1
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Schmidt R, Dufresnes C, Krištín A, Künzel S, Vences M, Hawlitschek O. Phylogenetic insights into Central European Chorthippus and Pseudochorthippus (Orthoptera: Acrididae) species using ddRADseq data. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 193:108012. [PMID: 38224796 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2024.108012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
The evolution of several orthopteran groups, especially within the grasshopper family Acrididae, remains poorly understood. This is particularly true for the subfamily Gomphocerinae, which comprises cryptic sympatric and syntopic species. Previous mitochondrial studies have highlighted major discrepancies between taxonomic and phylogenetic hypotheses, thereby emphasizing the necessity of genome-wide approaches. In this study, we employ double-digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRADseq) to reconstruct the evolution of Central European Chorthippus and Pseudochorthippus species, especially C.smardai, P.tatrae and the C.biguttulus group. Our phylogenomic analyses recovered deep discordance with mitochondrial DNA barcoding, emphasizing its unreliability in Gomphocerinae grasshoppers. Specifically, our data robustly distinguished the C.biguttulus group and confirmed the distinctiveness of C.eisentrauti, also shedding light on its presence in the Berchtesgaden Alps. Moreover, our results support the reclassification of C.smardai to the genus Pseudochorthippus and of P.tatrae to the genus Chorthippus. Our study demonstrates the efficiency of high-throughput genomic methods such as RADseq without prior optimization to elucidate the complex evolution of grasshopper radiations with direct taxonomic implications. While RADseq has predominantly been utilized for population genomics and within-genus phylogenomics, its application extends to resolve relationships between deeply-diverged clades representative of distinct genera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Schmidt
- Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße 4, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | - Christophe Dufresnes
- LASER, College of Biology and Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, People's Republic of China; Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
| | - Anton Krištín
- Institute of Forest Ecology SAS, Ľ. Štúra 2, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Sven Künzel
- Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Biology, Plön, Germany
| | - Miguel Vences
- Zoological Institute, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Mendelssohnstraße 4, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Oliver Hawlitschek
- Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change (LIB), Museum of Nature, Hamburg, Germany; Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Universität Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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2
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Tarasova T, Tishechkin D, Vedenina V. Songs and morphology in three species of the Chorthippusbiguttulus group (Orthoptera, Acrididae, Gomphocerinae) in Russia and adjacent countries. Zookeys 2021; 1073:21-53. [PMID: 34949950 PMCID: PMC8648708 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1073.75539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Songs and morphology are compared between Chorthippusmiramae (Vorontsovsky, 1928) that was previously named as C.porphyropterus and two other closely related species, C.brunneus (Thunberg, 1815) and C.maritimus Mistshenko, 1951. We compare them because the calling song of C.miramae was previously shown to have song elements similar to those of other two species. One morphological character, the length of stridulatory file, appeared to be the best character to distinguish between all three species. For C.maritimus and C.miramae, we present the morphological descriptions since they are absent in the literature. We also establish the synonymy C.maritimus = C.bornhalmi Harz, 1971, syn. n. = C.biguttuluseximius Mistshenko, 1951, syn. n. In the song analysis, we analyse not only the sound but also the leg-movement pattern, which is very helpful to find a homology between various song elements. We show that the calling song of C.miramae usually contains two elements, one element being similar to the C.brunneus calling song, and another – to the C.maritimus calling song. Despite some similarities, the calling song elements in C.miramae have some peculiarities. The courtship song of C.miramae is similar to the C.brunneus song, whereas the rivalry songs of C.miramae comprise both the maritimus-like elements and the unique ones. C.miramae generally demonstrates a richer song repertoire than the other two species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana Tarasova
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy Karetny per.19, Moscow 127051 Russia Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
| | - Dmitry Tishechkin
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, Moscow 119234 Russia Moscow State University Moscow Russia
| | - Varvara Vedenina
- Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Bolshoy Karetny per.19, Moscow 127051 Russia Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russia
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3
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Serrato-Capuchina A, Schwochert TD, Zhang S, Roy B, Peede D, Koppelman C, Matute DR. Pure species discriminate against hybrids in the Drosophila melanogaster species subgroup. Evolution 2021; 75:1753-1774. [PMID: 34043234 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Introgression, the exchange of alleles between species, is a common event in nature. This transfer of alleles between species must happen through fertile hybrids. Characterizing the traits that cause defects in hybrids illuminates how and when gene flow is expected to occur. Inviability and sterility are extreme examples of fitness reductions but are not the only type of defects in hybrids. Some traits specific to hybrids are more subtle but are important to determine their fitness. In this report, we study whether F1 hybrids between two species pairs of Drosophila are as attractive as the parental species. We find that in both species pairs, the sexual attractiveness of the F1 hybrids is reduced and that pure species discriminate strongly against them. We also find that the cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) profile of the female hybrids is intermediate between the parental species. Perfuming experiments show that modifying the CHC profile of the female hybrids to resemble pure species improves their chances of mating. Our results show that behavioral discrimination against hybrids might be an important component of the persistence of species that can hybridize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Serrato-Capuchina
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599
| | - Timothy D Schwochert
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599
| | - Stephania Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599
| | - Baylee Roy
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599
| | - David Peede
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599
| | - Caleigh Koppelman
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599
| | - Daniel R Matute
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, 27599
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4
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Matute DR, Cooper BS. Comparative studies on speciation: 30 years since Coyne and Orr. Evolution 2021; 75:764-778. [PMID: 33491225 PMCID: PMC8247902 DOI: 10.1111/evo.14181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the processes of population divergence and speciation remains a core question in evolutionary biology. For nearly a hundred years evolutionary geneticists have characterized reproductive isolation (RI) mechanisms and specific barriers to gene flow required for species formation. The seminal work of Coyne and Orr provided the first comprehensive comparative analysis of speciation. By combining phylogenetic hypotheses and species range data with estimates of genetic divergence and multiple mechanisms of RI across Drosophila, Coyne and Orr's influential meta-analyses answered fundamental questions and motivated new analyses that continue to push the field forward today. Now 30 years later, we revisit the five questions addressed by Coyne and Orr, identifying results that remain well supported and others that seem less robust with new data. We then consider the future of speciation research, with emphasis on areas where novel methods and data motivate potential progress. While the literature remains biased towards Drosophila and other model systems, we are enthusiastic about the future of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R. Matute
- Biology DepartmentUniversity of North CarolinaChapel HillNorth Carolina27510
| | - Brandon S. Cooper
- Division of Biological SciencesUniversity of MontanaMissoulaMontana59812
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5
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Thompson KA, Urquhart-Cronish M, Whitney KD, Rieseberg LH, Schluter D. Patterns, Predictors, and Consequences of Dominance in Hybrids. Am Nat 2021; 197:E72-E88. [PMID: 33625966 DOI: 10.1086/712603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractCompared to those of their parents, are the traits of first-generation (F1) hybrids typically intermediate, biased toward one parent, or mismatched for alternative parental phenotypes? To address this empirical gap, we compiled data from 233 crosses in which traits were measured in a common environment for two parent taxa and their F1 hybrids. We find that individual traits in F1s are halfway between the parental midpoint and one parental value. Considering pairs of traits together, a hybrid's bivariate phenotype tends to resemble one parent (parent bias) about 50% more than the other, while also exhibiting a similar magnitude of mismatch due to different traits having dominance in conflicting directions. Using data from an experimental field planting of recombinant hybrid sunflowers, we illustrate that parent bias improves fitness, whereas mismatch reduces fitness. Our study has three major conclusions. First, hybrids are not phenotypically intermediate but rather exhibit substantial mismatch. Second, dominance is likely determined by the idiosyncratic evolutionary trajectories of individual traits and populations. Finally, selection against hybrids likely results from selection against both intermediate and mismatched phenotypes.
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6
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Nolen ZJ, Yildirim B, Irisarri I, Liu S, Groot Crego C, Amby DB, Mayer F, Gilbert MTP, Pereira RJ. Historical isolation facilitates species radiation by sexual selection: Insights from
Chorthippus
grasshoppers. Mol Ecol 2020; 29:4985-5002. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.15695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J. Nolen
- Division of Evolutionary Biology Faculty of Biology II Ludwig‐ Maximilians‐Universität München München Germany
- Department of Biology Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Burcin Yildirim
- Division of Evolutionary Biology Faculty of Biology II Ludwig‐ Maximilians‐Universität München München Germany
| | - Iker Irisarri
- Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN‐CSIC) Madrid Spain
- Department of Organismal Biology (Systematic Biology) Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Institute for Microbiology and Genetics University of Goettingen, Campus Institute Data Science Goettingen Germany
| | - Shanlin Liu
- Natural History Museum of Denmark University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
- College of Plant Protection China Agricultural University Beijing China
| | - Clara Groot Crego
- Division of Evolutionary Biology Faculty of Biology II Ludwig‐ Maximilians‐Universität München München Germany
| | | | - Frieder Mayer
- Museum für Naturkunde – Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science Berlin Germany
| | | | - Ricardo J. Pereira
- Division of Evolutionary Biology Faculty of Biology II Ludwig‐ Maximilians‐Universität München München Germany
- Natural History Museum of Denmark University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
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7
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Rebrina F, Petróczki K, Inhofer M, Reinhold K, Schmoll T. Motorway age is linked to larger body size, but not song carrier frequency, in male grasshoppers from roadside populations. Evol Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-020-10077-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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8
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Rometsch SJ, Torres-Dowdall J, Meyer A. Evolutionary dynamics of pre- and postzygotic reproductive isolation in cichlid fishes. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 375:20190535. [PMID: 32654645 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2019.0535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cichlid fishes are exceptionally species-rich, speciated at explosive rates and, hence, are a model system in speciation research. Yet, their reproductive isolating barriers have, so far, not been comprehensively studied. Here, we review current knowledge on pre- and postzygotic mechanisms in cichlids. While premating isolation is the norm in cichlids, its strength varies across lineages and with the geographical setting. Moreover, manipulations of ambient conditions tended to reduce assortative mating among closely related species, suggesting that premating isolation in cichlids is often fragile and context dependent. The observed lack of complete reproductive isolation is supported by past and present hybridization events that have contributed to diversity by creating novel allelic combinations. On the other hand, our meta-analysis highlights that intrinsic postzygotic isolation might accumulate faster than assumed. Mild forms of genetic incompatibilities, such as sex ratio distortion, can already be observed among closely related species. Therefore, cessation of gene flow by strong reproductive isolation in cichlids requires a combination of premating prezygotic isolation supplemented with intrinsic and extrinsic postzygotic barriers. Further, we suggest crucial next steps to improve our knowledge about reproductive barriers in cichlids to understand the evolutionary dynamics of pre- and postzygotic isolation mechanisms during adaptive radiations. This article is part of the theme issue 'Towards the completion of speciation: the evolution of reproductive isolation beyond the first barriers'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina J Rometsch
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Julián Torres-Dowdall
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Axel Meyer
- Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
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9
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Gottsberger B, Mayer F. Dominance effects strengthen premating hybridization barriers between sympatric species of grasshoppers (Acrididae, Orthoptera). J Evol Biol 2019; 32:921-930. [PMID: 31127969 PMCID: PMC6851987 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Sexual selection can lead to the rapid evolution of premating hybridization barriers and allows accelerated diversification and speciation within an evolutionary lineage. Especially during early stages of divergence, hybridization may impede further divergence, which strongly depends on the reproductive success of hybrids. Behavioural sterility of hybrids can limit or even prevent homogenizing gene flow. In this study, we investigated the attractiveness of male courtship songs for females of the grasshopper species Chorthippus biguttulus and C. brunneus and their interspecific F1 and F2 hybrids. Song preferences of females of both species are highly species specific and differ in three parameters: shape of the preference function, preference for syllable pattern and phrase duration. F1 hybrid females of both reciprocal crosses as well as F2 hybrid females resembled closely pure C. biguttulus females in respect of shape of the preference function and preference for syllable pattern, while preference for phrase duration showed an intermediate expression. This resulted in song preferences of hybrid females that closely resembled those of one parental species, that is C. biguttulus females. Such strong dominance effects were rarely reported so far. They represent an effective barrier limiting gene flow between the two species, since hybrid females will backcross to only one parental species and discriminate against hybrid males, which are behaviourally sterile. Such taxon-specific modes of inheritance may have facilitated the rapid divergence of acoustically communicating grasshoppers of the species group of Chorthippus biguttulus. Our findings have novel implications on the expression of neuronal filters and the evolution of complex courtship signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte Gottsberger
- Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Frieder Mayer
- Museum für Naturkunde - Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research, Berlin, Germany
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10
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Ashfaq M, Blagoev G, Tahir HM, Khan AM, Mukhtar MK, Akhtar S, Butt A, Mansoor S, Hebert PDN. Assembling a DNA barcode reference library for the spiders (Arachnida: Araneae) of Pakistan. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0217086. [PMID: 31116764 PMCID: PMC6530854 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0217086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Morphological study of 1,795 spiders from sites across Pakistan placed these specimens in 27 families and 202 putative species. COI sequences >400 bp recovered from 1,782 specimens were analyzed using neighbor-joining trees, Bayesian inference, barcode gap, and Barcode Index Numbers (BINs). Specimens of 109 morphological species were assigned to 123 BINs with ten species showing BIN splits, while 93 interim species included representatives of 98 BINs. Maximum conspecific divergences ranged from 0-5.3% while congeneric distances varied from 2.8-23.2%. Excepting one species pair (Oxyopes azhari-Oxyopes oryzae), the maximum intraspecific distance was always less than the nearest-neighbor (NN) distance. Intraspecific divergence values were not significantly correlated with geographic distance. Most (75%) BINs detected in this study were new to science, while those shared with other nations mainly derived from India. The discovery of many new, potentially endemic species and the low level of BIN overlap with other nations highlight the importance of constructing regional DNA barcode reference libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ashfaq
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Gergin Blagoev
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | | | - Arif M. Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | | | - Saleem Akhtar
- Directorate of Entomology, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abida Butt
- Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Mansoor
- National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Paul D. N. Hebert
- Centre for Biodiversity Genomics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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11
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Cerveira AM, Soares JA, Bastos-Silveira C, Mathias MDL. Reproductive isolation between sister species of Iberian pine voles, Microtus duodecimcostatus and M. lusitanicus. ETHOL ECOL EVOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/03949370.2018.1508075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana M. Cerveira
- CESAM ― Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana A. Soares
- CESAM ― Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cristiane Bastos-Silveira
- Museu Nacional de História Natural e da Ciência, Departamento de Zoologia e Antropologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Rua da Escola Politécnica 58, 1250-102 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria da Luz Mathias
- CESAM ― Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
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12
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Kostarakos K, Römer H. Evolutionarily conserved coding properties favour the neuronal representation of heterospecific signals of a sympatric katydid species. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2018; 204:859-872. [PMID: 30225517 PMCID: PMC6182671 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-018-1282-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
To function as a mechanism in premating isolation, the divergent and species-specific calling songs of acoustic insects must be reliably processed by the afferent auditory pathway of receivers. Here, we analysed the responses of interneurons in a katydid species that uses long-lasting acoustic trills and compared these with previously reported data for homologous interneurons of a sympatric species that uses short chirps as acoustic signals. Some interneurons of the trilling species respond exclusively to the heterospecific chirp due to selective, low-frequency tuning and "novelty detection". These properties have been considered as evolutionary adaptations in the sensory system of the chirper, which allow it to detect signals effectively during the simultaneous calling of the sympatric sibling species. We propose that these two mechanisms, shared by the interneurons of both species, did not evolve in the chirper to guarantee its ability to detect the chirp under masking conditions. Instead we suggest that chirpers evolved an additional, 2-kHz component in their song and exploited pre-existing neuronal properties for detecting their song under masking noise. The failure of some interneurons to respond to the conspecific song in trillers does not prevent intraspecific communication, as other interneurons respond to the trill.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heiner Römer
- Institute of Biology, University of Graz, Universitaetsplatz 2, 8010, Graz, Austria
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13
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Robustness of an innate releasing mechanism against degradation of acoustic communication signals in the grasshopper Chorthippus biguttulus. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2018; 204:319-328. [PMID: 29294159 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-017-1243-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Noise is a challenge for animals that use acoustic communication to find a mate. A potent source of noise in animal communication is that arising from other conspecific signals, whose co-occurrence can result in extensive interference-evident as the so called "cocktail-party problem"-that may affect the receiver mechanisms to detect potential mates. We studied grasshopper females to explore how modifications of the song pattern influence song recognition. First, we degraded an attractive model song with random fluctuations of increasing amplitudes out of different frequency bands, and determined "critical degradation levels" at which the females ceased to respond. A masker band with frequencies between 0 and 200 Hz, which covers the frequency range of the natural song envelope, was by 3-5 dB more destructive in hampering signal recognition than frequencies above 200 Hz. As second approach, we applied temporal disturbances such as accentuations or gaps at different positions within the song subunits and observed how response behavior was affected. Accentuations at subunit start increased, whereas those in the midst or at the end of a subunit reduced attractiveness. Gaps at these positions had diverse effects. The results are discussed with respect to neuronal filtering.
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14
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Clemens J, Aufderheide J, Ronacher B. Relative weighting of acoustic information during mating decisions in grasshoppers indicates signatures of sexual selection. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2017; 203:891-901. [PMID: 28733816 PMCID: PMC5644699 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-017-1200-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The decision with whom to mate is crucial in determining an individual's fitness and is often based on the evaluation of visual or acoustic displays produced during courtship. Accordingly, the algorithms for evaluating such courtship signals are shaped by sexual selection and should reflect the expected benefits and costs of mating: signals bearing heterospecific features should be rapidly rejected, since mating would produce no fertile offspring, while signals resembling conspecific ones should be weighted proportional to mate quality. We test these hypotheses in females of the grasshopper Chorthippus biguttulus who assess males by their song, which is produced as a sequence of subunits with species and individual specific signatures. We present mixed sequences of subunits with conflicting cues and use a computational model of decision-making to infer how sensory information is weighted and integrated over the song. Consistent with our hypothesis, females do weight sensory cues according to the expected fitness benefits/costs: heterospecific subunits are weighted particularly negatively and lead to a rejection of the male early in the song. Conspecific subunits are weighted moderately, permitting a more complete evaluation of the full song. However, there exists an overall negative bias against mating, possible causes of which are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Clemens
- Princeton Neuroscience Institute, Princeton University, Washington Road, Princeton, NJ, 08540, USA.
| | - Jennifer Aufderheide
- Behavioral Physiology Group, Department of Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard Ronacher
- Behavioral Physiology Group, Department of Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, 10115, Berlin, Germany.
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15
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Components of reproductive isolation between the closely related grasshopper species Chorthippus biguttulus and C. mollis. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-017-2295-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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16
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Hawlitschek O, Morinière J, Lehmann GUC, Lehmann AW, Kropf M, Dunz A, Glaw F, Detcharoen M, Schmidt S, Hausmann A, Szucsich NU, Caetano-Wyler SA, Haszprunar G. DNA barcoding of crickets, katydids and grasshoppers (Orthoptera) from Central Europe with focus on Austria, Germany and Switzerland. Mol Ecol Resour 2016; 17:1037-1053. [PMID: 27863033 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We present a DNA barcoding study on the insect order Orthoptera that was generated in collaboration between four barcoding projects in three countries, viz. Barcoding Fauna Bavarica (Germany), German Barcode of Life, Austrian Barcode of Life and Swiss Barcode of Life. Our data set includes 748 COI sequences from 127 of the 162 taxa (78.4%) recorded in the three countries involved. Ninety-three of these 122 species (76.2%, including all Ensifera) can be reliably identified using DNA barcodes. The remaining 26 caeliferan species (families Acrididae and Tetrigidae) form ten clusters that share barcodes among up to five species, in three cases even across different genera, and in six cases even sharing individual barcodes. We discuss incomplete lineage sorting and hybridization as most likely causes of this phenomenon, as the species concerned are phylogenetically young and hybridization has been previously observed. We also highlight the problem of nuclear mitochondrial pseudogenes (numts), a known problem in the barcoding of orthopteran species, and the possibility of Wolbachia infections. Finally, we discuss the possible taxonomic implications of our barcoding results and point out future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Hawlitschek
- Zoologische Staatssammlung München (SNSB-ZSM), Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247, München, Germany.,Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Universitat Pompeu Fabra), Passeig Maritim de la Barceloneta 37, 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Morinière
- Zoologische Staatssammlung München (SNSB-ZSM), Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247, München, Germany
| | - G U C Lehmann
- Department of Biology, Behavioural Physiology, Humboldt University Berlin, Invalidenstr. 43, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - A W Lehmann
- Orthoptera Working Group Brandenburg and Berlin, Friedensallee 37, 14532, Stahnsdorf, Germany
| | - M Kropf
- Institute for Integrative Nature Conservation Research, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Gregor Mendel-Str. 33, 1180, Vienna, Austria
| | - A Dunz
- Zoologische Staatssammlung München (SNSB-ZSM), Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247, München, Germany
| | - F Glaw
- Zoologische Staatssammlung München (SNSB-ZSM), Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247, München, Germany
| | - M Detcharoen
- Zoologische Staatssammlung München (SNSB-ZSM), Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247, München, Germany
| | - S Schmidt
- Zoologische Staatssammlung München (SNSB-ZSM), Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247, München, Germany
| | - A Hausmann
- Zoologische Staatssammlung München (SNSB-ZSM), Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247, München, Germany
| | - N U Szucsich
- 3rd Zoological Dep., Natural History Museum Vienna, Burgring 7, 1010, Vienna, Austria
| | - S A Caetano-Wyler
- Université de Genève, Département de Génétique et Evolution, Quai Ernest Ansermet 30, 1211, Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - G Haszprunar
- Zoologische Staatssammlung München (SNSB-ZSM), Münchhausenstr. 21, 81247, München, Germany.,Department Biology II and GeoBio-Center of Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Groβhaderner Str. 2, 82152, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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17
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Hertach T, Puissant S, Gogala M, Trilar T, Hagmann R, Baur H, Kunz G, Wade EJ, Loader SP, Simon C, Nagel P. Complex within a Complex: Integrative Taxonomy Reveals Hidden Diversity in Cicadetta brevipennis (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) and Unexpected Relationships with a Song Divergent Relative. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165562. [PMID: 27851754 PMCID: PMC5112989 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sources of data in combination are essential for species delimitation and classification of difficult taxonomic groups. Here we investigate a cicada taxon with unusual cryptic diversity and we attempt to resolve seemingly contradictory data sets. Cicada songs act as species-specific premating barriers and have been used extensively to reveal hidden taxonomic diversity in morphologically similar species. The Palaearctic Cicadetta montana species complex is an excellent example where distinct song patterns have disclosed multiple recently described species. Indeed, two taxa turned out to be especially diverse in that they form a “complex within the complex”: the Cicadetta cerdaniensis song group (four species studied previously) and Cicadetta brevipennis (examined in details here). Based on acoustic, morphological, molecular, ecological and spatial data sampled throughout their broad European distribution, we find that Cicadetta brevipennis s. l. comprises five lineages. The most distinct lineage is identified as Cicadetta petryi Schumacher, 1924, which we re-assign to the species level. Cicadetta brevipennis litoralis Puissant & Hertach ssp. n. and Cicadetta brevipennis hippolaidica Hertach ssp. n. are new to science. The latter hybridizes with Cicadetta brevipennis brevipennis Fieber, 1876 at a zone inferred from intermediate song patterns. The fifth lineage requires additional investigation. The C. cerdaniensis and the C. brevipennis song groups exhibit characteristic, clearly distinct basic song patterns that act as reproductive barriers. However, they remain completely intermixed in the Bayesian and maximum likelihood COI and COII mitochondrial DNA phylogenies. The closest relative of each of the four cerdaniensis group species is a brevipennis group taxon. In our favoured scenario the phylogenetic pairs originated in common Pleistocene glacial refuges where the taxa speciated and experienced sporadic inter-group hybridization leading to extensive introgression and mitochondrial capture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hertach
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Biogeography, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Naturhistorisches Museum der Burgergemeinde Bern, Department of Invertebrates, Bern, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Stéphane Puissant
- Muséum–Jardin des Sciences, Mairie de Dijon, Dijon, France
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - Matija Gogala
- Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tomi Trilar
- Slovenian Museum of Natural History, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Reto Hagmann
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Biogeography, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Naturhistorisches Museum der Burgergemeinde Bern, Department of Invertebrates, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hannes Baur
- Naturhistorisches Museum der Burgergemeinde Bern, Department of Invertebrates, Bern, Switzerland
- University of Bern, Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gernot Kunz
- Department of Zoology, Karl Franzens University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Elizabeth J. Wade
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
- United States Department of Agriculture, Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Simon P. Loader
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Biogeography, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Life Sciences Department, University of Roehampton, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chris Simon
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Peter Nagel
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Biogeography, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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18
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Kost S, Heckel DG, Yoshido A, Marec F, Groot AT. A Z-linked sterility locus causes sexual abstinence in hybrid females and facilitates speciation in Spodoptera frugiperda. Evolution 2016; 70:1418-27. [PMID: 27149933 DOI: 10.1111/evo.12940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae), two sympatric strains have been recognized that have been termed corn strain (C) and rice strain (R), referring to their most common host plants. Both strains are reproductively isolated via a distinct prezygotic barrier as well as via an intriguing postzygotic phenomenon: when R females have mated with C males, the resulting RC hybrid females exhibit dramatically reduced fertility independent of their mating partner. Here, we demonstrate that the reduced fertility is caused by the fact that these females refrain from mating, that is, females are behaviorally sterile. We identified a Z-chromosomally linked sterility locus that is most likely incompatible with yet to be identified autosomal (or cytoplasmic) factors, leading to the observed sexual abstinence. Within-chromosome mapping revealed the sterility locus to be located in an area of strongly reduced interstrain recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Kost
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, 07749, Jena, Germany.
| | - David G Heckel
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, 07749, Jena, Germany
| | - Atsuo Yoshido
- Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Entomology, Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - František Marec
- Biology Centre CAS, Institute of Entomology, Laboratory of Molecular Cytogenetics, Branišovská 31, 370 05, České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Astrid T Groot
- Department of Entomology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Strasse 8, 07749, Jena, Germany.,Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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19
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Noh S, Henry CS. Speciation is not necessarily easier in species with sexually monomorphic mating signals. J Evol Biol 2015; 28:1925-39. [PMID: 26230311 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Should we have different expectations regarding the likelihood and pace of speciation by sexual selection when considering species with sexually monomorphic mating signals? Two conditions that can facilitate rapid species divergence are Felsenstein's one-allele mechanism and a genetic architecture that includes a genetic association between signal and preference loci. In sexually monomorphic species, the former can manifest in the form of mate choice based on phenotype matching. The latter can be promoted by selection acting upon genetic loci for divergent signals and preferences expressed simultaneously in each individual, rather than acting separately on signal loci in males and preference loci in females. Both sexes in the Chrysoperla carnea group of green lacewings (Insecta, Neuroptera, Chrysopidae) produce sexually monomorphic species-specific mating signals. We hybridized the two species C. agilis and C. carnea to test for evidence of these speciation-facilitating conditions. Hybrid signals were more complex than the parents and we observed a dominant influence of C. carnea. We found a dominant influence of C. agilis on preferences in the form of hybrid discrimination against C. carnea. Preferences in hybrids followed patterns predicting preference loci that determine mate choice rather than a one-allele mechanism. The genetic association between signal and preference we detected in the segregating hybrid crosses indicates that speciation in these species with sexually monomorphic mating signals can have occurred rapidly. However, we need additional evidence to determine whether such genetic associations form more readily in sexually monomorphic species compared to dimorphic species and consequently facilitate speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Noh
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - C S Henry
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
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20
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Berdan EL, Mazzoni CJ, Waurick I, Roehr JT, Mayer F. A population genomic scan in Chorthippus grasshoppers unveils previously unknown phenotypic divergence. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:3918-30. [PMID: 26081018 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the genetics of speciation and the processes that drive it is a central goal of evolutionary biology. Grasshoppers of the Chorthippus species group differ strongly in calling song (and corresponding female preferences) but are exceedingly similar in other characteristics such as morphology. Here, we performed a population genomic scan on three Chorthippus species (Chorthippus biguttulus, C. mollis and C. brunneus) to gain insight into the genes and processes involved in divergence and speciation in this group. Using an RNA-seq approach, we examined functional variation between the species by calling SNPs for each of the three species pairs and using FST -based approaches to identify outliers. We found approximately 1% of SNPs in each comparison to be outliers. Between 37% and 40% of these outliers were nonsynonymous SNPs (as opposed to a global level of 17%) indicating that we recovered loci under selection. Among the outliers were several genes that may be involved in song production and hearing as well as genes involved in other traits such as food preferences and metabolism. Differences in food preferences between species were confirmed with a behavioural experiment. This indicates that multiple phenotypic differences implicating multiple evolutionary processes (sexual selection and natural selection) are present between the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L Berdan
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Invalidenstraße 43, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Camila J Mazzoni
- Berlin Center for Genomics in Biodiversity Research, Königin-Luise-Str 6-8, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Leibniz-Institut für Zoo- und Wildtierforschung (IZW), Alfred-Kowalke-Straße 17, 10315, Berlin, Germany
| | - Isabelle Waurick
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Invalidenstraße 43, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes T Roehr
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Invalidenstraße 43, 10115, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frieder Mayer
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz-Institut für Evolutions- und Biodiversitätsforschung, Invalidenstraße 43, 10115, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstraße 6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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21
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Meckenhäuser G, Krämer S, Farkhooi F, Ronacher B, Nawrot MP. Neural representation of calling songs and their behavioral relevance in the grasshopper auditory system. Front Syst Neurosci 2014; 8:183. [PMID: 25565983 PMCID: PMC4271601 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2014.00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Acoustic communication plays a key role for mate attraction in grasshoppers. Males use songs to advertise themselves to females. Females evaluate the song pattern, a repetitive structure of sound syllables separated by short pauses, to recognize a conspecific male and as proxy to its fitness. In their natural habitat females often receive songs with degraded temporal structure. Perturbations may, for example, result from the overlap with other songs. We studied the response behavior of females to songs that show different signal degradations. A perturbation of an otherwise attractive song at later positions in the syllable diminished the behavioral response, whereas the same perturbation at the onset of a syllable did not affect song attractiveness. We applied naïve Bayes classifiers to the spike trains of identified neurons in the auditory pathway to explore how sensory evidence about the acoustic stimulus and its attractiveness is represented in the neuronal responses. We find that populations of three or more neurons were sufficient to reliably decode the acoustic stimulus and to predict its behavioral relevance from the single-trial integrated firing rate. A simple model of decision making simulates the female response behavior. It computes for each syllable the likelihood for the presence of an attractive song pattern as evidenced by the population firing rate. Integration across syllables allows the likelihood to reach a decision threshold and to elicit the behavioral response. The close match between model performance and animal behavior shows that a spike rate code is sufficient to enable song pattern recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gundula Meckenhäuser
- Neuroinformatics and Theoretical Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie Krämer
- Behavioural Physiology Group, Department of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Berlin, Germany
| | - Farzad Farkhooi
- Neuroinformatics and Theoretical Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Biology, Freie Universität Berlin Berlin, Germany ; Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard Ronacher
- Behavioural Physiology Group, Department of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin P Nawrot
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Berlin, Germany
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22
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Asymmetrical integration of sensory information during mating decisions in grasshoppers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:16562-7. [PMID: 25368152 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1412741111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Decision-making processes, like all traits of an organism, are shaped by evolution; they thus carry a signature of the selection pressures associated with choice behaviors. The way sexual communication signals are integrated during courtship likely reflects the costs and benefits associated with mate choice. Here, we study the evaluation of male song by females during acoustic courtship in grasshoppers. Using playback experiments and computational modeling we find that information of different valence (attractive vs. nonattractive) is weighted asymmetrically: while information associated with nonattractive features has large weight, attractive features add little to the decision to mate. Accordingly, nonattractive features effectively veto female responses. Because attractive features have so little weight, the model suggests that female responses are frequently driven by integration noise. Asymmetrical weighting of negative and positive information may reflect the fitness costs associated with mating with a nonattractive over an attractive singer, which are also highly asymmetrical. In addition, nonattractive cues tend to be more salient and therefore more reliable. Hence, information provided by them should be weighted more heavily. Our findings suggest that characterizing the integration of sensory information during a natural behavior has the potential to provide valuable insights into the selective pressures shaping decision-making during evolution.
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23
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Computational principles underlying recognition of acoustic signals in grasshoppers and crickets. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2014; 201:61-71. [PMID: 25258206 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-014-0946-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Grasshoppers and crickets independently evolved hearing organs and acoustic communication. They differ considerably in the organization of their auditory pathways, and the complexity of their songs, which are essential for mate attraction. Recent approaches aimed at describing the behavioral preference functions of females in both taxa by a simple modeling framework. The basic structure of the model consists of three processing steps: (1) feature extraction with a bank of 'LN models'-each containing a linear filter followed by a nonlinearity, (2) temporal integration, and (3) linear combination. The specific properties of the filters and nonlinearities were determined using a genetic learning algorithm trained on a large set of different song features and the corresponding behavioral response scores. The model showed an excellent prediction of the behavioral responses to the tested songs. Most remarkably, in both taxa the genetic algorithm found Gabor-like functions as the optimal filter shapes. By slight modifications of Gabor filters several types of preference functions could be modeled, which are observed in different cricket species. Furthermore, this model was able to explain several so far enigmatic results in grasshoppers. The computational approach offered a remarkably simple framework that can account for phenotypically rather different preference functions across several taxa.
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24
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Lampe U, Schmoll T, Franzke A, Reinhold K. Staying tuned: grasshoppers from noisy roadside habitats produce courtship signals with elevated frequency components. Funct Ecol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrike Lampe
- University of Bielefeld; Department of Evolutionary Biology; Morgenbreede 45, 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Tim Schmoll
- University of Bielefeld; Department of Evolutionary Biology; Morgenbreede 45, 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Alexandra Franzke
- University of Bielefeld; Department of Evolutionary Biology; Morgenbreede 45, 33615 Bielefeld Germany
| | - Klaus Reinhold
- University of Bielefeld; Department of Evolutionary Biology; Morgenbreede 45, 33615 Bielefeld Germany
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25
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Song characteristics and morphological traits in four populations of the grasshopper Chorthippus biguttulus L. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2012; 198:763-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s00359-012-0746-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2012] [Revised: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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26
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Ronacher B, Stange N. Processing of acoustic signals in grasshoppers - a neuroethological approach towards female choice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 107:41-50. [PMID: 22728472 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphysparis.2012.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2012] [Revised: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Acoustic communication is a major factor for mate attraction in many grasshopper species and thus plays a vital role in a grasshopper's life. First of all, the recognition of the species-specific sound patterns is crucial for preventing hybridization with other species, which would result in a drastic fitness loss. In addition, there is evidence that females are choosy with respect to conspecific males and prefer or reject the songs of some individuals, thereby exerting a sexual selection on males. Remarkably, the preferences of females are preserved even under masking noise. To discriminate between the basically similar signals of conspecifics is obviously a challenge for small nervous systems. We therefore ask how the acoustic signals are processed and represented in the grasshopper's nervous system, to allow for a fine discrimination and assessment of individual songs. The discrimination of similar signals may be impeded not only by signal masking due to external noise sources, but also by intrinsic noise due to the inherent variability of spike trains. Using a spike train metric we could estimate how well, in principle, the songs of different individuals can be discriminated on the basis of neuronal responses, and found a remarkable potential for discrimination performance at the first stage, but not on higher stages of the auditory pathway. Next, we ask which benefits a grasshopper female may earn from being choosy. New results, which revealed correlations between specific song features and the size and immunocompetence of the males, suggest that females may derive from acoustic signals clues about condition and health of the sending male. However, we observed substantial differences between the preference functions of individual females and it may be particularly rewarding to relate the variations in female preferences to individual differences in the responses of identified neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole Stange
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Biology, Germany
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27
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Schneider E, Hennig RM. Temporal resolution for calling song signals by female crickets, Gryllus bimaculatus. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2011; 198:181-91. [PMID: 22086085 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-011-0698-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Revised: 10/26/2011] [Accepted: 10/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A behavioural gap detection paradigm was used to determine the temporal resolution for song patterns by female crickets, Gryllus bimaculatus. For stimuli with a modulation depth of 100% the critical gap duration was 6-8 ms. A reduction of the modulation depth of gaps to 50% led either to an increase or a decrease of the critical gap duration. In the latter case, the critical gap duration dropped to 3-4 ms indicating a higher sensitivity of auditory processing. The response curve for variation of pulse period was not limited by temporal resolution. However, the reduced response to stimuli with a high duty cycle, and thus short pause durations, was in accordance with the limits of temporal resolution. The critical duration of masking pulses inserted into pauses was 4-6 ms. An analysis of the songs of males revealed that gaps (5.8 ms) and masking pulses (6.9 ms) were at detectable time scales for the auditory pathway of female crickets. However, most of the observed temporal variation of song patterns was tolerated by females. Critical cues such as pulse period and pulse duty cycle provided little basis for inter-individual selection by females.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Schneider
- Behavioural Physiology, Department of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstr. 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany
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28
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Einhäupl A, Stange N, Hennig RM, Ronacher B. Attractiveness of grasshopper songs correlates with their robustness against noise. Behav Ecol 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/beheco/arr064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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29
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Hochkirch A, Lemke I. Asymmetric mate choice, hybridization, and hybrid fitness in two sympatric grasshopper species. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-011-1174-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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30
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Reinhold K. Variation of Acoustic Courtship Signals in Insects and Amphibians: No Evidence for Bimodality, but Identical Dependence on Duration. Ethology 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0310.2008.01587.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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31
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Neuhofer D, Wohlgemuth S, Stumpner A, Ronacher B. Evolutionarily conserved coding properties of auditory neurons across grasshopper species. Proc Biol Sci 2008; 275:1965-74. [PMID: 18505715 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2008.0527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated encoding properties of identified auditory interneurons in two not closely related grasshopper species (Acrididae). The neurons can be homologized on the basis of their similar morphologies and physiologies. As test stimuli, we used the species-specific stridulation signals of Chorthippus biguttulus, which evidently are not relevant for the other species, Locusta migratoria. We recorded spike trains produced in response to these signals from several neuron types at the first levels of the auditory pathway in both species. Using a spike train metric to quantify differences between neuronal responses, we found a high similarity in the responses of homologous neurons: interspecific differences between the responses of homologous neurons in the two species were not significantly larger than intraspecific differences (between several specimens of a neuron in one species). These results suggest that the elements of the thoracic auditory pathway have been strongly conserved during the evolutionary divergence of these species. According to the 'efficient coding' hypothesis, an adaptation of the thoracic auditory pathway to the specific needs of acoustic communication could be expected. We conclude that there must have been stabilizing selective forces at work that conserved coding characteristics and prevented such an adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Neuhofer
- Department of Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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