteroplasty using onlay grafts or flaps emerged as an innovative procedure for the management of proximal and midureteral strictures. Autologous grafts or flaps used commonly in ureteroplasty include the oral mucosae, bladder mucosae, ileal mucosae, and appendiceal mucosae. Oral mucosa grafts, especially buccal mucosa grafts (BMGs), have gained wide acceptance as a graft choice for ureteroplasty. The reported length of BMG ureteroplasty ranged from 1.5 to 11 cm with success rates of 71.4%-100%. However, several studies have demonstrated that ureteroplasty using lingual mucosa grafts yields better recipient site outcomes and fewer donor site complications than that using BMGs. In addition, there is no essential difference in the efficacy and complication rates of BMG ureteroplasty using an anterior approach or a posterior approach. Intestinal graft or flap ureteroplasty was also reported. And the reported length of ileal or appendiceal flap ureteroplasty ranged from 1 to 8 cm with success rates of 75%-100%. Moreover, the bladder mucosa, renal pelvis wall, and penile/preputial skin have also been reported to be used for ureteroplasty and have achieved satisfactory outcomes, but each graft or flap has unique advantages and potential problems. Tissue engineering-based ureteroplasty through the implantation of patched scaffolds, such as the small intestine submucosa, with or without cell seeding, has induced successful ureteral regeneration structurally close to that of the native ureter and has resulted in good functional outcomes in animal models.
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Özçağlayan Ö, Akgül M, Yazıcı C, Özçağlayan Tİ, Malak A, Doğru MD M. Is bladder blood flow an etiologic factor for the bladder pain syndrome? Neurourol Urodyn 2019; 38:1135-1141. [DOI: 10.1002/nau.23969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ömer Özçağlayan
- Department of RadiologyTekirdag Namık Kemal University Medical School, Tekirdag Namık Kemal UniversitySüleymanpaşa Tekirdağ Turkey
| | - Murat Akgül
- Department of UrologyTekirdag Namık Kemal University Medical School, Tekirdag Namık Kemal UniversitySüleymanpaşa Tekirdağ Turkey
| | - Cenk Yazıcı
- Department of UrologyTekirdag Namık Kemal University Medical School, Tekirdag Namık Kemal UniversitySüleymanpaşa Tekirdağ Turkey
| | - Tuğba İlkem Özçağlayan
- Department of RadiologyTekirdag Namık Kemal University Medical School, Tekirdag Namık Kemal UniversitySüleymanpaşa Tekirdağ Turkey
| | - Arzu Malak
- Department of NursingSchool of Health, Tekirdag Namık Kemal University Medical School, Tekirdag Namık Kemal UniversitySüleymanpaşa Tekirdağ Turkey
| | - Mücahit Doğru MD
- Department of RadiologyTekirdag Namık Kemal University Medical School, Tekirdag Namık Kemal UniversitySüleymanpaşa Tekirdağ Turkey
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Chen L, He PL, Yang J, Yang YF, Wang K, Amend B, Stenzl A, Zhang YM, Wang ZL, Xing SS, Luo X. NLRP3/IL1β inflammasome associated with the aging bladder triggers bladder dysfunction in female rats. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:2960-2968. [PMID: 30720125 PMCID: PMC6423574 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder dysfunction is associated with fibrosis-mediated aging, but the corresponding mechanism remains to be elucidated. Activation of the NACHT, LRR and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is related to chronic diseases associated with aging, including organ fibrosis. The present study aimed to explore the role of NLRP3/interleukin 1β in aging-associated bladder dysfunction. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into the following two groups (n=10 rats/group): 2-month-old group (young group) and 24-month-old group (old group). Urodynamics were performed to assess the bladder function of the rats. The histological alterations were identified using Masson's trichrome staining. The protein expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome and NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-3, mitochondrial (SIRT3) were detected by western blot analysis, and immunohistochemistry was used to examine a senescence marker (p21) and the NLRP3 inflammasome in the bladder. The localization of the key molecule Caspase1 was determined using immunofluorescence. The voiding time was longer in the old group compared with the young group. The expression levels of SIRT3 were reduced in the bladders of the old group, while those of the NLRP3 inflammasome and the senescence marker were significantly higher in the bladders of the old group compared with the young group. Increased collagen deposition leads to chronic bladder fibrosis with increased NLRP3. In the histological examination, the bladders of the old group displayed increased collagen deposition, urothelial thinning and detrusor shrinkage compared with the young group. Tissue fibrosis and urothelial alterations are the principal causes of bladder dysfunction during aging. Downregulated SIRT3 and upregulated expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome are involved in the degradation of aging bladders. Inflamm-aging is a novel mechanism underlying bladder dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China
| | - Ping-Lin He
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China
| | - Jin Yang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Fei Yang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China
| | - Bastian Amend
- Department of Urology, University of Tübingen, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Arnulf Stenzl
- Department of Urology, University of Tübingen, D-72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ya-Mei Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China
| | - Zi-Li Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China
| | - Sha-Sha Xing
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, P.R. China
| | - Xu Luo
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563003, P.R. China
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Yee CH, Yip JSY, Cheng NMY, Kwan CH, Li KM, Teoh JYC, Chiu PKF, Wong JHM, Chan ESY, Chan CK, Hou SSM, Ng CF. The cardiovascular risk factors in men with lower urinary tract symptoms. World J Urol 2018; 37:727-733. [PMID: 30083830 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-018-2432-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It has been hypothesized that endothelial dysfunction and pelvic atherosclerosis may contribute to lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS). We assessed the relationship between cardiovascular risk factors and LUTS severity in male patients presented to urology clinic. METHODS It is a cross-sectional study on patients who presented between 2013 and 2015 with LUTS. A total of 1176 male patients were encountered, and 966 were included for analysis after excluding patients with urinary tract malignancy, urethral stricture, bladder stone and history of urinary tract surgery. Cardiovascular risk factors including components of Framingham risk score, body mass index, uroflowmetry, International Prostate Symptoms Score, fasting blood glucose and serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were assessed. Correlation between Framingham risk score, cardiovascular risk factors and severity of LUTS was investigated. RESULTS Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed that severe LUTS significantly associated with Framingham score (P = 0.008) and its components of total cholesterol (OR = 1.318; P = 0.010) and age (OR = 1.032; P = 0.006) compare with mild symptoms. Framingham risk score was found to correlate with storage symptoms (CC = 0.083; P < 0.0001) but not voiding symptoms (CC = - 0.029; P = 0.185). CONCLUSIONS Severity of LUTS and storage symptom significantly increases Framingham risk score, particularly with the components of total cholesterol level and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Hang Yee
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
| | - Jenny S Y Yip
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Nicole M Y Cheng
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Cheuk-Hang Kwan
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Kai-Man Li
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Jeremy Y C Teoh
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Peter K F Chiu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Joseph Hon-Ming Wong
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Eddie S Y Chan
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Chi-Kwok Chan
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Simon S M Hou
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Chi-Fai Ng
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, S.H. Ho Urology Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
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Shimura H, Mitsui T, Tsuchiya S, Miyamoto T, Ihara T, Kira S, Nakagomi H, Sawada N, Imai Y, Mochizuki T, Takeda M. Development of novel and non-invasive diagnostic markers for lower urinary tract symptoms using urothelial cells in voided urine. Neurourol Urodyn 2017; 37:1137-1143. [PMID: 29044760 DOI: 10.1002/nau.23436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We evaluated the association between lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and the expression of connexin (Cx) and transient receptor potential (TRP) channel on urothelial cells non-invasively collected from voided urine in humans. METHODS A total of 55 patients (36 males and 19 females, median age: 71 years old), who were followed up at University of Yamanashi Hospital, were enrolled in the present study. Urothelial cells were collected from voided urine of patients, and the mRNA expression of each subtype of Cxs and TRP channels was measured using quantitive real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. We then analyzed the correlation between the expression of Cxs and TRP channels and symptom scores in International Prostate Symptom Scoreand Overactive Bladder Symptom Score, in addition to Interstitial Cystitis Symptom Index (ICSI) from only interstitial cystitis (IC) patients. RESULTS Non-adjusted statistical procedure using Spearman's rank-correlation showed that there were significant correlations between the following expressions and symptom scores; (positive correlations) Cx26 versus urgency score, Cx40 versus nocturia, TRPM2 versus intermittency, TRPV1 versus urge incontinence, (negative correlation) Cx40 versus intermittency, TRPM7 versus pollakisuria. However, a multiple comparison adjustment using Bonferroni correction showed that only Cx40 had a trend of correlation with nocturia in ICSI. CONCLUSIONS The expressions of Cxs and TRP channels on urothelial cells in voided urine could be related to LUTS. Further analysis of urothelial cells in voided urine has the potential to reveal the mechanism of the LUTS and develop new markers with non-invasive methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Shimura
- Department of Urology, University of Yamanashi Graduate School of Medical Science, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Takahiko Mitsui
- Department of Urology, University of Yamanashi Graduate School of Medical Science, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Sachiko Tsuchiya
- Department of Urology, University of Yamanashi Graduate School of Medical Science, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Miyamoto
- Department of Urology, Fujiyoshida Municipal Medical Center, Fujiyoshida, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Ihara
- Department of Urology, University of Yamanashi Graduate School of Medical Science, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Satoru Kira
- Department of Urology, University of Yamanashi Graduate School of Medical Science, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakagomi
- Department of Urology, University of Yamanashi Graduate School of Medical Science, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Norifumi Sawada
- Department of Urology, University of Yamanashi Graduate School of Medical Science, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Yuki Imai
- Department of Urology, University of Yamanashi Graduate School of Medical Science, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Takanori Mochizuki
- Department of Urology, University of Yamanashi Graduate School of Medical Science, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
| | - Masayuki Takeda
- Department of Urology, University of Yamanashi Graduate School of Medical Science, Chuo, Yamanashi, Japan
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Koh SD, Lee H, Ward SM, Sanders KM. The Mystery of the Interstitial Cells in the Urinary Bladder. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2017; 58:603-623. [PMID: 28992432 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010617-052615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Intrinsic mechanisms to restrain smooth muscle excitability are present in the bladder, and premature contractions during filling indicate a pathological phenotype. Some investigators have proposed that c-Kit+ interstitial cells (ICs) are pacemakers and intermediaries in efferent and afferent neural activity, but recent findings suggest these cells have been misidentified and their functions have been misinterpreted. Cells reported to be c-Kit+ cells colabel with vimentin antibodies, but vimentin is not a specific marker for c-Kit+ cells. A recent report shows that c-Kit+ cells in several species coexpress mast cell tryptase, suggesting that they are likely to be mast cells. In fact, most bladder ICs labeled with vimentin antibodies coexpress platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα). Rather than an excitatory phenotype, PDGFRα+ cells convey inhibitory regulation in the detrusor, and inhibitory mechanisms are activated by purines and stretch. PDGFRα+ cells restrain premature development of contractions during bladder filling, and overactive behavior develops when the inhibitory pathways in these cells are blocked. PDGFRα+ cells are also a prominent cell type in the submucosa and lamina propria, but little is known about their function in these locations. Effective pharmacological manipulation of bladder ICs depends on proper identification and further study of the pathways in these cells that affect bladder functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Don Koh
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA;
| | - Haeyeong Lee
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA;
| | - Sean M Ward
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA;
| | - Kenton M Sanders
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA;
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Thurmond P, Yang JH, Azadzoi KM. LUTS in pelvic ischemia: a new concept in voiding dysfunction. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 310:F738-F743. [DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00333.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are a group of voiding symptoms affecting both genders as they age. Traditionally, LUTS in men were commonly attributed to bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) due to benign prostatic enlargement (BPE). It was later shown that, in approximately one-third to more than one-half of cases, LUTS in men are not associated with BOO. Urodynamic changes in the male bladder and symptom scores in aging men were found to be identical to their age-matched female counterparts. These observations suggested that LUTS in the elderly do not necessarily relate to BOO and may result from local changes in bladder muscle, nerves, and blood vessels. However, aging factors predisposing to bladder dysfunction and LUTS remain unknown. Growing evidence suggests that aging-associated pelvic ischemia may be a primary factor in the development of nonobstructed nonneurogenic overactive bladder and LUTS. First identified in experimental models and later in clinical studies, pelvic ischemia has been shown to compromise the lower urinary tract structure and lead to dysfunction. Structural and functional consequences of bladder and prostate ischemia have been documented in animal models. Clinical studies have shown that bladder and prostate blood flow decreases with aging. The severity of LUTS in elderly patients correlates with the degrees of bladder ischemia. LUTS improvement with α blockers has been associated with increased bladder blood flow. Pelvic ischemia may be an independent factor in nonobstructed nonneurogenic bladder instability and LUTS. Further research into the pathophysiology of LUTS in pelvic ischemia may lead to better management of this problem in the elderly population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Portia Thurmond
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jing-Hua Yang
- Department of Urology, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Kazem M. Azadzoi
- Department of Urology and Department of Pathology, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System and Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
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Zhdanov AV, Golubeva AV, Okkelman IA, Cryan JF, Papkovsky DB. Imaging of oxygen gradients in giant umbrella cells: an ex vivo PLIM study. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2015; 309:C501-9. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00121.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
O2 plays a pivotal role in aerobic metabolism and regulation of cell and tissue function. Local differences and fluctuations in tissue O2 levels are well documented; however, the physiological significance of O2 microgradients, particularly at the subcellular level, remains poorly understood. Using the cell-penetrating phosphorescent O2 probe Pt-Glc and confocal fluorescence microscopy, we visualized O2 distribution in individual giant (>100-μm) umbrella cells located superficially in the urinary bladder epithelium. We optimized conditions for in vivo phosphorescent staining of the inner surface of the mouse bladder and subsequent ex vivo analysis of excised live tissue. Imaging experiments revealed significant (≤85 μM) and heterogeneous deoxygenation within respiring umbrella cells, with radial O2 gradients of up to 40 μM across the cell, or ∼0.6 μM/μm. Deeply deoxygenated (5–15 μM O2) regions were seen to correspond to the areas enriched with polarized mitochondria. Pharmacological activation of mitochondrial respiration decreased oxygenation and O2 gradients in umbrella cells, while inhibition with antimycin A dissipated the gradients and caused gradual reoxygenation of the tissue to ambient levels. Detailed three-dimensional maps of O2 distribution potentially can be used for the modeling of intracellular O2-dependent enzymatic reactions and downstream processes, such as hypoxia-inducible factor signaling. Further ex vivo and in vivo studies on intracellular and tissue O2 gradients using confocal imaging can shed light on the molecular mechanisms regulating O2-dependent (patho)physiological processes in the bladder and other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. V. Zhdanov
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - A. V. Golubeva
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and
| | - I. A. Okkelman
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - J. F. Cryan
- Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; and
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - D. B. Papkovsky
- School of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Nomiya M, Andersson KE, Yamaguchi O. Chronic bladder ischemia and oxidative stress: New pharmacotherapeutic targets for lower urinary tract symptoms. Int J Urol 2014; 22:40-6. [DOI: 10.1111/iju.12652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Nomiya
- Division of Bioengineering and LUTD Research; Nihon University School of Engineering; Koriyama Japan
| | - Karl-Erik Andersson
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine; Wake Forest University School of Medicine; Winston-Salem North Carolina USA
- Aarhus Institute for Advanced Studies; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
| | - Osamu Yamaguchi
- Division of Bioengineering and LUTD Research; Nihon University School of Engineering; Koriyama Japan
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