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Zhang L, Cheng L, Chapman JW, Sappington TW, Liu J, Cheng Y, Jiang X. Juvenile hormone regulates the shift from migrants to residents in adult oriental armyworm, Mythimna separata. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11626. [PMID: 32669571 PMCID: PMC7363820 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66973-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In migratory insects, increasing evidence has demonstrated juvenile hormone (JH) is involved in regulating adult reproduction and flight. Our previous study demonstrated that the switch from migrants to residents in Mythimna separata could be induced by adverse environmental conditions during a sensitive period in adulthood (the first day post-emergence), but the role of JH in this switch is not clear. Here, we found a significantly different pattern of JH titers between migrants and residents, with migrants showing a slower release of JH during adulthood than residents. Application of JH analogue (JHA) in the 1-day-old adults, significantly accelerated adult reproduction and suppressed flight capacity. The pre-oviposition period and period of first oviposition of migrants treated with JHA were significantly shorter, while the total lifetime fecundity and mating percentage increased. The flight capacity and dorso-longitudinal muscle size of the migrants were decreased significantly when treated with JHA. The effect of JHA on reproduction and flight capacity indicate that JH titers during the sensitive period (first day post-emergence) regulates the shift from migrants to residents in M. separata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Lili Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jason W Chapman
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, and Environment and Sustainability Institute, University of Exeter, Penryn, Cornwall, TR10 9FE, United Kingdom.,Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Thomas W Sappington
- USDA-ARS Corn Insects & Crop Genetics Research Unit, Genetics Laboratory, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Juanjuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yunxia Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xingfu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Feng H, Guo X, Sun H, Zhang S, Xi J, Yin J, Cao Y, Li K. Flight muscles degenerate by programmed cell death after migration in the wheat aphid, Sitobion avenae. BMC Res Notes 2019; 12:672. [PMID: 31639041 PMCID: PMC6805507 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4708-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies showed that flight muscles degenerate after migration in some aphid species; however, the underlying molecular mechanism remains virtually unknown. In this study, using the wheat aphid, Sitobion avenae, we aim to investigate aphid flight muscle degeneration and the underlying molecular mechanism. RESULTS Sitobion avenae started to differentiate winged or wingless morphs at the second instar, the winged aphids were fully determined at the third instar, and their wings were fully developed at the fourth instar. After migration, the aphid flight muscles degenerated via programmed cell death, which is evidenced by a Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling assay. Then, we identified a list of differentially expressed genes before and after tethered flights using differential-display reverse transcription-PCR. One of the differentially expressed genes, ubiquitin-ribosomal S27a, was confirmed using qPCR. Ubiquitin-ribosomal S27a is drastically up regulated following the aphids' migration and before the flight muscle degeneration. Our data suggested that aphid flight muscles degenerate after migration. During flight muscle degeneration, endogenous proteins may be degraded to reallocate energy for reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglin Feng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, NO. 2 Yuanmingyuan Xilu, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China. .,College of Plant Science, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China. .,Boyce Thompson Institute, 533 Tower Road, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA.
| | - Xiao Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, NO. 2 Yuanmingyuan Xilu, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China.,Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Baishiyi, Jiulongpo District, Chongqing, 401329, China
| | - Hongyan Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, NO. 2 Yuanmingyuan Xilu, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China.,College of Plant Science, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, NO. 2 Yuanmingyuan Xilu, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jinghui Xi
- College of Plant Science, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, Jilin, China
| | - Jiao Yin
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, NO. 2 Yuanmingyuan Xilu, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yazhong Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, NO. 2 Yuanmingyuan Xilu, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Kebin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, NO. 2 Yuanmingyuan Xilu, Haidian District, Beijing, 100193, China.
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