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Fang H, Wang W, Wang R, Xu H, Zhang Y, Wu T, Zhou R, Zhang J, Ruan Z, Li F, Wang X. Ozone and its precursors at an urban site in the Yangtze River Delta since clean air action plan phase II in China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 347:123769. [PMID: 38499173 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
In response to regional ozone (O3) pollution, Chinese government has implemented air pollution control measures in recent years. Here, a case study was performed at an O3-polluted city, Wuhu, in Yangtze River Delta region of China to investigate O3 variation trend and the relationship to its precursors after implementation of Clean Air Action Plan Phase II, which aims to reduce O3 pollution. The results showed that peak O3 concentration was effectively reduced since Clean Air Action Plan Phase II. Due to significant NOx reduction, O3 formation tended to shift from volatile organic compound (VOC)-limited regimes to NOx-limited regimes during 2018-2022. VOC/NOx ratios measured in 2022 revealed that peak O3 concentration tended to respond positively to NOx. Apart from high-O3 period, Wuhu was still in a VOC-limited regime. The relationship of maximum daily 8-h ozone average and NO2 followed a lognormal distribution with an inflection point at 20 μg m-3 of NO2, suggesting that Wuhu should conduct joint control of VOC and NOx with a focus on VOC reduction before the inflection point. Alkenes and aromatics were suggested to be preferentially controlled due to their higher ozone formation potentials. Using random forest meteorological normalization method, meteorology had a positive effect on O3 concentration in 2018, 2019 and 2022, but a negative effect in 2020 and 2021. The meteorology could explain 44.0 ± 19.1% of the O3 variation during 2018-2022. High temperature favors O3 production and O3 pollution occurred more easily when temperature was over 25 °C, while high relative humidity inhibits O3 generation and no O3 pollution was found at relative humidity above 70%. This study unveils some new insights into the trend of urban O3 pollution in Yangtze River Delta region since Clean Air Action Plan Phase II and the findings provide important references for formulating control strategies against O3 pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Fang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China; Center of Cooperative Innovation for Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang City Belt, Wuhu, 241000, China.
| | - Wenjing Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Wuhu Institute of Ecological Environmental Sciences, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Hongling Xu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Wuhu Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center of Anhui Province, Wuhu, 241005, China
| | - Ting Wu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China; Center of Cooperative Innovation for Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang City Belt, Wuhu, 241000, China.
| | - Ruicheng Zhou
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Jianxi Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Zhirong Ruan
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Feng Li
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Xinming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510640, China; CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou, 510640, China
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Wang F, Ho SSH, Man CL, Qu L, Wang Z, Ning Z, Ho KF. Characteristics and sources of oxygenated VOCs in Hong Kong: Implications for ozone formation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169156. [PMID: 38065490 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the characteristics of oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) and their potential contribution to ozone (O3) generation, we conducted 3-h high-resolution observations during the summertime of 2022 and the wintertime of 2021. This study focused on a total of 28 OVOCs in five different chemical classes, which were encompassed at two representative sites in Hong Kong, including a roadside and an urban area. During the summertime, the total concentrations of quantified OVOCs (∑OVOCs) were 45 ± 12 and 63 ± 20 μg m-3 at the roadside and urban sites, respectively, whereas the ∑OVOCs decreased by 31 ± 11 % and 38 ± 13 %, respectively, during the wintertime. Among the classes of OVOCs, carbonyls and alcohols were the two predominant at both sites, with relatively higher concentration levels of acetone, methanol, butanaldehyde, and acrolein. The sources of OVOCs have significant spatial and temporal characteristics. Spatially, OVOCs were predominately attributed to primary emission and background at the roadside site, whereas they were a combination of primary emission, secondary formation, and background at the urban site. Temporally, background sources dominated the summertime OVOCs, while the contribution of primary emissions increased for the wintertime OVOCs. The O3 formation potential (OFP) for the OVOCs was calculated. The OFPs were 67 ± 16 and 119 ± 31 μg m-3 at the roadside and urban sites during the summertime, whereas the winter OFPs declined 30 % at the roadside and 38 % at the urban site. The background sources of carbonyls and alcohols at the roadside and of carbonyls and acrylates in the urban area were the major contributors to the summer OFP. Controlling the OVOC sources from local non-combustion sources such as gasoline-fuel evaporation and volatile chemical-containing products could lead to a reduction of OVOCs in the background and subsequently mitigate the OFP. This is beneficial for local O3 reduction in Hong Kong and surrounding regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanglin Wang
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Steven Sai Hang Ho
- Division of Atmospheric Sciences, Desert Research Institute, 2215 Raggio Parkway, Reno, NV 89512, United States; Hong Kong Premium Services and Research Company, Lai Chi Kok, Hong Kong; Shenzhen Voltech Analytical and Technology Center, Futian, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chung Ling Man
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Linli Qu
- Hong Kong Premium Services and Research Company, Lai Chi Kok, Hong Kong; Shenzhen Voltech Analytical and Technology Center, Futian, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong
| | - Zhi Ning
- Division of Environment and Sustainability, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong
| | - Kin Fai Ho
- JC School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Wang W, Fang H, Zhang Y, Ding Y, Hua F, Wu T, Yan Y. Characterizing sources and ozone formations of summertime volatile organic compounds observed in a medium-sized city in Yangtze River Delta region. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 328:138609. [PMID: 37023901 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from various sources into atmosphere could cause serious O3 pollution in urban areas. Although characterizations of ambient VOCs have been extensively studied in megacities, they are scarcely investigated in medium/small-sized cities, which could present different pollution characterizations due to the factors like emission sources and populations. Herein, field campaigns were conducted concurrently at six sites in a medium-sized city of Yangtze River Delta region to determine ambient levels, O3 formations and source contributions of summertime VOCs. During the observation period, the total VOC (TVOCs) mixing ratios ranged from 27.10 ± 3.35 to 39.09 ± 10.84 ppb at six sites. The ozone formation potential (OFP) results showed that alkenes, aromatics and oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) were dominant contributors, together sharing 81.4% of total calculated OFPs. Ethene ranked the largest OFP contributor at all six sites. A high VOC site, KC, was selected as a case to detailed analyze diurnal variations of VOCs and its relationship with O3. Consequently, diurnal patterns varied with VOC groups, and TVOC concentrations were lowest during strong photochemical period (15:00-18:00 p.m.), opposite to the O3 peak. VOCs/NOx ratios and observation-based model (OBM) analysis revealed that O3 formation sensitivity was primarily in transition regime in summertime and that the reduction of VOCs rather than NOX would be more efficient to suppress O3 peak at KC during pollution episode. Additionally, source apportionment conducted with positive matrix factorization (PMF) indicated that industrial emission (29.2%-51.7%) and gasoline exhaust (22.4%-41.1%) were major sources for VOCs at all six sites, and that VOCs from industrial emissions and gasoline exhaust were the key precursors for ozone formation. Our results shed light on the importance of alkenes, aromatics and OVOCs in forming O3 and propose that preferentially reducing VOCs especially those from industrial emission and gasoline exhaust would benefit alleviating O3 pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Hua Fang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China; Center of Cooperative Innovation for Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang City Belt, Wuhu, 241000, China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- Wuhu Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center of Anhui Province, Wuhu, 241005, China
| | - Yueyue Ding
- Wuhu Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center of Anhui Province, Wuhu, 241005, China
| | - Fei Hua
- Wuhu Institute of Technology, Wuhu, 241006, China
| | - Ting Wu
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China; Center of Cooperative Innovation for Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang City Belt, Wuhu, 241000, China.
| | - Yunzhi Yan
- School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, China; Center of Cooperative Innovation for Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang City Belt, Wuhu, 241000, China.
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Qian Z, Meng Q, Chen K, Zhang Z, Liang H, Yang H, Huang X, Zhong W, Zhang Y, Wei Z, Zhang B, Zhang K, Chen M, Zhang Y, Ge X. Machine Learning Explains Long-Term Trend and Health Risk of Air Pollution during 2015-2022 in a Coastal City in Eastern China. TOXICS 2023; 11:481. [PMID: 37368580 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11060481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to air pollution is one of the greatest environmental risks for human health. Air pollution level is significantly driven by anthropogenic emissions and meteorological conditions. To protect people from air pollutants, China has implemented clean air actions to reduce anthropogenic emissions, which has led to rapid improvement in air quality over China. Here, we evaluated the impact of anthropogenic emissions and meteorological conditions on trends in air pollutants in a coastal city (Lianyungang) in eastern China from 2015 to 2022 based on a random forest model. The annual mean concentration of observed air pollutants, including fine particles, inhalable particles, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide, presented significant decreasing trends during 2015-2022, with dominant contributions (55-75%) by anthropogenic emission reduction. An increasing trend in ozone was observed with an important contribution (28%) by anthropogenic emissions. The impact of meteorological conditions on air pollution showed significant seasonality. For instance, the negative impact on aerosol pollution occurred during cold months, while the positive impact was in warm months. Health-risk-based air quality decreased by approximately 40% in 8 years, for which anthropogenic emission made a major contribution (93%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihe Qian
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Qingxiao Meng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Kehong Chen
- Lianyungang Environmental Monitoring Center, Lianyungang 222000, China
| | - Zihang Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Hongwei Liang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Han Yang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xiaolei Huang
- Lianyungang Environmental Monitoring Center, Lianyungang 222000, China
| | - Weibin Zhong
- Lianyungang Environmental Monitoring Center, Lianyungang 222000, China
| | - Yichen Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Ziqian Wei
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Binqian Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Kexin Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Meijuan Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yunjiang Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xinlei Ge
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
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5
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Zeng X, Han M, Ren G, Liu G, Wang X, Du K, Zhang X, Lin H. A comprehensive investigation on source apportionment and multi-directional regional transport of volatile organic compounds and ozone in urban Zhengzhou. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 334:139001. [PMID: 37220798 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
To understand the characteristics, source apportionment, and regional transport of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and ozone (O3) in a typical city with severe air pollution in central China, we observed and analyzed 115 VOC species at an urban site in Zhengzhou from 29 July to 26 September 2021. During this period, observation- and emission-based approaches revealed that Zhengzhou was in a VOC-limited regime. The average concentration of total VOCs (TVOCs) was 162.25 ± 71.42 μg/m3, dominated by oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs, 34.49%), alkanes (24.29%), and aromatics (19.49%). Six VOC sources were identified using positive matrix factorization (PMF) model, including paint solvent usage (25.32%), secondary production (24.11%), industrial production (19.22%), vehicle exhaust (16.18%), biogenic emission (8.87%), and combustion (6.30%). To assess the regional contribution and source apportionment of VOCs and O3, Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extensions (CAMx) with the Ozone Source Apportionment Technology (OSAT) was used for simulation. Results showed that the VOCs were significantly affected by local emissions (about 70%), while O3 was mainly attributed to regional and super-regional transport. Regarding multi-directional regional transport of VOCs and O3, dominant contributions were from the northeast and east-northeast directions, and O3 contributions were also predominantly from the east and east-southeast directions. In terms of source apportionment, the transportation and industrial sectors (including solvent usage) were the major contributors to O3 and VOCs. To alleviate VOCs and O3 pollution, transportation and industrial emission reduction should be strengthened, and regional coordination, especially from the northeast to east-southeast directions, should be emphasized in addition to local management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Zeng
- Division of Thermophysics Metrology, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China; Zhengzhou Institute of Metrology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Mengjuan Han
- Division of Thermophysics Metrology, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China; Zhengzhou Institute of Metrology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ge Ren
- Division of Thermophysics Metrology, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China; Zhengzhou Institute of Metrology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Gege Liu
- Division of Thermophysics Metrology, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China; Zhengzhou Institute of Metrology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xiaoning Wang
- Zhengzhou Institute of Metrology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Kailun Du
- Zhengzhou Institute of Metrology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhang
- Zhengzhou Institute of Metrology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Hong Lin
- Division of Thermophysics Metrology, National Institute of Metrology, Beijing, 100029, China; Zhengzhou Institute of Metrology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
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Wang F, Lv S, Liu X, Lei Y, Wu C, Chen Y, Zhang F, Wang G. Investigation into the differences and relationships between gasSOA and aqSOA in winter haze pollution on Chongming Island, Shanghai, based on VOCs observation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120684. [PMID: 36400138 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) under current atmospheric conditions, we conducted a field observation of SOA precursors in the downwind region of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) in winter 2019 using a variety of offline and online instruments. During the entire observation period, the averaged fine particulate SOA was 7.9 ± 2.3 μg m-3, with precursor concentrations of 31 ± 11 ppbv for the measured volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and 16 ± 12 ppbv for NOx. Compared to those on the clean days, SOA on the haze days increased by a factor of 1.6, while the VOC and NOx increased by a factor of 1.3 and 2.0, respectively. Aerosol liquid water content (ALWC) and oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs, including acetaldehyde, formic acid, acetone, acetic acid, methyl ethyl ketone, and methylglyoxal) relationships suggested that the gasSOA and aqSOA occurred simultaneously on Chongming Island in winter. The gasSOA was primarily formed by the oxidation of aromatics and NOx at low RH (RH < 80%) conditions. In contrast, the aqSOA was formed under higher RH (RH > 80%) conditions via a combination of daytime photochemical aqueous phase processes of water-soluble OVOCs and nocturnal dark aqueous phase processes of primary emissions from biomass. The inversed higher mass ratio of NACs to (benzene + toluene) and nitrogen oxidation ratio (NOR) in the daytime during the gasSOA-dominated haze periods indicated that gasSOA could be transformed to aqSOA at high NOx levels. Our results also suggested the importance of NOx and VOC reduction measures in directly mitigating gasSOA and indirectly mitigating aqSOA during winter haze pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanglin Wang
- Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Shaojun Lv
- Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Xiaodi Liu
- Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yali Lei
- Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Can Wu
- Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Yubao Chen
- Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Gehui Wang
- Key Lab of Geographic Information Science of the Ministry of Education, School of Geographic Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming, Chenjia Zhen, Chongming, Shanghai, 202162, China.
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Tang G, Yao D, Kang Y, Liu Y, Liu Y, Wang Y, Bai Z, Sun J, Cong Z, Xin J, Liu Z, Zhu Z, Geng Y, Wang L, Li T, Li X, Bian J, Wang Y. The urgent need to control volatile organic compound pollution over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. iScience 2022; 25:105688. [PMID: 36578322 PMCID: PMC9791344 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to the impact of the western development of China, there have been signs of air pollution over the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in recent years. However, monitoring data on atmospheric volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are lacking in plateau areas. Here, VOCs concentrations in urban and background areas in North China and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were observed from 2012 to 2014 and 2020 to 2022, respectively. Compared to 2012-2014, the concentration of VOCs increased to 2.5 times in urban areas on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which was equivalent to that in North China. Oil, gas, and solvent evaporation caused by a low atmospheric pressure is the primary factor for the increase in VOCs in plateau areas, and weak VOCs degradation is the secondary factor. Hence, we put forward the VOCs control strategies in plateau areas and point out the defects in the current research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiqian Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China,State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dan Yao
- School of Environment, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, China
| | - Yanyu Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China,Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yuting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yusi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather and Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry of China Meteorology Administration, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yinghong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhixuan Bai
- Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhiyuan Cong
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jinyuan Xin
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhaoyun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yejun Geng
- China Petroleum Engineering and Construction Corp. Beijing Design Branch, Beijing 100086, China
| | - Lili Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Tingting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Xin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jianchun Bian
- Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China,Corresponding author
| | - Yuesi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China,Corresponding author
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8
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Atmospheric Carbonyl Compounds in the Central Taklimakan Desert in Summertime: Ambient Levels, Composition and Sources. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13050761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Although carbonyl compounds are a key species with atmospheric oxidation capacity, their concentrations and sources have not been sufficiently characterized in various atmospheres, especially in desert areas. In this study, atmospheric carbonyl compounds were measured from 16 May to 15 June 2018 in Tazhong in the central Taklimakan Desert, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. Concentrations, chemical compositions, and sources of carbonyl compounds were investigated and compared with those of different environments worldwide. The average concentration of total carbonyls during the sampling period was 11.79 ± 4.03 ppbv. Formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acetone were the most abundant carbonyls, with average concentrations of 6.08 ± 2.37, 1.68 ± 0.78, and 2.52 ± 0.68 ppbv, respectively. Strong correlations between formaldehyde and other carbonyls were found, indicating same or similar sources and sinks. A hybrid single-particle Lagrangian integrated trajectory was used to analyze 72 h back trajectories. The values of C1/C2 (formaldehyde to acetaldehyde, 3.22–4.59) and C2/C3 (acetaldehyde to propionaldehyde, 15.00–17.03) from different directions and distances of the trajectories were consistent with the characteristics of a remote area. Relative to various environments, the carbonyl concentration in the Tazhong desert site was lower than that in urban areas and higher than that in suburban and remote areas, implying contributions from local primary and secondary sources. The obtained data can be used to improve the source and sink estimation of carbonyls at the regional scale.
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Hernandez-Garcia E, Chrysikou E, Kalea AZ. The Interplay between Housing Environmental Attributes and Design Exposures and Psychoneuroimmunology Profile-An Exploratory Review and Analysis Paper in the Cancer Survivors' Mental Health Morbidity Context. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:10891. [PMID: 34682637 PMCID: PMC8536084 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adult cancer survivors have an increased prevalence of mental health comorbidities and other adverse late-effects interdependent with mental illness outcomes compared with the general population. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) heralds an era of renewed call for actions to identify sustainable modalities to facilitate the constructs of cancer survivorship care and health care delivery through physiological supportive domestic spaces. Building on the concept of therapeutic architecture, psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) indicators-with the central role in low-grade systemic inflammation-are associated with major psychiatric disorders and late effects of post-cancer treatment. Immune disturbances might mediate the effects of environmental determinants on behaviour and mental disorders. Whilst attention is paid to the non-objective measurements for examining the home environmental domains and mental health outcomes, little is gathered about the multidimensional effects on physiological responses. This exploratory review presents a first analysis of how addressing the PNI outcomes serves as a catalyst for therapeutic housing research. We argue the crucial component of housing in supporting the sustainable primary care and public health-based cancer survivorship care model, particularly in the psychopathology context. Ultimately, we illustrate a series of interventions aiming at how housing environmental attributes can trigger PNI profile changes and discuss the potential implications in the non-pharmacological treatment of cancer survivors and patients with mental morbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Hernandez-Garcia
- The Bartlett Real Estate Institute, The Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
| | - Evangelia Chrysikou
- The Bartlett Real Estate Institute, The Bartlett School of Sustainable Construction, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK;
- Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, Department of Social Medicine, University of Crete, 700 13 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Anastasia Z. Kalea
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London WC1E 6JF, UK;
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London WC1E 6HX, UK
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