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Pulcherio RSL, Rocha MNA, de Barros RVP, Brito ES, Dos Santos DP, Mendon Ça AJ, Str Üssman C, Ferraz RHS. INFLUENCE OF SEASON, ENVIRONMENT, AND SEX ON SELECTED BLOOD PARAMETERS OF GEOFFROY'S SIDE-NECKED TURTLES, PHRYNOPS GEOFFROANUS (SCHWEIGGER, 1812). J Zoo Wildl Med 2023; 54:484-497. [PMID: 37817614 DOI: 10.1638/2022-0094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Laboratory tests help to determine a diagnosis, to plan treatment, and to indicate prognosis of diseases. However, the interpretation of test results in reptiles is challenging, because they are influenced by environmental and individual factors. Therefore, the objective of this study was to establish hematologic parameters of Geoffroy's side-necked turtle (Phrynops geoffroanus), including variables such as season, environment, sex, and straight carapace length (SCL). Blood samples were analyzed from 38 P. geoffroanus (23 males and 15 females) collected during the rainy and dry seasons. Some of the animals were from captivity and others from an urban stream. To verify the influence of the variables on blood parameters, the general linear model was performed. The Pearson correlation coefficient was also used to verify the association between SCL and hematologic parameters. Among these parameters, hemoglobin (P = 0.008) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (P = 0.001) were statistically higher during the rainy season. On the other hand, WBC (P = 0.011), heterophils (P = 0.045), eosinophils (P < 0.001), lymphocytes (P = 0.014), and monocytes (P = 0.039) were higher in the dry season. The RBC count (P = 0.035), PCV (P = 0.029), basophils (P = 0.013), and monocytes (P = 0,013) were significantly higher in individuals from captivity, but lymphocytes (P = 0.033) were higher in the urban turtles. Only eosinophils (P = 0.025) were higher in females than in males. There was no influence of the variables season, environment, and sex on the mean corpuscular volume (P = 0.071; P = 0.458; P = 0.052), total solids (P = 0.773; P = 0.121; P = 0.131), and heterophil:lymphocyte ratio (P = 0.992; P = 0.58; P = 0.119). No influence of the size on hematologic parameters was observed. Season, environment, and sex may influence the blood parameters of P. geoffroanus, and these factors should be routinely considered in the interpretation of laboratory results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S L Pulcherio
- Federal Institute of Mato Grosso - IFMT Cuiabá-Bela Vista Campus, Avenida Ver. Juliano da Costa Marques, Bairro Bela Vista, 78050-560, Cuiabám Mato Grosso, Brazil,
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Avenida Fernando Corrêa da Costa, Bairro Boa Esperança, 78060-900, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Marcela N A Rocha
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Avenida Fernando Corrêa da Costa, Bairro Boa Esperança, 78060-900, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Rachel V P de Barros
- Veterinary Medicine College, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, Bairro Boa Esperança, 78060-900, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Elizângela S Brito
- Laboratory of Herpetology, Biodiversity Center, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, Bairro Boa Esperança, 78060-900, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Denize P Dos Santos
- Graduate Program in Statistics and Agronomic Experiments from Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adriane J Mendon Ça
- Veterinary Medicine College, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, Bairro Boa Esperança, 78060-900, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Christine Str Üssman
- Veterinary Medicine College, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, Bairro Boa Esperança, 78060-900, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
| | - Rosa H S Ferraz
- Graduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Avenida Fernando Corrêa da Costa, Bairro Boa Esperança, 78060-900, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
- Veterinary Medicine College, Federal University of Mato Grosso, Av. Fernando Corrêa da Costa, Bairro Boa Esperança, 78060-900, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
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Penman Z, Deeming DC, Soulsbury CD. Ecological and life-history correlates of erythrocyte size and shape in Lepidosauria. J Evol Biol 2022; 35:708-718. [PMID: 35384114 PMCID: PMC9322653 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.14004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Blood oxygen-carrying capacity is shaped both by the ambient oxygen availability as well as species-specific oxygen demand. Erythrocytes are a critical part of oxygen transport and both their size and shape can change in relation to species-specific life-history, behavioural or ecological conditions. Here, we test whether components of the environment (altitude), life history (reproductive mode, body temperature) and behaviour (diving, foraging mode) drive erythrocyte size variation in the Lepidosauria (lizards, snakes and rhynchocephalians). We collected data on erythrocyte size (area) and shape (L/W: elongation ratio) from Lepidosauria across the globe (N = 235 species). Our analyses show the importance of oxygen requirements as a driver of erythrocyte size. Smaller erythrocytes were associated with the need for faster delivery (active foragers, high-altitude species, warmer body temperatures), whereas species with greater oxygen demands (diving species, viviparous species) had larger erythrocytes. Erythrocyte size shows considerable cross-species variation, with a range of factors linked to the oxygen delivery requirements being major drivers of these differences. A key future aspect for study would include within-individual plasticity and how changing states, for example, pregnancy, perhaps alter the size and shape of erythrocytes in Lepidosaurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Penman
- School of Life Sciences and Environmental SciencesUniversity of LincolnLincolnUK
| | - D. Charles Deeming
- School of Life Sciences and Environmental SciencesUniversity of LincolnLincolnUK
| | - Carl D. Soulsbury
- School of Life Sciences and Environmental SciencesUniversity of LincolnLincolnUK
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