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Ding Y, Li J, Gao Y, Wang X, Wang Y, Zhu C, Liu Q, Zheng L, Qi M, Zhang L, Ji H, Yang F, Fan X, Dong W. Analysis of morphology, histology characteristics, and circadian clock gene expression of Onychostoma macrolepis at the overwintering period and the breeding period. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2024; 50:1265-1279. [PMID: 38568383 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01336-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Fish typically adapt to their environment through evolutionary traits, and this adaptive strategy plays a critical role in promoting species diversity. Onychostoma macrolepis is a rare and endangered wild species that exhibits a life history of overwintering in caves and breeding in mountain streams. We analyzed the morphological characteristics, histological structure, and expression of circadian clock genes in O. macrolepis to elucidate its adaptive strategies to environmental changes in this study. The results showed that the relative values of O. macrolepis eye diameter, body height, and caudal peduncle height enlarged significantly during the breeding period. The outer layer of the heart was dense; the ventricular myocardial wall was thickened; the fat was accumulated in the liver cells; the red and white pulp structures of the spleen, renal tubules, and glomeruli were increased; and the goblet cells of the intestine were decreased in the breeding period. In addition, the spermatogenic cyst contained mature sperm, and the ovaries were filled with eggs at various stages of development. Throughout the overwintering period, the melano-macrophage center is located between the spleen and kidney, and the melano-macrophage center in the cytoplasm has the ability to synthesize melanin, and is arranged in clusters to form cell clusters or white pulp scattered in it. Circadian clock genes were identified in all organs, exhibiting significant differences between the before/after overwintering period and the breeding period. These findings indicate that the environment plays an important role in shaping the behavior of O. macrolepis, helping the animals to build self-defense mechanisms during cyclical habitat changes. Studying the morphological, histological structure and circadian clock gene expression of O. macrolepis during the overwintering and breeding periods is beneficial for understanding its unique hibernation behavior in caves. Additionally, it provides an excellent biological sample for investigating the environmental adaptability of atypical cavefish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Ding
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jincan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yao Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Dayi Xunlong Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chao Zhu
- Biology Research Centre of Qin Mountains Wildlife, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qimin Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lijuan Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Meng Qi
- China Institute of Selenium Industry, Ankang, 725000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lijun Zhang
- China Institute of Selenium Industry, Ankang, 725000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hong Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fangxia Yang
- College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- Biology Research Centre of Qin Mountains Wildlife, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoteng Fan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
- Shaanxi Dayi Xunlong Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Wuzi Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
- Shaanxi Dayi Xunlong Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
- Biology Research Centre of Qin Mountains Wildlife, Northwest A&F University, No. 22 Xinong Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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de Oliveira Guilherme H, Perez Ribeiro PA, Prado VGL, Bahiense RN, Gamarano PG, de Oliveira CG, de Almeida Freitas D, Costa LS. Feeding behaviour, locomotion rhythms and blood biochemistry of the neotropical red-tail catfish (Phractocephalus hemioliopterus). JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2023; 102:803-815. [PMID: 36648082 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The study evaluated the feeding behaviour of Phractocephalus hemioliopterus through the animals' ability to adapt to the self-feeding system, their preferred feeding times and locomotor activity, as well as the blood biochemistry of juveniles fed in a light/dark cycle. The study was carried out through two experiments, the first of which contained two phases. In experiment 1 - phase I, 24 juveniles (35.28 ± 0.62 g) were distributed in eight 48 l tanks. The tanks were equipped with a self-feeding system and the experiment consisted of evaluating whether the animals were able to adapt to the self-feeding system, as well as evaluating the preferred feeding times and locomotor activity of these animals. A feeding challenge to the animals was introduced in phase II, based on the results of phase I. The results of the first phase evidenced a nocturnal feeding preference. Thus, the feeding challenge consisted of measuring whether the animal would feed during the day and how long it would take to adapt. When the animals consumed 100% of the amount of feed provided daily, phase II was ended. In experiment 2, 24 juveniles of P. hemioliopterus (182.00 ± 14.03 g) were distributed in eight 96 l tanks. This experiment consisted of two treatments with four repetitions, one with exclusive feeding during the middle of the light cycle and another with exclusive feeding in the middle of the dark cycle. At the end, blood samples were collected from the animals for blood biochemistry evaluations. In experiment 1 - phase I, the results showed that the fish adapted very well to the self-feeding system and had a strictly nocturnal feeding behaviour and locomotor rhythm. When they were submitted to the feeding challenge in phase II, the feed intake was stabilized from the 17th day onwards, proportionally to the nocturnal consumption observed in the first phase, thus demonstrating feeding plasticity. In experiment 2, the feeding times influenced the animals' biochemical parameters. Animals fed during the night had higher values of cholesterol and triglycerides than animals fed during the day. It is concluded that P. hemioliopterus has fast adaptability to a self-feeding system, with strictly nocturnal feeding and locomotor behaviours. However, it has feeding plasticity, adapting its behaviour according to food availability. Blood biochemical parameters are influenced by the light/dark feeding cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helder de Oliveira Guilherme
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinária, Laboratório de Aquacultura, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Paula Adriane Perez Ribeiro
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinária, Laboratório de Aquacultura, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Verônica Guimarães Landa Prado
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinária, Laboratório de Aquacultura, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Raphael Nogueira Bahiense
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinária, Laboratório de Aquacultura, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Pedro Gomes Gamarano
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinária, Laboratório de Aquacultura, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Camila Gomes de Oliveira
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinária, Laboratório de Aquacultura, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Débora de Almeida Freitas
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinária, Laboratório de Aquacultura, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Leandro Santos Costa
- Departamento de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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PPAR-γ Agonist Pioglitazone Restored Mouse Liver mRNA Expression of Clock Genes and Inflammation-Related Genes Disrupted by Reversed Feeding. PPAR Res 2022; 2022:7537210. [PMID: 35663475 PMCID: PMC9162826 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7537210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The master clock, which is located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), harmonizes clock genes present in the liver to synchronize life rhythms and bioactivity with the surrounding environment. The reversed feeding disrupts the expression of clock genes in the liver. Recently, a novel role of PPAR-γ as a regulator in correlating circadian rhythm and metabolism was demonstrated. This study examined the influence of PPAR-γ agonist pioglitazone (PG) on the mRNA expression profile of principle clock genes and inflammation-related genes in the mouse liver disrupted by reverse feeding. Methods Mice were randomly assigned to daytime-feeding and nighttime-feeding groups. Mice in daytime-feeding groups received food from 7 AM to 7 PM, and mice in nighttime-feeding groups received food from 7 PM to 7 AM. PG was administered in the dose of 20 mg/kg per os as aqueous suspension 40 μl at 7 AM or 7 PM. Each group consisted of 12 animals. On day 8 of the feeding intervention, mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation at noon (05 hours after light onset (HALO)) and midnight (HALO 17). Liver expressions of Bmal1, Clock, Rev-erb alpha, Cry1, Cry2, Per1, Per2, Cxcl5, Nrf2, and Ppar-γ were determined by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. Liver expression of PPAR-γ, pNF-κB, and IL-6 was determined by Western blotting. Glucose, ceruloplasmin, total cholesterol, triglyceride concentrations, and ALT and AST activities were measured in sera by photometric methods. The null hypothesis tested was that PG and the time of its administration have no influence on the clock gene expression impaired by reverse feeding. Results Administration of PG at 7 AM to nighttime-feeding mice did not reveal any influence on the expression of the clock or inflammation-related genes either at midnight or at noon. In the daytime-feeding group, PG intake at 7 PM led to an increase in Per2 and Rev-erb alpha mRNA at noon, an increase in Ppar-γ mRNA at midnight, and a decrease in Nfκb (p65) mRNA at noon. In general, PG administration at 7 PM slightly normalized the impaired expression of clock genes and increased anti-inflammatory potency impaired by reversed feeding. This pattern was supported by biochemical substrate levels—glucose, total cholesterol, ALT, and AST activities. The decrease in NF-κB led to the inhibition of serum ceruloplasmin levels as well as IL-6 in liver tissue. According to our data, PG intake at 7 PM exerts strong normalization of clock gene expression with a further increase in Nrf2 and, especially, Ppar-γ and PPAR-γ expression with inhibition of Nfκb and pNF-κB expression in daytime-feeding mice. These expression changes resulted in decreased hyperglycemia, hypercholesterolemia, ALT, and AST activities. Thus, PG had a potent chronopharmacological effect when administered at 7 PM to daytime-feeding mice. Conclusions Our study indicates that reversed feeding induced the disruption of mouse liver circadian expression pattern of clock genes accompanied by increasing Nfκb and pNF-κB and IL-6 expression and decreasing Nrf2 and PPAR-γ. Administration of PG restored the clock gene expression profile and decreased Nfκb, pNF-κB, and IL-6, as well as increased Nrf2, Ppar-γ, and PPAR-γ expression. PG intake at 7 PM was more effective than at 7 AM in reversed feeding mice.
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