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Monte I, BorziÌ D, Saladino S, Losi V, Faro D. Strain and myocardial work index during echo exercise to evaluate myocardial function in athletes. J Cardiovasc Echogr 2022; 32:82-88. [PMID: 36249438 PMCID: PMC9558636 DOI: 10.4103/jcecho.jcecho_1_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the application of global longitudinal strain (GLS) and myocardial work (MW) at rest and during exercise in healthy sedentary or trained participants, to test their ability to improve echocardiographic information and to complement prescribing exercise, cardiac screening, or rehabilitation programs.
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The Female Athlete's Heart: Comparison of Cardiac Changes Induced by Different Types of Exercise Training Using 3D Echocardiography. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:3561962. [PMID: 29998132 PMCID: PMC5994567 DOI: 10.1155/2018/3561962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to characterize female athlete's heart in elite competitors in the International Federation of Bodybuilding and Fitness (IFBB) Bikini Fitness category and compare them to athletes of a more dynamic sport discipline and healthy, sedentary volunteers using 3D echocardiography. Fifteen elite female fitness athletes were recruited and compared to 15 elite, age-matched female water polo athletes and 15 age-matched healthy, nontrained controls. Using 3D echocardiography, left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) end-diastolic volume index (EDVi) and LV mass index (LVMi) were measured. Fitness athletes presented similar LV and RV EDVi compared to healthy, sedentary volunteers. Water polo athletes, however, had higher LV and also RV EDVi (fitness versus water polo versus control; LVEDVi: 76 ± 13 versus 84 ± 8 versus 73 ± 8 ml/m2, ANOVA p = 0.045; RVEDVi: 61 ± 12 versus 86 ± 14 versus 55 ± 9 ml/m2, p < 0.0001). LVMi was significantly higher in the athlete groups; the hypertrophy, however, was even more prominent in water polo athletes (78 ± 13 versus 91 ± 10 versus 57 ± 10 g/m2, p < 0.0001). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to characterize female athlete's heart of IFBB Bikini Fitness competitors. The predominantly static exercise regime induced a mild, concentric-type LV hypertrophy, while in water polo athletes higher ventricular volumes and eccentric LV hypertrophy developed.
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Wang Q, Tan K, Xia H, Gao Y. Left ventricular structural alterations are accompanied by subclinical systolic dysfunction in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with concomitant hyperlipidemia: An analysis based on 3D speckle tracking echocardiography. Echocardiography 2018; 35:965-974. [PMID: 29509974 DOI: 10.1111/echo.13858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aims of the current study were to analyze and compare the left ventricular (LV) structure and function in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients with or without hyperlipidemia using conventional echocardiography and real-time three-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (3DSTE) and to determine the variables that could affect LV strain values in these patients. METHODS Eighty-one T2DM patients with normal LVEF (≥55%) were included, 41 of whom had hyperlipidemia as comorbidity. Forty age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers were recruited as the control group. Conventional echocardiography and 3DSTE were performed, and LV global longitudinal strain (GLS), global circumferential strain (GCS), global area strain (GAS), and global radial strain (GRS) were measured. RESULTS Significant differences in two-dimensional LV geometry were found among three groups (P = .015). Compared with the control group, LV remodeling was more prevalent in the patients with T2DM, and LV hypertrophy was most prevalent in the T2DM patients with hyperlipidemia. GLS and GCS values decreased significantly in the T2DM patients without hyperlipidemia relative to the control group (P < .01 and P < .05). The GLS, GCS, GAS, and GRS values in the T2DM patients with hyperlipidemia were all significantly lower than those in the control group (all P < .001) and were also significantly lower than those in the T2DM patients without hyperlipidemia (P < .01 or P < .05). Both fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and hyperlipidemia were independently associated with all strain values in patients with T2DM. CONCLUSIONS The combination of conventional echocardiography and 3DSTE could detect subclinical LV abnormalities in T2DM patients with or without hyperlipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Kaibin Tan
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongmei Xia
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunhua Gao
- Department of Ultrasound, Xinqiao Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Evaluation of systolic and diastolic properties of hypertensive heart failure using speckle-tracking echocardiography with high volume rates. Heart Vessels 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00380-017-0995-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ternacle J, Bremont C, d’Humieres T, Faivre L, Doan HL, Gallet R, Oliver L, Dubois-Randé JL, Lim P. Left ventricular dyssynchrony and 2D and 3D global longitudinal strain for differentiating physiological and pathological left ventricular hypertrophy. Arch Cardiovasc Dis 2017; 110:403-412. [DOI: 10.1016/j.acvd.2016.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Skobel E, Knackstedt C, Martinez-Romero A, Salvi D, Vera-Munoz C, Napp A, Luprano J, Bover R, Glöggler S, Bjarnason-Wehrens B, Marx N, Rigby A, Cleland J. Internet-based training of coronary artery patients: the Heart Cycle Trial. Heart Vessels 2016; 32:408-418. [PMID: 27730298 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-016-0897-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Low adherence to cardiac rehabilitation (CR) might be improved by remote monitoring systems that can be used to motivate and supervise patients and tailor CR safely and effectively to their needs. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of a smartphone-guided training system (GEX) and whether it could improve exercise capacity compared to CR delivered by conventional methods for patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). A prospective, randomized, international, multi-center study comparing CR delivered by conventional means (CG) or by remote monitoring (IG) using a new training steering/feedback tool (GEx System). This consisted of a sensor monitoring breathing rate and the electrocardiogram that transmitted information on training intensity, arrhythmias and adherence to training prescriptions, wirelessly via the internet, to a medical team that provided feedback and adjusted training prescriptions. Exercise capacity was evaluated prior to and 6 months after intervention. 118 patients (58 ± 10 years, 105 men) with CAD referred for CR were randomized (IG: n = 55, CG: n = 63). However, 15 patients (27 %) in the IG and 18 (29 %) in the CG withdrew participation and technical problems prevented a further 21 patients (38 %) in the IG from participating. No training-related complications occurred. For those who completed the study, peak VO2 improved more (p = 0.005) in the IG (1.76 ± 4.1 ml/min/kg) compared to CG (-0.4 ± 2.7 ml/min/kg). A newly designed system for home-based CR appears feasible, safe and improves exercise capacity compared to national CR. Technical problems reflected the complexity of applying remote monitoring solutions at an international level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Skobel
- Clinic for Cardiac and Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Rosenquelle, Kurbrunnenstraße 5, 52077, Aachen, Germany. .,Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Pneumology and Intensive Care, Medicine, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Christian Knackstedt
- Department of Cardiology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Dario Salvi
- Life Supporting Technologies, Departamento de Tecnología Fotónica y Bioingeniería, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cecilia Vera-Munoz
- Life Supporting Technologies, Departamento de Tecnología Fotónica y Bioingeniería, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andreas Napp
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Pneumology and Intensive Care, Medicine, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jean Luprano
- Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique SA, 2002, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Ramon Bover
- Servicio de Cardiología, Hospital Clínico Universitario San Carlos de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sigrid Glöggler
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Pneumology and Intensive Care, Medicine, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.,Clinical Trial Center Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Birna Bjarnason-Wehrens
- Institute for Cardiology and Sports Medicine, German Sports University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Marx
- Department of Cardiology, Angiology, Pneumology and Intensive Care, Medicine, University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Alan Rigby
- Hull-York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK.,Department of Cardiology, Spire Hull and East Riding Hospital, Hull, UK
| | - John Cleland
- Hull-York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull, UK.,Department of Cardiology, Spire Hull and East Riding Hospital, Hull, UK
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Two-dimensional and three-dimensional left ventricular deformation analysis: a study in competitive athletes. Int J Cardiovasc Imaging 2016; 32:1697-1705. [DOI: 10.1007/s10554-016-0961-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Lo Iudice F, Petitto M, Ferrone M, Esposito R, Vaccaro A, Buonauro A, D'Andrea A, Trimarco B, Galderisi M. Determinants of myocardial mechanics in top-level endurance athletes: three-dimensional speckle tracking evaluation. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2016:jew122. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jew122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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Kowalik E, Kowalski M, Klisiewicz A, Hoffman P. Global area strain is a sensitive marker of subendocardial damage in adults after optimal repair of aortic coarctation: three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography data. Heart Vessels 2016; 31:1790-1797. [PMID: 26843196 PMCID: PMC5085995 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-016-0803-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Aortic coarctation (CoA) in adults is associated with reduced survival. Despite successful repair, some unfavorable changes in the left ventricular (LV) myocardial function are reported. Three-dimensional speckle-tracking imaging (3D-STE) is a novel method that allows to assess regional myocardial function in all directions simultaneously and to calculate global area strain which integrates longitudinal and circumferential deformation. The aim of our study was to assess whether 3-D STE provides any new characteristics of LV deformation in patients with optimal CoA repair. Adults after CoA correction underwent transthoracic echocardiographic examinations. Patients with significant concomitant lesions were ruled out. Global longitudinal strain (GLS), global circumferential strain (GCS), global area strain (GAS), and global radial strain (GRS) were assessed using 3D-STE (Echopac Software, GE). The data were compared with those obtained from healthy subjects. 26 adults (9F/17M; mean age 24.4 years) with repaired CoA were studied. Despite preserved LVEFs, patients with repaired CoA had decreased GAS compared with controls (−28.8 vs. −31.7 %; p = 0.007). No differences between patients and healthy subjects in terms of GLS, GCS and GRS were observed. We found a significant correlation between mean blood pressure and GAS (R = 0.39; p < 0.05). No significant influence of age at repair, CoA correction method or LV mass on three-dimensional deformation was observed. Summarizing, global area strain derived from 3D-STE may be a sensitive indicator of subclinical LV dysfunction in patients after optimal repair of CoA. Mean blood pressure, but not age at correction seems to determine LV deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Kowalik
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease, Institute of Cardiology, Alpejska 42, 04-628, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Mirosław Kowalski
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease, Institute of Cardiology, Alpejska 42, 04-628, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Klisiewicz
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease, Institute of Cardiology, Alpejska 42, 04-628, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Hoffman
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease, Institute of Cardiology, Alpejska 42, 04-628, Warsaw, Poland
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Szauder I, Kovács A, Pavlik G. Comparison of left ventricular mechanics in runners versus bodybuilders using speckle tracking echocardiography. Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2015; 13:7. [PMID: 25890373 PMCID: PMC4340118 DOI: 10.1186/s12947-015-0002-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Athlete’s heart is a common definition for a broad spectrum of adaptations induced by intense exercise. We intended to compare left ventricular (LV) mechanics in two sports disciplines with different exercise nature: marathon runners (endurance) and bodybuilders (power). Methods 24 marathon or ultramarathon runners (R), 14 bodybuilders (B) and 15 healthy, sedentary male volunteers (N) were investigated. Beyond standard echocardiographic protocol, parasternal short-axis and apical recordings optimized for speckle tracking analysis were acquired (Esaote MyLab 25). Using dedicated software (TomTec 2D Performance Analysis), global longitudinal (GLS), circumferential (GCS) and radial strain (GRS) were calculated by averaging the corresponding 16 LV segments. Data are presented as mean ± SD. Results Calculated LV mass was higher in bodybuilders compared to normal controls (R vs. B vs. N: 198 ± 52 vs. 224 ± 69 vs. 186 ± 30 g, p < 0.05). We found no difference regarding conventional systolic function parameters among the groups (ejection fraction: 55 ± 9 vs. 60 ± 6 vs. 59 ± 5%; mitral lateral S’ velocity: 10.7 ± 0.6 vs. 10.6 ± 0.4 vs. 11.0 ± 0.8 cm/s). However, speckle tracking analysis showed a different pattern of myocardial deformation in our groups: while GRS was similar, GLS was decreased in runners, GCS was decreased in bodybuilders compared to the other two groups (GLS: -19.4 ± 3.4 vs. -23.3 ± 2.1 vs. -24.1 ± 3.0; GCS: -26.6 ± 3.8 vs. -22.4 ± 4.3 vs. -26.4 ± 2.7%, p < 0.05). Significant correlations were found in runners between GLS and end-diastolic volume (r = 0.46; p < 0.05), and body surface area (r = 0.49; p < 0.05). In bodybuilders, GCS was closely related to LV mass (r = 0.61; p < 0.01) and systolic blood pressure (r = 0.42; p < 0.05). Conclusions While conventional morphological and functional echocardiographic parameters failed to distinguish between the athlete’s heart of the two different sport disciplines, deformation parameters showed a different pattern of LV mechanics in runners versus bodybuilders. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12947-015-0002-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ipoly Szauder
- Cardiologic Diagnostic Centre, Szabó Ilonka Str. 31, H-1015, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Attila Kovács
- Cardiovascular Imaging Research Group, Heart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Pavlik
- University of Physical Education, Budapest, Hungary.
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Santoro A, Alvino F, Antonelli G, Caputo M, Padeletti M, Lisi M, Mondillo S. Endurance and Strength Athlete's Heart: Analysis of Myocardial Deformation by Speckle Tracking Echocardiography. J Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2014; 22:196-204. [PMID: 25580194 PMCID: PMC4286641 DOI: 10.4250/jcu.2014.22.4.196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Intensive training induces two morphological myocardial typologies of athlete's heart. Endurance training (ET) induces eccentric remodeling, bradycardia and better diastolic filling. Strength training (ST) determines concentric chamber remodelling maintaining a normal heart rate (HR). Aim of the study was to compare ET and ST athletes' heart using speckle tracking echocardiography (STE). Methods 33 professional ET, 36 ST athletes, and 17 healthy controls (CT) were enrolled. All subjects underwent standard transthoracic echocardiography at rest and STE. Results In ET group, HR was lower than ST group and CT group (p < 0.001; p < 0.01). ET group had higher E/A ratio than ST group and CT group (p < 0.01; p < 0.001). The left ventricular apical circumferential strain in ET group was lower than ST group and CT group (-21.6 ± 4.1% vs. -26.8 ± 7.7%, p < 0.05; vs. -27.8 ± 5.6%, p < 0.01). ET group had lower left ventricular twist (LVT) and untwisting (UTW) than ST group (6.2 ± 0.1° vs. 12.0 ± 0.1°, p < 0.01; -67.3 ± 22.9°/s vs. -122.5 ± 52.8°/s, p < 0.01) and CT group (10.0 ± 0.1°, p < 0.01; -103.3 ± 29.3°/s, p < 0.01). The univariate analysis showed significant correlation between E/A ratio and HR (r = -0.54; p < 0.001), LVT (r = -0.45; p < 0.01), UTW (r = 0.24; p < 0.05). At the multivariate analysis only HR was confirmed as independent predictor of diastolic function in all groups (Beta -0.52; p < 0.001). Conclusion In ET there was a better global systolic and diastolic functional reserve at rest observed with strain analysis and it maybe depended on autonomic modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amato Santoro
- Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | | | - Maria Caputo
- Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Matteo Lisi
- Division of Cardiology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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