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Görig T, Schuster AK, Breitbart EW, Diehl K. [Use of sunglasses in everyday life, at work, and during outdoor sports: current results from nationwide surveys]. DIE OPHTHALMOLOGIE 2024; 121:11-17. [PMID: 37755498 DOI: 10.1007/s00347-023-01924-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ultraviolet (UV) radiation can increase the risk of eye damage. Therefore, wearing sunglasses is recommended to protect the eyes from UV rays. OBJECTIVE To report the latest data on the use of sunglasses in everyday life in adults, children, at work, and during outdoor sports. MATERIAL AND METHODS We used data from waves 2020 and 2021 from the representative National Cancer Aid Monitoring (NCAM). The use of sunglasses in everyday life was assessed in 4000 participants aged 16-65 years. Data on use during outdoor work were obtained from 486 outdoor workers and the use of sunglasses during outdoor sports from 2081 participants. Additionally, 554 adults living in a household with at least 1 child aged 1-10 years reported the use of sunglasses by children. Descriptive results and associations with demographic characteristics are reported. RESULTS Overall, 50.6% of the general population, 31.0% of outdoor workers, 44.3% of those who reported being engaged in outdoor sports and 12.5% of children wore sunglasses always or often while being outside for more than 10 min in summer. The infrequent use of sunglasses was associated with a younger age, male sex, and lower school education. CONCLUSION Because of the relatively low use of sunglasses further education in various settings (e.g., at the workplace, kindergartens, and schools) seems necessary. The general public should also be made aware of the risks of UV radiation for the eyes, especially against the background of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Görig
- Professur für Epidemiologie und Public Health, Institut für Medizininformatik, Biometrie und Epidemiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Waldstr. 6, 91054, Erlangen, Deutschland.
| | | | - Eckhard W Breitbart
- Arbeitsgemeinschaft Dermatologische Prävention e. V., Buxtehude, Deutschland
| | - Katharina Diehl
- Professur für Epidemiologie und Public Health, Institut für Medizininformatik, Biometrie und Epidemiologie, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Waldstr. 6, 91054, Erlangen, Deutschland
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Alves M, Asbell P, Dogru M, Giannaccare G, Grau A, Gregory D, Kim DH, Marini MC, Ngo W, Nowinska A, Saldanha IJ, Villani E, Wakamatsu TH, Yu M, Stapleton F. TFOS Lifestyle Report: Impact of environmental conditions on the ocular surface. Ocul Surf 2023; 29:1-52. [PMID: 37062427 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Environmental risk factors that have an impact on the ocular surface were reviewed and associations with age and sex, race/ethnicity, geographical area, seasonality, prevalence and possible interactions between risk factors are reviewed. Environmental factors can be (a) climate-related: temperature, humidity, wind speed, altitude, dew point, ultraviolet light, and allergen or (b) outdoor and indoor pollution: gases, particulate matter, and other sources of airborne pollutants. Temperature affects ocular surface homeostasis directly and indirectly, precipitating ocular surface diseases and/or symptoms, including trachoma. Humidity is negatively associated with dry eye disease. There is little data on wind speed and dewpoint. High altitude and ultraviolet light exposure are associated with pterygium, ocular surface degenerations and neoplastic disease. Pollution is associated with dry eye disease and conjunctivitis. Primary Sjögren syndrome is associated with exposure to chemical solvents. Living within a potential zone of active volcanic eruption is associated with eye irritation. Indoor pollution, "sick" building or house can also be associated with eye irritation. Most ocular surface conditions are multifactorial, and several environmental factors may contribute to specific diseases. A systematic review was conducted to answer the following research question: "What are the associations between outdoor environment pollution and signs or symptoms of dry eye disease in humans?" Dry eye disease is associated with air pollution (from NO2) and soil pollution (from chromium), but not from air pollution from CO or PM10. Future research should adequately account for confounders, follow up over time, and report results separately for ocular surface findings, including signs and symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Alves
- Department of Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, University of Campinas Campinas, Brazil.
| | - Penny Asbell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, USA
| | - Murat Dogru
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Giuseppe Giannaccare
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Cantanzaro, Italy
| | - Arturo Grau
- Department of Ophthalmology, Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Darren Gregory
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, USA
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - William Ngo
- School of Optometry & Vision Science, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Canada
| | - Anna Nowinska
- Clinical Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ian J Saldanha
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Edoardo Villani
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Eye Clinic, San Giuseppe Hospital, IRCCS Multimedica, Milan, Italy
| | - Tais Hitomi Wakamatsu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Paulista School of Medicine, São Paulo Hospital, Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mitasha Yu
- Sensory Functions, Disability and Rehabilitation Unit, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fiona Stapleton
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Guo C, Ning X, Zhang J, Zhang C, Wang J, Su L, Han J, Ma N. Ultraviolet B radiation induces oxidative stress and apoptosis in human lens epithelium cells by activating NF-κB signaling to down-regulate sodium vitamin C transporter 2 (SVCT2) expression. Cell Cycle 2023; 22:1450-1462. [PMID: 37246402 PMCID: PMC10281468 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2023.2215084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet B (UVB) exposure is reported to cause cataract formation by inducing excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) and apoptosis in human lens epithelial cells (HLECs). Sodium-dependent Vitamin C transports-2 (SVCT2) is a ascorbic acid (AsA) transporter for that can protect cells and tissues from oxidative stress. Here, we focus on the functional characterization and mechanism analysis of SVCT2 in UVB-treated HLECs. The results showed a significant reduction of SVCT2 expression in HLECs treated with UVB. SVCT2 abated apoptosis and Bax expression and increased Bcl-2 expression. Moreover, SVCT2 decreased ROS accumulation and MDA level, but increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and GSH-PX). NF-κB inhibitor (PDTC) alleviated ROS production and apoptosis, and promoted SVCT2 expression in UVB-treated HLECs. Additionally, ROS inhibitor (NAC) suppressed oxidative stress, apoptosis, and induced SVCT2 expression in UVB-treated HLECs, while these effects were significantly abated due to the activation of NF-κB signaling. Furthermore, SVCT2 facilitated 14C-AsA absorption in UVB-treated HLECs. Together, our findings demonstrated that UVB exposure-induced ROS generation, which further activated NF-κB signaling to down-regulate SVCT2 expression in HLECs. Then, downregulated SVCT2 promoted ROS accumulation and induced apoptosis by decreasing AsA uptake. Our data reveal a novel NF-κB/SVCT2/AsA regulatory pathway and suggest the therapeutic potential of SVCT2 in UVB-induced cataract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjun Guo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaona Ning
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
- Graduate school, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jue Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liping Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nan Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tangdu Hospital, Air Force Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, People’s Republic of China
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Kakkassery V, Heindl LM. UV-Schutz am Auge – ein häufig vernachlässigtes Thema. Ophthalmologe 2022; 119:221-222. [DOI: 10.1007/s00347-021-01530-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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