1
|
Liu Y, Lu L, Cheng P, Zhang S, Xu Y, Hu D, Ji G, Xu H. Wogonin Inhibits Colorectal Cancer Proliferation and Epithelial Mesenchymal Transformation by Suppressing Phosphorylation in the AKT Pathway. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2024; 52:1155-1172. [PMID: 38790087 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x24500460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Hence, there is a need to identify new therapeutic agents to improve the current repertoire of therapeutic drugs. Wogonin, a flavonoid from the herbal medicine Scutellaria baicalensis, has unique antitumor activity. Our study aimed to further explore the inhibitory effects of wogonin on colorectal cancer and its specific mechanism. The results showed that wogonin significantly inhibited the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells as well as their ability to invade and metastasize. We detected phosphorylation of tumor-associated signaling pathways using a phosphorylated protein microarray and found that wogonin intervention significantly inhibited the phosphorylation level of the AKT protein in colorectal cancer cells. Through in vitro and in vivo experiments, it was confirmed that wogonin exerted its antitumor effects against colorectal cancer by inhibiting phosphorylation in the AKT pathway. Our discovery of wogonin as an inhibitor of AKT phosphorylation provides new opportunities for the pharmacological treatment of colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yujing Liu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Disease and Syndrome Biology of Inflammatory Cancer Transformation, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Lu Lu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Disease and Syndrome Biology of Inflammatory Cancer Transformation, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Peiqiu Cheng
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Shengan Zhang
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Disease and Syndrome Biology of Inflammatory Cancer Transformation, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Yangxian Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Dan Hu
- Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, P. R. China
| | - Guang Ji
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Disease and Syndrome Biology of Inflammatory Cancer Transformation, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Hanchen Xu
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital, China-Canada Center of Research for Digestive Diseases (ccCRDD), Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Disease and Syndrome Biology of Inflammatory Cancer Transformation, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ben Rejeb S, Kouki N, Ben Ghachem D, Khouni H, Bellil K. Prognostic significance of E-Cadherin and B-Catenin in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2024; 45:261-270. [PMID: 38561917 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2024.2335154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Non muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) has unpredictable outcomes with a variable risk of recurrence and progression. Many clinic-pathological prognostic factors have been identified but remain insufficient, raising the need to investigate new biomarkers. The aim of our study was to assess the prognostic value of the immunohistochemical (IHC) markers E-Cadherin and B-Catenin in NMIBC. All cases of NMIBC were collected between 2008 and 2013. IHC analysis was performed using E-Cadherin and B-Catenin. Reduced or loss of E-Cadherin expression was assessed as abnormal. Only cases with B-Catenin intense membranous staining were considered normal. A correlation was found between abnormal E-Cadherin expression and stage (p = 0.001), grade (p = 0.0000000), recurrence (p = 0.0000000), progression (p = 0.01), recurrence-free survival (p = 0.00000001), and progression-free survival (p = 0.01). A statistically significant association was found between B-Catenin and stage (p = 0. 05), grade (p = 0.02), and recurrence (p = 0.02). The abnormal expression of these markers could help to identify a high-risk subgroup of NMIBC that might benefit from either more accurate follow-up or more aggressive treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarra Ben Rejeb
- Pathology Department, Security Forces Hospital, Marsa, Tunisia
| | - Nadia Kouki
- Pathology Department, Security Forces Hospital, Marsa, Tunisia
| | | | - Hassen Khouni
- Urology Department, Security Forces Hospital, Marsa, Tunisia
| | - Khadija Bellil
- Pathology Department, Security Forces Hospital, Marsa, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
De Carlo C, Valeri M, Corbitt DN, Cieri M, Colombo P. Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer biomarkers beyond morphology. Front Oncol 2022; 12:947446. [PMID: 35992775 PMCID: PMC9382689 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.947446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) still represents a challenge in decision-making and clinical management since prognostic and predictive biomarkers of response to treatment are still under investigation. In addition to the risk factors defined by EORTC guidelines, histological features have also been considered key variables able to impact on recurrence and progression in bladder cancer. Conversely, the role of genomic rearrangements or expression of specific proteins at tissue level need further assessment in NMIBC. As with muscle-invasive cancer, NMIBC is a heterogeneous disease, characterized by genomic instability, varying rates of mutation and a wide range of protein tissue expression. In this Review, we summarized the recent evidence on prognostic and predictive tissue biomarkers in NMIBC, beyond morphological parameters, outlining how they could affect tumor biology and consequently its behavior during clinical care. Our aim was to facilitate clinical evaluation of promising biomarkers that may be employed to better stratify patients. We described the most common molecular events and immunohistochemical protein expressions linked to recurrence and progression. Moreover, we discussed the link between available treatments and molecular drivers that could be predictive of clinical response. In conclusion, we foster further investigations with particular focus on immunohistochemical evaluation of tissue biomarkers, a promising and cost-effective tool for daily practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Camilla De Carlo
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Valeri
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Miriam Cieri
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Piergiuseppe Colombo
- Department of Pathology, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Piergiuseppe Colombo,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Yoneyama MS, Yoneyama T, Tobisawa Y, Yamamoto H, Hatakeyama S, Yoneyama T, Hashimoto Y, Suzuki T, Ohyama C. TMEM2 expression is downregulated as bladder cancer invades the muscle layer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 613:1-6. [PMID: 35525055 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.04.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Cell surface hyaluronidase transmembrane protein 2 (TMEM2), which also serves as a reportedly functions in malignancy of several solid tumors. However, TMEM2 involvement in bladder cancer (BCa) is unknown. Therefore, we investigate potential changes in expression of TMEM2 during BCa invasion and over the course of the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). Immunohistochemical analysis of 127 clinical specimens revealed that TMEM2 expression changed with pathological stage (pT) and infiltration pattern (INF) and was highest in pTa-pT1 of INFa tumors and significantly lower at stages from pTa-pT1 to pT2 or 3 in INFb or INFc. E-cadherin expression was highest in INFa and lowest in INFc, a pattern comparable to TMEM2 expression. TMEM2 protein expression analysis of BCa cell lines showed that muscle-invasive T24 and YTS-1 cells with low TMEM2 expression exhibited EMT phenotypes in vitro, in contrast to high TMEM2-expressing non-muscle invasive RT4 cells. EMT-induced non-muscle invasive RT4 cells also showed significantly decreased plasma membrane expression of TMEM2. Our data suggested TMEM2 expression is higher in non-invasive cancers, whereas invasive cancer cells are less likely to express TMEM2 during muscle-invasion and "partial EMT".
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mihoko Sutoh Yoneyama
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Cell Biology, Oyokyo Kidney Research Institute, Hirosaki 036-8243, Japan; Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Tohru Yoneyama
- Department of Glycotechnology, Center for Advanced Medical Research, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki, 036-8562, Japan.
| | - Yuki Tobisawa
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Hayato Yamamoto
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Shingo Hatakeyama
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan; Department of Advanced Blood Purification Therapy, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yoneyama
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan; Department of Advanced Transplant and Regenerative Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Hashimoto
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| | - Tadashi Suzuki
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Cell Biology, Oyokyo Kidney Research Institute, Hirosaki 036-8243, Japan
| | - Chikara Ohyama
- Department of Urology, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, 5 Zaifu-cho, Hirosaki 036-8562, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Tambunan MP, Saraswati M, Umbas R, Mochtar CA, Hamid ARAH. E-cadherin expressions on bladder and its association with cancer progressivity: a retrospective cohort study. AFRICAN JOURNAL OF UROLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s12301-022-00280-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Bladder cancer is characterized by high recurrence and progressivity. E-cadherin serves as one of the most important molecules involved in the epithelial cells’ cell-to-cell adherence, suggested to inhibit tumor cell progression. This study aims to investigate the association between the E-cadherin expressions with bladder cancer progressiveness in 3 years.
Methods
This study was a retrospective cohort study involving bladder cancer patients in Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta. Diagnosis of bladder cancers was confirmed by histopathological and immunohistochemistry examination between 2011 and 2018, with both grading and staging determined by uropathologists and uro-oncologists. E-cadherin was examined through immunohistochemistry examination at the time of diagnosis. Data on demography, muscle invasion, clinical staging, grade, metastasis, multifocality, and recurrence were obtained from medical records and pathology reports. The association of E-cadherin expression to muscle invasion and non-muscle invasion bladder cancer was evaluated and statistically analyzed. Patients’ survival data were followed up by phone.
Results
Forty bladder cancer patients with a mean age of 60.05 ± 10.3 years were included. Most subjects had high E-cadherin expression (85%), muscle invasion (65%), high grade (65%), no metastasis (87.5%), multifocality (65%), and no recurrence (62.5%). Lower expression of E-cadherin was associated with the higher clinical stage (p < 0.02) and metastasis (p < 0.001). Patients with low E-cadherin expression showed worse cumulative survival than the high one (mean 32 months vs. 25 months, p = 0.13).
Conclusions
Low level of E-cadherin was associated with the higher risk of muscle invasion, clinical staging, histological grade, and risk of metastasis. Meanwhile, patients with the high level of E-cadherin showed a better three-year survival rate.
Collapse
|
6
|
Morelli MB, Amantini C, Rossi de Vermandois JA, Gubbiotti M, Giannantoni A, Mearini E, Maggi F, Nabissi M, Marinelli O, Santoni M, Cimadamore A, Montironi R, Santoni G. Correlation between High PD-L1 and EMT/Invasive Genes Expression and Reduced Recurrence-Free Survival in Blood-Circulating Tumor Cells from Patients with Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13235989. [PMID: 34885101 PMCID: PMC8656875 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13235989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND PD-L1 represents a crucial immune checkpoint molecule in the tumor microenvironment, identified as a key target for cancer immunotherapy. A correlation between PD-L1 and EMT-related genes expression in various human cancers has been suggested. METHODS By ScreenCell filtration, digital droplet PCR and confocal microscopy analysis, we aimed to investigate the expression of PD-L1 and EMT/invasive genes (TWIST1, ZEB1, VIMENTIN, TIMP2) in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) collected from the blood of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patients, assessing the prognostic value of these biomarkers in the disease. Welchs' test and Mann-Whitney U test, correlation index, Kaplan-Meier, Univariate and Multivariate Cox hazard proportional analysis were used. RESULTS Higher PD-L1, TIMP2 and VIM mRNA levels were found in pT1 compared to pTa NMIBC. As evaluated by Kaplan-Meier and Univariate and Multivariate Cox analysis, enhancement of PD-L1, TWIST1 and TIMP2 expression reduces the recurrent free survival in NMIBC patients. CONCLUSIONS High PD-L1, TWIST1 and TIMP2 mRNAs mark the recurrent-NMIBC patients and by reducing the RFS represent negative prognostic biomarkers in these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Beatrice Morelli
- School of Pharmacy, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (F.M.); (M.N.); (O.M.)
- Correspondence: (M.B.M.); (G.S.); Tel.: +39-0737403312 (M.B.M.); +39-0737403319 (G.S.)
| | - Consuelo Amantini
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy;
| | | | | | - Antonella Giannantoni
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
- Neurosciences, Functional and Surgical Urology Unit, Santa Maria alle Scotte Hospital, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Ettore Mearini
- Urologic and Andrologic Clinics, University of Perugia, 05100 Perugia, Italy; (J.A.R.d.V.); (E.M.)
| | - Federica Maggi
- School of Pharmacy, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (F.M.); (M.N.); (O.M.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University Sapienza, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Nabissi
- School of Pharmacy, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (F.M.); (M.N.); (O.M.)
| | - Oliviero Marinelli
- School of Pharmacy, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (F.M.); (M.N.); (O.M.)
| | - Matteo Santoni
- Oncology Unit, Macerata Hospital, 62100 Macerata, Italy;
| | - Alessia Cimadamore
- Section of Pathological Anatomy, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health School of Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche Region, Umberto I Hospitals, 60121 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Rodolfo Montironi
- Molecular Medicine and Cell Therapy Foundation, Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche Region, 60126 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Giorgio Santoni
- School of Pharmacy, Section of Experimental Medicine, University of Camerino, 62032 Camerino, Italy; (F.M.); (M.N.); (O.M.)
- Correspondence: (M.B.M.); (G.S.); Tel.: +39-0737403312 (M.B.M.); +39-0737403319 (G.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Sikic D, Eckstein M, Weyerer V, Kubon J, Breyer J, Roghmann F, Kunath F, Keck B, Erben P, Hartmann A, Wirtz RM, Wullich B, Taubert H, Wach S. High expression of ERBB2 is an independent risk factor for reduced recurrence-free survival in patients with stage T1 non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Urol Oncol 2021; 40:63.e9-63.e18. [PMID: 34330652 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2021.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Molecular markers associated with breast cancer are assumed to be associated with outcome in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively investigated the association of the mRNA expression of estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) and 2 (ESR2), progesterone receptor (PGR), MKI67, and HER2 (ERBB2) with recurrence-free (RFS), cancer-specific (CSS), and overall survival (OS) in 80 patients with stage T1 NMIBC. RESULTS High expression of ESR2 (P = 0.003), ERBB2 (P < 0.001), and MKI67 (P = 0.029) was associated with shorter RFS. Only high ERBB2 was an independent prognostic factor for reduced RFS (HR = 2.98; P = 0.009). When sub stratifying the cohort, high ESR2 was associated with reduced RFS (P < 0.001), CSS (P = 0.037) and OS (P = 0.006) in patients without instillation therapy. High ESR2 was associated with reduced CSS (P = 0.018) and OS (P = 0.029) in females and with shorter RFS in both sexes (males: P = 0.035; females: P = 0.010). Patients with high ERBB2 showed reduced CSS (P = 0.011) and OS (P = 0.042) in females and reduced CSS (P = 0.012) in those without instillation, while RFS was significantly reduced irrespective of sex or instillation. CONCLUSION High mRNA expression of ERBB2 is an independent predictor of reduced RFS in patients with stage T1 NMIBC. High ERBB2 and ESR2 are associated with reduced outcomes, especially in females and patients without instillation therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danijel Sikic
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Markus Eckstein
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Veronika Weyerer
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jennifer Kubon
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Breyer
- Department of Urology, University of Regensburg, Caritas St. Josef Medical Center, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Florian Roghmann
- Department of Urology, Marien Hospital Herne, Ruhr University Bochum, Herne, Germany
| | - Frank Kunath
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Bastian Keck
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Erben
- Department of Urology, University Medical Centre Mannheim, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Arndt Hartmann
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany; Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ralph M Wirtz
- STRATIFYER Molecular Pathology GmbH, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bernd Wullich
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Helge Taubert
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sven Wach
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Huang M, Fu M, Wang J, Xia C, Zhang H, Xiong Y, He J, Liu J, Liu B, Pan S, Liu F. TGF-β1-activated cancer-associated fibroblasts promote breast cancer invasion, metastasis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition by autophagy or overexpression of FAP-α. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 188:114527. [PMID: 33741330 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play an important role in the initiation, metastasis, and invasion of breast cancer. However, whether autophagy acts as a tumor promotion mechanism by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is still controversial and remains undefined at the mechanistic levels. In this study, we investigated whether autophagy or FAP-α is required for the invasion, pulmonary metastasis and EMT of breast cancer cells and underlying mechanism. We employed an in vitro model of NIH3T3 fibroblasts treated with H2O2 and confirmed that TGF-β1 could convert fibroblasts into CAFs through autophagy under oxidative stress in the tumor microenvironment. Modulation of autophagy by rapamycin, 3-methyladenine or ATG-5 knockdown regulated the expression of CAFs markers, suggesting a role of autophagy in the tumor promotion mechanism of TGF-β1-induced CAFs activation. Furthermore, we established an indirect co-culture model and a mixed xenograft as a corresponding in vivo model. We demonstrated that TGF-β1-activated CAFs promote tumor invasion, pulmonary metastasis and EMT, which act through autophagy and overexpression of FAP-α in both models, while autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine blocked these effects induced by TGF-β1-activated CAFs. Moreover, the co-localization of LC3β and EMT marker vimentin in mixed xenograft also revealed that TGF-β1-activated CAFs promote tumor growth, pulmonary metastasis, and EMT program partly through autophagy. In addition, knockdown of FAP-α resulted in reversed EMT and abolished tumor invasion and pulmonary metastasis induced by TGF-β1-activated CAFs. Taken together, we conclude that both autophagy and FAP-α are required for breast cancer cell invasion and metastasis. Targeting autophagy or FAP-α rather than both can serve as a potential approach to improve the prognosis for human breast cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minli Huang
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China
| | - Mengru Fu
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China
| | - Jia Wang
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China
| | - Chunhua Xia
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China
| | - Yuqing Xiong
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China
| | - Jiake He
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, PR China
| | - Jianming Liu
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China
| | - Bingchen Liu
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China
| | - Siyi Pan
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China
| | - Fanglan Liu
- Clinical Pharmacology Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Li CF, Liang PI, Chan TC, Shiue YL. Molecular biology of urothelial carcinoma. JOURNAL OF CANCER RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/jcrp.jcrp_1_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
|
10
|
Moradi Tabriz H, Nazar E, Ahmadi SA, Azimi E, Majidi F. Survivin and Her2 Expressions in Different Grades of Urothelial Neoplasms of Urinary Bladder. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2020; 16:154-161. [PMID: 33936226 PMCID: PMC8085283 DOI: 10.30699/ijp.2020.130859.2447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Background & Objective: Urothelial neoplasm (UN) of bladder is a potentially lethal malignancy, particularly in locally advanced or metastatic cases. Development of molecular markers such as HER2 and Survivin may provide useful information on diagnosis and prognosis in UN of bladder. Methods: We studied the immunohistochemical (IHC) expression of HER2 and Survivin in 84 radical/partial cystectomy and transurethral resection (TUR) specimens with different histologic grades and stages. All samples were obtained from Pathology Department of Sina Hospital in Tehran, Iran from 2014 to 2018. Results: From the total number of 84 UN samples, 10 cases (11.9%) showed papillary neoplasm of low malignant potential, 30 cases (35.7%) presented with low-grade papillary urothelial neoplasm, and 44 cases (52.4%) diagnosed as high-grade papillary urothelial neoplasm. HER2 and Survivin expressions were seen in 44 (52.4%) (P=0.610) and 9 (10.7%) patients (P=0.046), respectively. Survivin expression showed a mild increase in high grade UN. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the IHC expression of Survivin and HER2 are not well associated with histological grades of urothelial neoplasms of bladder. This may be partly due to relatively small sample size and other factors such as patient characteristics or antibody specifications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hedieh Moradi Tabriz
- Department of Pathology, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Nazar
- Department of Pathology, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Ahmadi
- Department of Pathology, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Azimi
- Department of Pathology, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fazeleh Majidi
- Research and Development Center Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
A Novel Approach for Quantifying Cancer Cells Showing Hybrid Epithelial/Mesenchymal States in Large Series of Tissue Samples: Towards a New Prognostic Marker. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12040906. [PMID: 32276404 PMCID: PMC7226581 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In cancer biology, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is associated with tumorigenesis, stemness, invasion, metastasis, and resistance to therapy. Evidence of co-expression of epithelial and mesenchymal markers suggests that EMT should be a stepwise process with distinct intermediate states rather than a binary switch. In the present study, we propose a morphological approach that enables the detection and quantification of cancer cells with hybrid E/M states, i.e., which combine partially epithelial (E) and partially mesenchymal (M) states. This approach is based on a sequential immunohistochemistry technique performed on the same tissue section, the digitization of whole slides, and image processing. The aim is to extract quantitative indicators able to quantify the presence of hybrid E/M states in large series of human cancer samples and to analyze their relationship with cancer aggressiveness. As a proof of concept, we applied our methodology to a series of about a hundred urothelial carcinomas and demonstrated that the presence of cancer cells with hybrid E/M phenotypes at the time of diagnosis is strongly associated with a poor prognostic value, independently of standard clinicopathological features. Although validation on a larger case series and other cancer types is required, our data support the hybrid E/M score as a promising prognostic biomarker for carcinoma patients.
Collapse
|
12
|
Ziaran S, Harsanyi S, Bevizova K, Varchulova Novakova Z, Trebaticky B, Bujdak P, Galbavy S, Danisovic L. Expression of E-cadherin, Ki-67, and p53 in urinary bladder cancer in relation to progression, survival, and recurrence. Eur J Histochem 2020; 64. [PMID: 32214283 PMCID: PMC7118433 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2020.3098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the incidence varies with age and gender, urothelial bladder cancer is a relatively frequently occurring malignancy with variable clinical behavior that often has high recurrence rates. In this study, we analyzed the tumor tissues of 224 patients with pTa, pT1, and pT2 urinary bladder cancer. We performed a histomorphologic analysis and immunohistochemistry for p53, Ki-67, and E-cadherin, which were selected as markers of the malignant process. For pTa and pT1, univariate analyses of cancer-specific survival (CSS), progression-free survival (PFS), and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method, the logrank test and Cox regression. Multivariate analysis was performed by the Cox regression analysis. Ki-67 (P<0.001) was significantly associated with CSS, but the highest association was shown for E-cadherin (P<0.001). For pT1 and pTa, the Kaplan-Meier analysis and the log-rank test revealed significantly worse PFS for patients with higher levels of Ki-67 (P<0.001) and lower levels of E-cadherin (P<0.001). Based on these obtained results, it can be clearly stated that Ki-67 and E-cadherin expression levels are associated with CSS, PFS and RFS. The clinical utility of these markers is valuable for pTa and pT1 urinary bladder cancer and should be further verified with prospective multi-center trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stanislav Ziaran
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tian Y, Qi P, Niu Q, Hu X. Combined Snail and E-cadherin Predicts Overall Survival of Cervical Carcinoma Patients: Comparison Among Various Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Proteins. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:22. [PMID: 32185181 PMCID: PMC7058927 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Activation of Snail and synergistic loss of E-cadherin are hallmark features of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which contributes to the metastasis phenotype of epithelial cancer cells. However, the prognostic impact of Snail and of its combination with E-cadherin and with other EMT prognostic markers has not yet been systematically studied in cervical carcinoma. This study aimed to explore the prognostic value of combined Snail and E-cadherin in patients with cervical carcinoma and compared it to the prognostic value of other EMT prognostic markers. Methods We retrospectively identified every initial diagnosis of cervical carcinoma among 203 patients treated at our hospital in China from January 2008 to March 2013. We examined the prognostic significance of Snail and other EMT protein markers, such as E-cadherin, Slug, ZEB1, Twist, Vimentin, and Survivin, by univariate and multivariate survival analyses. Results Multivariate analyses showed that Snail and E-cadherin were significant biomarkers for overall survival (OS) in cervical carcinoma patients (HR, hazard ratio = 1.744, P = 0.036 and HR = 1.738, P = 0.047; respectively). Moreover, a combined index including Snail and E-cadherin showed enhanced prognostic value compared to that of Snail or E-cadherin alone. The present data demonstrate that Snail shows a negative correlation with E-cadherin (P < 0.001). High Snail expression and low E-cadherin expression were also more common in high tumor stages (P = 0.044 and P = 0.036; respectively), and lymph node metastasis (both P < 0.001). Moreover, Snail was a superior prognosis factor compared to Slug, ZEB1, Twist, Vimentin, and Survivin in cervical carcinoma. Conclusion Based on our results, Snail and E-cadherin may be considered as independent prognosis markers, and the combination of Snail and E-cadherin might improve the OS prediction accuracy for patients with cervical carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuejun Tian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ping Qi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qian Niu
- Department of Pathology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xuemei Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Yang T, Fan J, Liang H, He D, Zeng X, Fan J, Wu K. Reduced E-cadherin expression as a prognostic factor in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Prog Urol 2020; 30:66-74. [PMID: 32061496 DOI: 10.1016/j.purol.2019.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES The exact role of E-cadherin in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is still unknown, and the aims of this study were to prove whether reduced E-cadherin expression can be a prognostic factor in patients with NMIBC. MATERIALS AND METHODS A meta-analysis was conducted to assess the prognostic value of reduced E-cadherin expression in NMIBC. The PubMed, Embase and Web of Science databases were included in the study search. RESULTS Fifteen studies with a total of 1538 NMIBC patients were included. The results showed that reduced E-cadherin expression was significantly associated with poor recurrence-free survival (RFS) (pooled HR 2.16, 95% CI 1.22-3.85) and progression-free survival (PFS) (pooled HR 1.91, 95% CI 1.52-2.40) in NMIBC patients. CONCLUSION E-cadherin can be a prognostic factor for patients with NMIBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Yang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi'an, PR China
| | - J Fan
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi'an, PR China
| | - H Liang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi'an, PR China
| | - D He
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi'an, PR China
| | - X Zeng
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, 430071 Wuhan, PR China
| | - J Fan
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi'an, PR China
| | - K Wu
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710061 Xi'an, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Miola AC, Castilho MA, Schmitt JV, Marques MEA, Miot HA. Contribution to characterization of skin field cancerization activity: morphometric, chromatin texture, proliferation, and apoptosis aspects. An Bras Dermatol 2019; 94:698-703. [PMID: 31789247 PMCID: PMC6939182 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A skin field cancerization is a cutaneous area with subclinical changes resultant from chronic sun exposure, with a higher predisposition to development of pre-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions. So far, there are no well-defined objective parameters that can indicate their degree of activity. OBJECTIVES To describe and compare morphometric aspects and expression of factors related to apoptosis and cell proliferation in actinic keratosis (AK), in both photoexposed and photoprotected epidermis. METHODS A cross-sectional study of patients with actinic keratosis in the forearms, biopsied at two points: the actinic keratosis and the axillary region. The biopsies of the actinic keratosis, perilesional area, and axilla were evaluated through keratinocyte intraepithelial neoplasia (KIN), and immunohistochemistry of p53, survivin, and Ki67. Nuclear morphometry of basal layer cells was performed through digital image analysis: entropy, area, perimeter, Ra, fractal dimension, circularity, color intensity, and largest diameter. RESULTS There were 13 patients included and 38 actinic keratosis biopsied. In morphometry, 1039 nuclei were analyzed, of which 228 represented axillary skin, 396 demonstrated actinic keratosis, and 415 represented the perilesional area to the actinic keratosis. There was a significant difference (p<0.05) in all variables tested for the topographies evaluated. A significant correlation was identified between nucellar morphometric elements, KIN, proliferation markers, and apoptosis. Joint patterns of p53, Ki67, and KIN discriminated the topographies sampled. STUDY LIMITATIONS This was a cross-sectional study with a small number of patients. CONCLUSIONS There are patterns of proliferation, resistance to apoptosis, and different cellular morphometrics between photoprotected skin and photoexposed skin. The joint expression of p53, Ki67, and KIN can characterize skin field cancerization activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Carolina Miola
- Department of Dermatology and Radiotherapy, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil; Department of Dermatology, Instituto Lauro de Souza Lima, Bauru, SP, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Anteghini Castilho
- Discipline of Radiology and Diagnostic Imaging, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliano Vilaverde Schmitt
- Department of Dermatology and Radiotherapy, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Helio Amante Miot
- Department of Dermatology and Radiotherapy, Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Tae BS, Jeong CW, Kwak C, Kim HH, Ku JH. Does reduced E-cadherin expression correlate with poor prognosis in patients with upper tract urothelial cell carcinoma?: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e17377. [PMID: 31577742 PMCID: PMC6783224 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000017377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND E-cadherin has emerged as a prognostic factor of urothelial cell carcinoma. In the present work we investigate the relationship between expression of E-cadherin and clinical outcomes, following radical nephroureterectomy for upper tract urothelial cell carcinoma. METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases to identify eligible studies published until July 2017. RESULT Six studies were included in the meta-analysis, with a total of 1014 patients. The pooled hazard ratio (HR) for recurrence-free survivor was 0.69 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.44-1.09, I = 63%, P = .04). Also, reduced E-cadherin was not significantly associated with poor cancer-specific survivor (pooled HR, 1.40; 95% CI, 0.66-1.43, I = 54%, P = .11). The pooled HR for overall survivor was not statistically significant (pooled HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.32-1.46, I = 80%, P = .007). The results of the Begg and Egger tests suggested that publication bias was not evident in this meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS Reduced E-cadherin expression did not appear to be significantly associated with disease prognosis after nephroureterectomy in the meta-analysis. However, further high quality, prospective studies are warranted to better address this issue.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bum Sik Tae
- Department of Urology, Korea University Ansan Hospital,
| | - Chang Wook Jeong
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol Kwak
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeon Hoe Kim
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ja Hyeon Ku
- Department of Urology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Prognostic value and association with epithelial-mesenchymal transition and molecular subtypes of the proteoglycan biglycan in advanced bladder cancer. Urol Oncol 2019; 37:530.e9-530.e18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 04/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
18
|
Goulet CR, Champagne A, Bernard G, Vandal D, Chabaud S, Pouliot F, Bolduc S. Cancer-associated fibroblasts induce epithelial-mesenchymal transition of bladder cancer cells through paracrine IL-6 signalling. BMC Cancer 2019; 19:137. [PMID: 30744595 PMCID: PMC6371428 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-019-5353-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), activated by tumour cells, are the predominant type of stromal cells in cancer tissue and play an important role in interacting with neoplastic cells to promote cancer progression. Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a key feature of metastatic cells. However, the mechanism by which CAFs induce EMT program in bladder cancer cells remains unclear. METHODS To investigate the role of CAFs in bladder cancer progression, healthy primary bladder fibroblasts (HFs) were induced into CAFs (iCAFs) by bladder cancer-derived exosomes. Effect of conditioned medium from iCAFs (CM iCAF) on EMT markers expression of non-invasive RT4 bladder cancer cell line was determined by qPCR and Western blot. IL6 expression in iCAFs was evaluated by ELISA and Western blot. RT4 cell proliferation, migration and invasion were assessed in CM iCAF +/- anti-IL6 neutralizing antibody using cyQUANT assay, scratch test and transwell chamber respectively. We investigated IL6 expression relevance for bladder cancer progression by querying gene expression datasets of human bladder cancer specimens from TCGA and GEO genomic data platforms. RESULTS Cancer exosome-treated HFs showed CAFs characteristics with high expression levels of αSMA and FAP. We showed that the CM iCAF induces the upregulation of mesenchymal markers, such as N-cadherin and vimentin, while repressing epithelial markers E-cadherin and p-ß-catenin expression in non-invasive RT4 cells. Moreover, EMT transcription factors SNAIL1, TWIST1 and ZEB1 were upregulated in CM iCAF-cultured RT4 cells compared to control. We also showed that the IL-6 cytokine was highly expressed by CAFs, and its receptor IL-6R was found on RT4 bladder cancer cells. The culture of RT4 bladder cancer cells with CM iCAF resulted in markedly promoted cell growth, migration and invasion. Importantly, inhibition of CAFs-secreted IL-6 by neutralizing antibody significantly reversed the IL-6-induced EMT phenotype, suggesting that this cytokine is necessary for CAF-induced EMT in the progression of human bladder cancer. Finally, we observed that IL6 expression is up-regulated in aggressive bladder cancer and correlate with CAF marker ACTA2. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that CAFs promote aggressive phenotypes of non-invasive bladder cancer cells through an EMT induced by the secretion of IL-6.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Ringuette Goulet
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale/LOEX, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, QC, Québec Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, QC, Quebec Canada
- Oncology Division, CHU de Québec Research Center, QC, Quebec Canada
| | - Audrey Champagne
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, QC, Quebec Canada
- Oncology Division, CHU de Québec Research Center, QC, Quebec Canada
| | - Geneviève Bernard
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale/LOEX, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, QC, Québec Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, QC, Quebec Canada
| | - Dominique Vandal
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale/LOEX, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, QC, Québec Canada
| | - Stéphane Chabaud
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale/LOEX, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, QC, Québec Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, QC, Quebec Canada
| | - Frédéric Pouliot
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, QC, Quebec Canada
- Oncology Division, CHU de Québec Research Center, QC, Quebec Canada
| | - Stéphane Bolduc
- Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale/LOEX, Regenerative Medicine Division, CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, QC, Québec Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, QC, Quebec Canada
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, Centre de recherche en organogénèse expérimentale de l’Université Laval/LOEX, 1401, 18e rue, Quebec city, Québec G1J 1Z4 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Expression of E-cadherin, β-catenin, and epithelial membrane antigen does not predict survival in patients with high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Cent Eur J Immunol 2018; 43:421-427. [PMID: 30799990 PMCID: PMC6384421 DOI: 10.5114/ceji.2018.79509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2018] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study The aim of the study was to validate the value of E-cadherin and β-catenin expression and to test an alternative prognostic marker, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA). Material and methods Forty-nine consecutive patients with primary stage T1 non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) were enrolled in this study. Tissue specimens were stained with the following mouse anti-human antibodies: anti-E-cadherin, anti-β-catenin, and anti-EMA. Reaction intensity within cancer cells was assessed according to the immunoreactive score (IRS). Finally, the association between the expression of selected proteins and patient survival was assessed. Results The mean follow-up was 34.8 months. Recurrence-free survival, progression-free survival, and overall survival (OS) were 47.5%, 72.5%, and 72.5%, respectively. Differences in the IRS for β-catenin and EMA were found clinically, but were not statistically significant in prediction of the risk of disease progression (p > 0.05). No difference in protein expression was observed regarding the risk of recurrence, OS, or cancer-specific mortality (p > 0.05). Stratification of patients based on the IRS into three groups (poor, moderate, and intensive reaction) failed to identify a prognostic marker among the tested proteins (p > 0.05). Conclusions Expression of E-cadherin, β-catenin, and EMA cannot reliably predict survival in patients with high-risk NMIBC. Further searches are needed to identify tissue markers of progression and recurrence in NMIBC.
Collapse
|
20
|
Li C, Liu J, Zhang Q, Cui K, Ge Q, Wang C, Chen Z. Upregulation of E‑cadherin expression mediated by a novel dsRNA suppresses the growth and metastasis of bladder cancer cells by inhibiting β-catenin/TCF target genes. Int J Oncol 2018; 52:1815-1826. [PMID: 29620261 PMCID: PMC5919711 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2018.4346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Low expression levels of E-cadherin are correlated with poor prognosis in patients with bladder cancer (BCa). A small activating RNA (saRNA) targeting a specific promoter region can activate gene expression. In the present study, two small double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) targeting the promoter region of human E-cadherin were designed and synthesized, and the regulatory role of saRNAs in E-cadherin expression was investigated. The results of reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting demonstrated that transfection of dsEcad-346 into the BCa cell lines T24 and 5637 significantly activated E-cadherin expression. Furthermore, transfection of dsEcad-346 and miR-373 induced cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase, promoted apoptosis and significantly inhibited migration and invasion of BCa cells. Results of immunofluorescence and western blotting indicated that β-catenin was redistributed from the nucleus to the cell membrane following transfection of dsEcad-346 and miR-373. Additionally, the expression of β-catenin/T-cell factor complex (TCF) target genes (c-MYC, matrix metallopeptidase 2, cyclin D1) was suppressed following transfection of BCa cells with saRNA. Silencing of E-cadherin expression blocked the inhibitory effect of dsEcad-346 and miR-373 on BCa cells. In conclusion, a novel designed dsEcad-346 can activate the expression of E-cadherin in BCa cells. saRNA-mediated activation of E-cadherin expression inhibited the growth and metastasis of BCa cells by promoting the redistribution of β-catenin from nucleus to cell membrane and inhibiting the β-catenin/TCF target genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanchang Li
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Jiaxuan Liu
- Department of Pathology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
| | - Qingsong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Kai Cui
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Qiangqiang Ge
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Chenghe Wang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Yang Y, Xu J, Zhang Q. Detection of urinary survivin using a magnetic particles-based chemiluminescence immunoassay for the preliminary diagnosis of bladder cancer and renal cell carcinoma combined with LAPTM4B. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:7923-7933. [PMID: 29725479 PMCID: PMC5920492 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to establish a simple step magnetic particles (MPs) based chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay (CLEIA) for the detection of urinary survivin, and to investigate the diagnostic value of urinary survivin and lysosome-associated protein transmembrane-4β (LAPTM4B) in bladder cancer (BC) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The MPs-based CLEIA was developed on the basis of a double antibodies sandwich immunoreaction and luminol-H2O2 chemiluminescence system. The parameters of the method were optimized and evaluated. Urine samples were obtained from 200 BC patients, 81 RCC patients and 114 healthy individuals, and the MPs-based CLEIA method was employed to detect their urinary survivin. At the same time, the urinary LAPTM4B levels of the BC patients, RCC patients and the healthy controls were measured. The diagnostic efficiency of urinary survivin and LAPTM4B in BC and RCC was evaluated separately and jointly. A one-step MPs-based CLEIA for the detection of urinary survivin with good accuracy and precision was established. The signals were dependent on survivin concentrations in the range, 0 to 200 ng/ml, and the detection limit was 0.949 ng/ml. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) were 0.771 in BC and 0.763 in RCC for urinary survivin. Urinary survivin was correlated with the tumor stage (P=0.002), lymph node metastasis (P=0.017), distant metastasis (P=0.005) and tumor size (P=0.02) of BC; however, no association with the clinicopathological parameters in RCC was observed. The AUCs for urinary LAPTM4B were 0.738 in BC and 0.704 in RCC, respectively. The AUCs for them combined were 0.842 in BC and 0.920 in RCC. The MPs-based CLEIA was performed well in the detection of urinary survivin. Urinary survivin and LAPTM4B could serve as potential biomarkers for the preliminary diagnosis of BC and RCC, and in combination they a achieved a greater diagnostic performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Jianjun Xu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| | - Qingyun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing 100142, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
The impact of acute inflammation on progression and metastasis in pancreatic cancer animal model. Surg Oncol 2018; 27:61-69. [DOI: 10.1016/j.suronc.2017.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 11/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
23
|
Zhang Q, Wang C, Miao S, Li C, Chen Z, Li F. Enhancing E-cadherin expression via promoter-targeted miR-373 suppresses bladder cancer cells growth and metastasis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:93969-93983. [PMID: 29212202 PMCID: PMC5706848 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies showed that miR-373 had the capacity to induce tumor suppressor gene E-cadherin expression in prostate cancer cells. However, whether miR-373 can activate the expression of E-cadherin in human bladder cancer (BCa) cells and inhibit cells remains to be elucidated. Here, we found that both miR-373 and E-cadherin were low expressed in BCa tissues and cell lines, and significantly correlated with tumor stage, grade, and lymph node metastasis. In addition, decreased E-cadherin expression or low expression of both miR-373 and E-cadherin is associated with poor overall survival in patients with BCa. Transfection of miR-373 into BCa cells readily activated E-cadherin expression by targeting promoter. Moreover, miR-373 exhibited robust capacity to inhibit cells proliferation, suppress migration and invasion by enhancing E-cadherin expression, and significantly suppress the growth of xenografts and metastasis in nude mice. Altogether, our findings indicate that miR-373 may as a tumor suppressor in BCa by activating E-cadherin expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Zhang
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Chenghe Wang
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Shuo Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Chuanchang Li
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Urology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Reduced E-cadherin expression is correlated with poor prognosis in patients with bladder cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:62489-62499. [PMID: 28977963 PMCID: PMC5617523 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The prognostic significance of E-cadherin expression in bladder cancer (BC) has been elevated for years, but published results remain controversial and inconsistent. We thus performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the association between E-cadherin expression and BC prognosis. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases to identify eligible studies published until March 2017. On the basis of our inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 2,089 patients from 19 studies were eligible for final analysis. Our results showed that reduced E-cadherin expression in BC was associated with poor overall survival (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.73, 95% CI: 1.74–4.27, p < 0.001), poor progression-free survival (HR = 6.39, 95% CI: 3.48–11.73, p < 0.001), and poor recurrence-free survival (HR = 2.48, 95% CI: 1.68–3.64, p < 0.001). Moreover, reduced E-cadherin expression was significantly correlated with pathological T stage (T2-4 vs. Ta-1: risk ratio [RR] = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.70–2.71), metastasis (yes vs. no: RR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.17–2.40), grade (3 vs. 1/2: RR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.29–1.93), and carcinoma in situ (yes vs. no: RR = 1.68, 95% CI: 1.09–2.58). This meta-analysis suggested that reduced E-cadherin expression was associated with poor prognosis and advanced clinicopathological characteristics and can serve as a useful biomarker for the clinical management of BC.
Collapse
|
25
|
NF-κB suppresses apoptosis and promotes bladder cancer cell proliferation by upregulating survivin expression in vitro and in vivo. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40723. [PMID: 28139689 PMCID: PMC5282527 DOI: 10.1038/srep40723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) activation is a common phenomenon in cancers, which results in the aberrant expression of NF-κB target genes and leads to malignant transformation, metastatic dissemination, abnormal cell proliferation or resistance to cell death. Survivin is a unique member of the IAP family, a well-known cancer-specific molecule and a molecular marker of poor clinical outcome in several cancer types, including bladder cancer. YM-155, a potent survivin suppressor, has been shown to have anti-tumor activity in preclinical cell lines, xenograft models and phase I/II studies. In the present study, we investigated the function of the NF-κB/survivin pathway in bladder cancer. We found that NF-κB can promote cell cycle progression and reduce apoptosis by upregulating survivin expression, thereby increasing cellular proliferation. We further confirmed the tumorigenic function of the NF-κB/survivin pathway in vivo using a xenograft tumor model of stable NF-κB-overexpressing 5637 cells. Moreover, we found that YM-155 significantly induced apoptosis and decreased cellular proliferation as well as tumor growth in mice. Our results demonstrate the carcinogenic function of the NF-κB/survivin pathway in bladder cancer and the role of YM-155 as a promising agent for the strategic treatment of bladder cancer.
Collapse
|
26
|
Yang R, Liu M, Liang H, Guo S, Guo X, Yuan M, Lian H, Yan X, Zhang S, Chen X, Fang F, Guo H, Zhang C. miR-138-5p contributes to cell proliferation and invasion by targeting Survivin in bladder cancer cells. Mol Cancer 2016; 15:82. [PMID: 27978829 PMCID: PMC5159976 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-016-0569-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Survivin (encoded by the gene BIRC5) plays an important role in the carcinogenesis of bladder cancer. Identifying miRNAs that target Survivin in the setting of bladder cancer will help to develop Survivin-based therapies for bladder cancer. Methods The expression levels of miR-138-5p and Survivin protein were measured in 12 resected bladder cancer specimens. The correlation between miR-138-5p and Survivin was further examined by evaluating Survivin expression in human bladder cancer cell lines that either overexpressed or knocked down miR-138-5p. A luciferase reporter assay was performed to test the direct binding of miR-138-5p to the target gene BIRC5. We also investigated the biological role of miR-138-5p targeting to Survivin in bladder cancer cell lines both in vivo and in vitro. Results In this study, we found that the Survivin protein was either absent or weakly expressed in normal adjacent tissues and consistently up-regulated in bladder cancer tissues; however, the mRNA levels did not vary as much, suggesting that a post-transcriptional mechanism was involved. Because microRNAs are powerful post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, we used bioinformatic analyses to search for microRNAs that could potentially target BIRC5 in the setting of bladder cancer. We identified 2 specific targeting sites for miR-138-5p in the 3′ untranslated region (3′-UTR) of BIRC5. We further identified an inverse correlation between miR-138-5p and Survivin protein levels in bladder cancer tissue samples. By overexpressing or knocking down miR-138-5p in bladder cancer cells, we experimentally confirmed that miR-138-5p directly recognizes the 3′-UTR of the BIRC5 transcript and regulates Survivin expression. Furthermore, the biological consequences of the targeting of BIRC5 by miR-138-5p were examined in vitro via cell proliferation and invasion assays and in vivo using a mouse xenograft tumor model. We demonstrated that BIRC5 repression by miR-138-5p suppressed the proliferative and invasive characteristics of bladder cancer cells and that miR-138-5p exerted an anti-tumor effect by negatively regulating BIRC5 in a xenograft mouse model. Conclusions Taken together, our findings provide the first clues regarding the role of miR-138-5p as a tumor suppressor in bladder cancer by inhibiting BIRC5 translation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-016-0569-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Yang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China.,Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Minghui Liu
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Hongwei Liang
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Suhan Guo
- School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China
| | - Xu Guo
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Min Yuan
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Huibo Lian
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Xiang Yan
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Shiwei Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China.
| | - Feng Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, China.
| | - Hongqian Guo
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210008, China.
| | - Chenyu Zhang
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for microRNA Biology and Biotechnology, State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kobayashi T. Understanding the biology of urothelial cancer metastasis. Asian J Urol 2016; 3:211-222. [PMID: 29264189 PMCID: PMC5730871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajur.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Management of unresectable urothelial cancer (UC) has been a clinical challenge for decades. While drug resistance is a key issue, precise understanding of biology of UC metastasis is another challenge for the improvement of treatment outcome of UC patients. Introduction of the cell biology concepts including epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stemness seems to explain UC metastasis. Molecular genetics based on gene expression profiling, next generation sequencing, and explosion of non-coding RNA world has opened the door to intrinsic molecular subtyping of UC. Next steps include, based on the recently accumulated understanding, the establishment of novel disease models representing UC metastasis in various experimental platforms, particularly in vivo animal systems. Indeed, novel knowledge molecular genetics has not been fully linked to the modeling of UC metastasis. Further understanding of bladder carcinogenesis is needed particularly with regard to cell of origin related to tumor characteristics including driver gene alterations, pathological differentiations, and metastatic ability. Then we will be able to establish better disease models, which will consequently lead us to further understanding of biology and eventually the development of novel therapeutic strategies for UC metastasis.
Collapse
|
28
|
T1 high-grade bladder carcinoma outcome: the role of p16, topoisomerase-IIα, survivin, and E-cadherin. Hum Pathol 2016; 57:78-84. [PMID: 27473264 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2016.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 06/05/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
High-grade papillary urothelial carcinoma with subepithelial connective tissue invasion (T1HG) is an aggressive disease at high risk of progression after transurethral resection/Bacillus Calmette-Guerin standardized therapy. The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer has identified T1HG bladder carcinoma that is single and ≤3 cm in the largest dimension at first diagnosis as a category in which the prognosis cannot be further stratified based on conventional criteria. This category may benefit from biomarker analysis as a valuable tool to determine the patient's outcome. To further the issue of biomarkers in predicting aggressiveness in single T1HG bladder carcinoma ≤3 cm in greatest dimension at first diagnosis, we have conducted a validation study of the biomarker risk score set previously reported by our group. The study set included immunohistochemical detection of galectin-3, CD44, E-cadherin (E-CAD), CD138, p16, survivin, HYAL-1, and topoisomerase-IIα in 92 randomly selected specimens at participating institutions. Topoisomerase-IIα expression was identified as a predictor of disease-free survival. p16, survivin, and E-CAD expression predicted progression-free survival, but p16 and E-CAD also predicted overall survival. The current study validates a panel of immunohistochemical markers with the potential of being implemented in practice and supports the use of biomarkers in predicting aggressiveness in patients with first diagnosis of single T1HG bladder carcinoma ≤3 cm in greatest dimension and therefore in identifying patients who need closer surveillance or earlier aggressive treatment.
Collapse
|
29
|
Survivin Modulates Squamous Cell Carcinoma-Derived Stem-Like Cell Proliferation, Viability and Tumor Formation in Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17010089. [PMID: 26771605 PMCID: PMC4730332 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Squamous Cell Carcinoma-derived Stem-like Cells (SCC-SC) originate from alterations in keratinocyte stem cells (KSC) gene expression and sustain tumor development, invasion and recurrence. Since survivin, a KSC marker, is highly expressed in SCC-SC, we evaluate its role in SCC-SC cell growth and SCC models. Survivin silencing by siRNA decreases clonal growth of SCC keratinocytes and viability of total, rapidly adhering (RAD) and non-RAD (NRAD) cells from primary SCC. Similarly, survivin silencing reduces the expression of stem cell markers (OCT4, NOTCH1, CD133, β1-integrin), while it increases the level of differentiation markers (K10, involucrin). Moreover, survivin silencing improves the malignant phenotype of SCC 3D-reconstruct, as demonstrated by reduced epidermal thickness, lower Ki-67 positive cell number, and decreased expression of MMP9 and psoriasin. Furthermore, survivin depletion by siRNA in RasG12V-IκBα-derived tumors leads to smaller tumor formation characterized by lower mitotic index and reduced expression of the tumor-associated marker HIF1α, VEGF and CD51. Therefore, our results indicate survivin as a key gene in regulating SCC cancer stem cell formation and cSCC development.
Collapse
|