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Alsalamah A, Callinan C. The Kirkpatrick model for training evaluation: bibliometric analysis after 60 years (1959–2020). INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL TRAINING 2021. [DOI: 10.1108/ict-12-2020-0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Purpose
A number of studies on Kirkpatrick’s four-level training evaluation model have been published, since its inception in 1959, either investigating it or applying it to evaluate the training process. The purpose of this bibliometric analysis is to reconsider the model, its utility and its effectiveness in meeting the need to evaluate training activities and to explain why the model is still worth using even though other later models are available.
Design/methodology/approach
This study adopts a “5Ws+1H” model (why, when, who, where, what and how); however, “when” and “how” are merged in the methodology. A total of 416 articles related to Kirkpatrick’s model published between 1959 and July 2020 were retrieved using Scopus.
Findings
The Kirkpatrick model continues to be useful, appropriate and applicable in a variety of contexts. It is adaptable to many training environments and achieves high performance in evaluating training. The overview of publications on the Kirkpatrick model shows that research using the model is an active and growing area. The model is used primarily in the evaluation of medical training, followed by computer science, business and social sciences.
Originality/value
This paper presents a comprehensive bibliometric analysis to reconsider the model, its utility, its effectiveness in meeting the need to evaluate training activities, its importance in the field measured by the growth in studies on the model and its applications in various settings and contexts.
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Somani B, Liatsikos E, Mottrie A, Gözen AS, Breda A, Knoll T, Bianchi G, Sarica K, Bedke J, Rassweiler J. Outcomes of EAU-endorsed Live Surgical Events over a 5-year Period (2015-2020) and Updated Guidelines from the EAU Live Surgery Committee. Eur Urol 2021; 80:592-600. [PMID: 34020827 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2021.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Live surgery events (LSEs) have been used in all surgical fields for education and training and to demonstrate new techniques. The European Association of Urology (EAU) live surgery guidelines were established in 2014. OBJECTIVE To review the compliance of outcomes for procedures performed at EAU-affiliated LSEs with the 2014 guidelines and to establish updated guidelines for LSEs and semi-LSEs. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION Patients from EAU-affiliated LSEs were included for all surgical procedures carried out between January 2015 and January 2020. All these events were pre-evaluated by the EAU Live Surgery Committee and met the criteria for an EAU LSE, with outcomes recorded and submitted to the registry. Data were collected for the type of procedure and for intraoperative and short- and long-term complications. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS A total of 246 procedures were performed across 18 LSEs, with an annual volume ranging from 19 to 74 procedures. These included 109 (44.3%) robot-assisted procedures, 21 (8.5%) laparoscopic procedures, 10 (4%) transurethral bladder procedures, 11 (4.4%) prostate enucleation procedures, 72 (29.2%) endourological procedures, and 23 (9.3%) andrology or reconstruction procedures. A total of 77 different surgical techniques and variations for 55 different types of surgery were performed as LSEs over the past 5 yr. There were 44 (17.8%) short-term complications and 11.3% (nine/79) long-term complications observed, with Clavien grade III/IV complications seen in 5.2% and 7.5% of cases over short- and long-term follow-up, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The 5-yr outcomes for EAU LSEs show that they are safe and follow previous guidelines set by the panel. It seems likely that the fine balance between patient safety and educational value might be best achieved if LSEs are performed by local surgeons in their parent hospital with patients and staff they know, and that technological advances will make live streaming a seamless process. The current EAU Live Surgery Committee has updated the guidelines on LSEs and provided new guidelines for semi-live events. PATIENT SUMMARY We reviewed 5-year outcomes for live surgery events endorsed by the European Association of Urology. We found that the operations carried out at these events were safe and followed the guidelines previously set. We have updated the guidelines and provided new guidelines for semi-live events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Somani
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Trust, Southampton, UK; KMC Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India; University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
| | - Evangelos Liatsikos
- University of Patras, Patras, Greece; Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Institute for Urology and Reproductive Health, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexandre Mottrie
- OLV Ziekenhuis Aalst-Asse-Ninove, Aalst, Belgium; Intuitive Surgical, Aubonne, Switzerland; ORSI Academy, Melle, Belgium
| | - Ali S Gözen
- Trakya Tip Fak Hospital, Edirne, Turkey; Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, SLK Kliniken Heilbronn, Teaching hospital of Heidelberg University, Germany
| | - Alberto Breda
- Fundació Puigvert, Barcelona, Spain; Autónoma University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas Knoll
- Mannheim University Hospital, Mannheim, Germany; Sindelfingen Medical Center, University of Tübingen, Sindelfingen, Germany
| | | | - Kemal Sarica
- Department of Urology, Biruni University Medical School, Turkey
| | - Jens Bedke
- Department of Urology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jens Rassweiler
- Department of Urology and Pediatric Urology, SLK Kliniken Heilbronn, Teaching hospital of Heidelberg University, Germany
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Policastro CG, Simhan J, Martins FE, Lumen N, Venkatesan K, Angulo JC, Gupta S, Rusilko P, Ramírez Pérez EA, Redger K, Flynn BJ, Hughes M, Blakely S, Nikolavsky D. A multi-institutional critical assessment of dorsal onlay urethroplasty for post-radiation urethral stenosis. World J Urol 2020; 39:2669-2675. [PMID: 32944804 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-020-03446-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To critically evaluate a multi-institutional patient cohort undergoing Dorsal-Onlay Buccal Mucosal Graft Urethroplasty (D-BMGU) for recurrent post-radiation posterior urethral stenosis. METHODS Retrospective multi-institutional review of patients with posterior urethral stenosis from 10 institutions between 2010-2019 was performed. Patients with at least 1-year follow-up were assessed. Patient demographics, stenosis characteristics, peri-operative outcomes, and post-operative clinical and patient-reported outcomes were analyzed. The primary outcomes were stenosis recurrence and de-novo stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Secondary outcomes were changes in voiding, sexual function, and patient-reported satisfaction. RESULTS Seventy-nine men with post-radiation urethral stenosis treated with D-BMGU met inclusion criteria. Median age and stenosis length were 72 years, (IQR 66-75), and 3.0 cm (IQR 2.5-4 cm), respectively. Radiation modalities included: 36 (45.6%) external beam radiotherapy (EBRT), 13 (16.5%) brachytherapy (BT), 10 (12.7%) combination EBRT/BT, and 20 (25.3%) EBRT/radical prostatectomy. At a median follow-up of 21 months (IQR 13-40), 14 patients (17.7%) had stenosis recurrence. Among 37 preoperatively-continent patients, 3 men (8.1%) developed de-novo SUI following dorsal onlay urethroplasty. Of 29 patients with preoperative SUI all but one remained incontinent post-operatively (96.6%). Following repair, patients experienced significant improvement in PVR (92.5 to 26 cc, p = 0.001) and Uroflow (4.6 to 15.9 cc/s, p = 0.001), and high overall satisfaction, with 91.9% reporting a GRA of + 2 or better). CONCLUSION Dorsal onlay buccal mucosa graft urethroplasty is a safe and feasible technique in patients with post-radiation posterior urethral stenosis. This non-transecting approach may confer low rates of de-novo SUI. Further research is needed to compare this technique with excisional urethroplasty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor G Policastro
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 E Adams St, CWB 2nd Floor, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Jay Simhan
- Einstein Medical Center/Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | - Krishnan Venkatesan
- Georgetown University, Washington, DC, USA.,MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Javier C Angulo
- Departemento Clinico, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael Hughes
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 E Adams St, CWB 2nd Floor, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Stephen Blakely
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 E Adams St, CWB 2nd Floor, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Dmitriy Nikolavsky
- Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 E Adams St, CWB 2nd Floor, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA.
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