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Ahmad S, Yousaf A, Ghumman GM, Dvalishvili M, Ahsan MJ, Dilibe A, Reis HL, Qavi AH, Szerlip M, Goldsweig AM. Outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve replacement in patients with mitral annular calcification and concomitant mitral valve dysfunction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. CARDIOVASCULAR REVASCULARIZATION MEDICINE 2024; 61:99-109. [PMID: 37867120 DOI: 10.1016/j.carrev.2023.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcific aortic stenosis is the principal indication for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Comorbid mitral annular calcification (MAC) is often present in patients undergoing TAVR. Limited data exist on the impact of MAC on TAVR outcomes. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the effects of MAC and concomitant mitral valve dysfunction (MVD) on TAVR outcomes. METHODS A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, ClinicalTrials.gov, Scopus, and OVID for studies until March 20, 2023. Using the random-effects Mantel-Haenszel method, we calculated pooled risk ratios (RRs) and their corresponding 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for all dichotomous variables. RESULTS Six studies comprising 5822 patients (2541 with MAC [severe MAC (>4 mm thickness) 583; non-severe MAC 1958; 400 with MVD; and 1071 without MVD], 3281 without MAC) met inclusion criteria. At 30 days and 1 year, no significant differences were observed between the overall MAC and no MAC groups in terms of mortality, stroke, and permanent pacemaker implantation. However, MAC with MVD was associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality compared to MAC without MVD at 30 days (RR = 3.43, 95 % CI 2.04-5.76, P < 0.00001) and at 1 year (RR = 2.44, 95 % CI 1.85-3.20, P < 0.00001). Moreover, the risk of cardiovascular mortality was higher in patients with MAC and MVD compared to those with MAC alone (RR = 2.77, 95 % CI 1.89-4.06, P < 0.00001). Additionally, patients with severe MAC had a higher risk of major bleeding at 30 days compared to the non-severe MAC group (RR = 1.33, 95 % CI 1.04-1.69, P = 0.02). CONCLUSION TAVR appears to be safe in patients with non-severe MAC, but severe MAC is associated with a higher risk of major bleeding and concomitant MVD increases the mortality risk in patients undergoing TAVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soban Ahmad
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA.
| | - Amman Yousaf
- Department of Medicine, McLaren Flint-Michigan State University, Flint, MI, USA
| | | | | | | | - Arthur Dilibe
- Department of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Heidi Lynn Reis
- William E Laupus Health Sciences Library, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Ahmed Hassaan Qavi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, East Carolina Heart Institute, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Molly Szerlip
- Department of Cardiology, Baylor Scott and White, The Heart Hospital Plano, Plano, TX, USA
| | - Andrew Michael Goldsweig
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Cardiology, Baystate Medical Center/UMass Chan Medical School, Springfield, MA, USA
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Moin A, Lak HM, Zafar M, Tariq R, Shaikh FH, Mussa M, Bansal A, Shekhar S, Harb S, Unai S, Kapadia SR. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prevalence, Characteristics, and Impact of Mitral Annular Calcification on Outcomes After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation. Am J Cardiol 2023; 201:123-130. [PMID: 37385163 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2023.05.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
There is a paucity of data on the prognostic impact of mitral annular calcification (MAC) in patients who underwent transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) with conflicting results being reported by the studies that are published. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to assess the short-term and long-term outcomes of MAC in patients after TAVI. Of 25,407 studies identified after the initial database search, 4 observational studies comprising 2,620 patients (2,030 patients in the nonsevere MAC arm and 590 patients in the severe MAC arm) were included in the final analysis. Compared with patients with nonsevere MAC, the severe MAC group was associated with significantly higher incidences of overall bleeding (0.75 [0.57 to 0.98], p = 0.03, I2 = 0%) at 30 days. However, no significant difference was observed between the 2 groups for the rest of the 30-day outcomes: all-cause mortality (0.79 [0.42 to 1.48], p = 0.46, I2 = 9%), myocardial infarction (1.62 [0.37 to 7.04], p = 0.52, I2 = 0%), cerebrovascular accident or stroke (1.22 [0.53 to 2.83], p = 0.64, I2 = 0%), acute kidney injury (1.48 [0.64 to 3.42], p = 0.35, I2 = 0%), and pacemaker implantation (0.70 [0.39 to 1.25], p = 0.23, I2 = 68%). Similarly, follow-up outcomes also showed no significant difference between the 2 groups: all-cause mortality (0.69 [0.46 to 1.03], p = 0.07, I2 = 44%), cardiovascular mortality (0.52 [0.24 to 1.13], p = 0.10, I2 = 70%) and stroke (0.83 [0.41 to 1.69], p = 0.61, I2 = 22%). The sensitivity analysis, however, demonstrated significant results for all-cause mortality (0.57 [0.39 to 0.84], p = 0.005, I2 = 7%) by removing the study by Okuno et al5 and cardiovascular mortality (0.41 [0.21 to 0.82], p = 0.01, I2 = 66%) by removing the study by Lak et al.7 In conclusion, our meta-analysis corroborates the notion that isolated MAC is not an independent predictor of long-term mortality after TAVI and determines severe MAC to be a predictor of mortality at follow-up because of the higher incidence of mitral valve dysfunction associated with it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariba Moin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow Medical College, Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Mehmood Lak
- Section of Clinical Cardiology, Robert and Suzanne Tomsich Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Family Heart Vascular & Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Marium Zafar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow Medical College, Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Rabbia Tariq
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow Medical College, Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Fahad Hassan Shaikh
- Department of Cardiology, Dow Medical College, Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mussa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dow Medical College, Civil Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Agam Bansal
- Aortic Valve Center, Robert and Suzanne Tomsich Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Family Heart Vascular & Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Shashank Shekhar
- Aortic Valve Center, Robert and Suzanne Tomsich Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Family Heart Vascular & Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Serge Harb
- Aortic Valve Center, Robert and Suzanne Tomsich Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Family Heart Vascular & Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Shinya Unai
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Samir R Kapadia
- Aortic Valve Center, Robert and Suzanne Tomsich Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Family Heart Vascular & Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
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3
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Xu B, Kocyigit D, Wang TKM, Tan CD, Rodriguez ER, Pettersson GB, Unai S, Griffin BP. Mitral annular calcification and valvular dysfunction: multimodality imaging evaluation, grading, and management. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2021; 23:e111-e122. [PMID: 34591959 DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeab185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitral annular calcification (MAC) refers to calcium deposition in the fibrous skeleton of the mitral valve. It has many cardiovascular associations, including mitral valve dysfunction, elevated cardiovascular risk, arrhythmias, and endocarditis. Echocardiography conventionally is the first-line imaging modality for anatomic assessment, and evaluation of mitral valve function. Cardiac computed tomography (CT) has demonstrated importance as an imaging modality for the evaluation and planning of related procedures. It also holds promise in quantitative grading of MAC. Currently, there is no universally accepted definition or classification system of MAC severity. We review the multimodality imaging evaluation of MAC and associated valvular dysfunction and propose a novel classification system based on qualitative and quantitative measurements derived from echocardiography and cardiac CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xu
- Section of Cardiovascular Imaging, Robert and Suzanne Tomsich Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Family Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk J1-5, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Duygu Kocyigit
- Section of Cardiovascular Imaging, Robert and Suzanne Tomsich Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Family Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk J1-5, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Tom Kai Ming Wang
- Section of Cardiovascular Imaging, Robert and Suzanne Tomsich Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Family Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk J1-5, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Carmela D Tan
- Department of Cardiovascular Anatomical Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - E Rene Rodriguez
- Department of Cardiovascular Anatomical Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Gösta B Pettersson
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Robert and Suzanne Tomsich Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Family Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Shinya Unai
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Robert and Suzanne Tomsich Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Family Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Brian P Griffin
- Section of Cardiovascular Imaging, Robert and Suzanne Tomsich Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Sydell and Arnold Miller Family Heart, Vascular and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Desk J1-5, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Okai T, Mizutani K, Hara M, Yamaguchi T, Ogawa M, Ito A, Iwata S, Izumiya Y, Takahashi Y, Shibata T, Yoshiyama M. Presence of mitral stenosis is a risk factor of new development of acute decompensated heart failure early after transcatheter aortic valve implantation. Open Heart 2020; 7:openhrt-2020-001348. [PMID: 33020257 PMCID: PMC7537436 DOI: 10.1136/openhrt-2020-001348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) can occur early after transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), but the risk factors or mechanisms associated with it have not been fully determined. This hypothesis-generating study aimed to investigate the clinical indices associated with the development of ADHF within 72 hours after TAVI and to improve procedural approaches for TAVI. METHOD AND RESULTS In this single-centre hypothesis generating prospective observational study, we enrolled 156 consecutive patients with severe aortic stenosis who underwent TAVI between January 2016 and February 2018 at our institution. We set the primary endpoint as the new development of ADHF within 72 hours after TAVI, and clinical indices associated with it were evaluated using a multivariable logistic model. The median age of the patients was 83 (quartile range 80-86) years, 48 (30.8%) were men and the median Society of Thoracic Surgery-Predicted Risk of Mortality was 7.1 (range 5.2-10.4). Mitral stenosis (MS), defined as mean transmitral valve pressure gradient ≥5 mm Hg, was present in 15 (9.6%) patients. After TAVI, the invasive mean transaortic valve pressure gradient (mAVPG) decreased from 48 (36-66) to 7 (5-11) mm Hg, and 12 (7.7%) patients developed ADHF within 72 hours after TAVI. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that MS (adjusted OR, 14.227; 95% CI 2.654 to 86.698; p=0.002) and greater decreases in mAVPG (1.038; 1.003 to 1.080; p=0.044) were associated with ADHF. CONCLUSIONS MS and drastic improvement of mAVPG were associated with new development of ADHF within 72 hours after TAVI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Okai
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuki Mizutani
- Cardiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan
| | - Masahiko Hara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shimane University Faculty of Medicine Graduate School of Medicine, Izumo, Japan
| | | | - Mana Ogawa
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Asahiro Ito
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shinichi Iwata
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
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5
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Eberhard M, Schönenberger ALN, Hinzpeter R, Euler A, Sokolska J, Weber L, Kuzo N, Manka R, Kasel AM, Tanner FC, Alkadhi H. Mitral annular calcification in the elderly - Quantitative assessment. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2020; 15:161-166. [PMID: 32798185 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the reliability of subjective and objective quantification of mitral annular calcification (MAC) in elderly patients with severe aortic stenosis, to define quantitative sex- and age-related reference values of MAC, and to correlate quantitative MAC with mitral valve disease. METHODS In this retrospective, IRB-approved study, we included 559 patients (268 females, median age 81 years, inter-quartile range 77-85 years) with severe aortic stenosis undergoing CT. Four independent readers performed subjective MAC categorization as follows: no, mild, moderate, and severe MAC. Two independent readers performed quantitative evaluation of MAC using the Agatston score method (AgatstonMAC). Mitral valve disease was determined by echocardiography. RESULTS Subjective MAC categorization showed high inter-reader agreement for no (k = 0.88) and severe MAC (k = 0.75), whereas agreement for moderate (k = 0.59) and mild (k = 0.45) MAC was moderate. Intra-reader agreement for subjective MAC categorization was substantial (k = 0.69 and 0.62). Inter- and intra-reader agreement for AgatstonMAC were excellent (ICC = 0.998 and 0.999, respectively), with minor inconsistencies in MAC involving the left ventricular outflow tract/aortic valve. There were significantly more women than men with MAC (n = 227, 85% versus n = 209, 72%; p < 0.001), with a significantly higher AgatstonMAC (median 597, range 81-2055 versus median 244; range 0-1565; p < 0.001), particularly in patients ≥85 years of age. AgatstonMAC showed an area-under-the-curve of 0.84 to diagnose mitral stenosis, whereas there was no association of AgatstonMAC with mitral regurgitation (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our study in elderly patients with severe aortic stenosis shows that quantitative MAC scoring is more reliable than subjective MAC assessment. Women show higher AgatstonMAC scores than men, particularly in the elderly population. AgatstonMAC shows high accuracy to diagnose mitral stenosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Eberhard
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - A L N Schönenberger
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - R Hinzpeter
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A Euler
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J Sokolska
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Heart Diseases, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - L Weber
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - N Kuzo
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - R Manka
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - A M Kasel
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - F C Tanner
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart Center Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - H Alkadhi
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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6
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Okuno T, Asami M, Khan F, Praz F, Heg D, Lanz J, Kassar M, Khalique OK, Gräni C, Brugger N, Räber L, Stortecky S, Valgimigli M, Windecker S, Pilgrim T. Does isolated mitral annular calcification in the absence of mitral valve disease affect clinical outcomes after transcatheter aortic valve replacement? Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2019; 21:522-532. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jez208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Aims
Mitral annular calcification (MAC) has been associated with adverse outcomes in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) but has been investigated in isolation of co-existent mitral regurgitation or mitral stenosis, which may represent important confounders. This study sought to investigate the effect of MAC with and without concomitant mitral valve disease (MVD) on clinical outcomes in patients treated with TAVR.
Methods and results
Computed tomography (CT) and echocardiographic data in consecutive TAVR patients enrolled into a prospective registry were categorized according to presence or absence of severe MAC and significant MVD, respectively. A total of 967 patients with adequate CT and echocardiography data were included between 2007 and 2017. Severe MAC was found in 172 patients (17.8%) and associated with MVD in 87 patients (50.6%). Compared to TAVR patients without severe MAC or MVD, all-cause mortality at 1 year was significantly increased among patients with severe MAC in combination with MVD [adjusted hazard ratio (HRadj): 1.97, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.12–3.44, P = 0.018] and patients with isolated MVD (HRadj: 2.33, 95% CI: 1.56–3.47, P < 0.001), but not in patients with isolated severe MAC in the absence of MVD (HRadj: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.21–1.33, P = 0.173).
Conclusion
We found no effect of isolated MAC on clinical outcomes following TAVR in patients with preserved mitral valve function. Patients with MVD had an increased risk of death at 1 year irrespective of MAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taishi Okuno
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Masahiko Asami
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Faisal Khan
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fabien Praz
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Dik Heg
- Clinical Trials Unit, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jonas Lanz
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mohammad Kassar
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Omar K Khalique
- Division of Cardiology, Structural Heart and Valve Center, Columbia University Medical Center, 177 Fort Washington Avenue, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Christoph Gräni
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Brugger
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lorenz Räber
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Stortecky
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Marco Valgimigli
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Windecker
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Pilgrim
- Department of Cardiology, Inselspital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
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7
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Truong VT, Mazur W, Palmer C, Egnaczyk GF, Kereiakes DJ, Sarembock IJ, Choo JK, Shreenivas S, Nagueh SF, Chung ES. Impact of High Baseline Left Ventricular Filling Pressure on Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement Outcomes in Patients with Significant Mitral Annular Calcification. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2019; 32:1067-1074.e1. [PMID: 31278049 DOI: 10.1016/j.echo.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Left ventricular filling pressure (LVFP) has been demonstrated to be a major predictor of poor cardiovascular outcomes. However, estimation of LVFP in patients with aortic stenosis is limited by the high prevalence of significant mitral annular calcification. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of transcatheter aortic valve replacement on LVFP and the relationship of LVFP to mortality and hospitalization. METHODS This was a single-center, retrospective study of 140 consecutive patients in sinus rhythm with significant mitral annular calcification who underwent transcatheter aortic valve replacement for severe aortic stenosis from May 2011 to June 2015. Mean follow-up duration was 3.06 ± 1.48 years (minimum, 2.4 years; maximum, 6.5 years). Diastolic function was assessed using recently proposed criteria for those with significant mitral annular calcification. High LVFP was defined as a mitral E/A ratio > 1.8 or a ratio of 0.8 to 1.8 and isovolumic relaxation time < 80 msec. RESULTS At baseline, the proportion of patients with high LVFP was 40.7%, similar to 1 month (39.7%) (P = .86). However, the proportion of patients with high LVFP was significantly decreased at 1 year compared with those at baseline (26.9% vs 40.7%, P = .02). Multivariate analysis showed that high LVFP at baseline significantly increased risk for all-cause mortality compared with patients with normal LVFP (hazard ratio, 2.84; 95% confidence interval, 1.33-6.05; P = .007). CONCLUSIONS High baseline LVFP was associated with a significantly increased all-cause mortality, and LVFP does not improve in the short term but only at 1 year after transcatheter aortic valve replacement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vien T Truong
- The Heart and Vascular Center and The Lindner Research Center, The Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio; The Sue and Bill Butler Research Fellow, The Linder Research Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Wojciech Mazur
- The Heart and Vascular Center and The Lindner Research Center, The Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Cassady Palmer
- The Heart and Vascular Center and The Lindner Research Center, The Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Gregory F Egnaczyk
- The Heart and Vascular Center and The Lindner Research Center, The Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Dean J Kereiakes
- The Heart and Vascular Center and The Lindner Research Center, The Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Ian J Sarembock
- The Heart and Vascular Center and The Lindner Research Center, The Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Joseph K Choo
- The Heart and Vascular Center and The Lindner Research Center, The Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Satya Shreenivas
- The Heart and Vascular Center and The Lindner Research Center, The Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Sherif F Nagueh
- Methodist DeBakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas
| | - Eugene S Chung
- The Heart and Vascular Center and The Lindner Research Center, The Christ Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio.
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8
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Abramowitz Y, Kazuno Y, Chakravarty T, Kawamori H, Maeno Y, Anderson D, Allison Z, Mangat G, Cheng W, Gopal A, Jilaihawi H, Mack MJ, Makkar RR. Concomitant mitral annular calcification and severe aortic stenosis: prevalence, characteristics and outcome following transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Eur Heart J 2018; 38:1194-1203. [PMID: 28039339 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehw594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Calcified aortic stenosis (AS) and mitral annular calcification (MAC) have certain similar etiology and pathophysiological mechanisms. MAC is frequently encountered in pre-procedural computed tomography (CT) imaging of patients that undergo transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), but its prognostic implications for these patients have not been thoroughly investigated. This study sought to evaluate the prevalence of MAC among patients with severe AS and to assess the clinical implications of MAC on these patients during and following TAVR. Methods and results Consecutive patients that underwent TAVR were compared according to the existence of MAC and its severity in pre-TAVR CT scans. From the entire cohort of 761 patients, 49.3% had MAC, and 50.7% did not have MAC. Mild MAC was present in 231 patients (30.4%), moderate MAC in 72 patients (9.5%), and severe MAC in 72 patients (9.5%). Thirty-day mortality and major complications were similar between patients with and without MAC. In a multivariable survival analysis, severe MAC was found to be an independent strong predictor of overall mortality following TAVR (all-cause mortality: hazards ratio [HR] 1.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.24-3.07, P = 0.004; cardiovascular mortality: HR 2.35, 95% CI 1.19-4.66; P = 0.01). Severe MAC was also found to be an independent strong predictor of new permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI) after TAVR (OR 2.83, 95% CI 1.08-7.47; P = 0.03). Conclusion Half of the patients with severe AS evaluated for TAVR were found to have MAC. Severe MAC is associated with increased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality and with conduction abnormalities following TAVR and should be included in future risk stratification models for TAVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yigal Abramowitz
- The Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yoshio Kazuno
- The Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tarun Chakravarty
- The Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Kawamori
- The Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yoshio Maeno
- The Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Anderson
- The Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zev Allison
- The Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Geeteshwar Mangat
- The Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wen Cheng
- The Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ambarish Gopal
- Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging, the Heart Hospital Baylor Plano (Baylor Scott and White Healthcare System), Plano, TX, USA
| | - Hasan Jilaihawi
- The Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Michael J Mack
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, the Heart Hospital Baylor Plano (Baylor Scott and White Healthcare System), Plano, TX, USA
| | - Raj R Makkar
- The Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Sheng SP, Howell LA, Caughey MC, Yeung M, Vavalle JP. Relation of an Echocardiographic-Based Cardiac Calcium Score to Mitral Stenosis Severity and Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with Severe Aortic Stenosis. Am J Cardiol 2018; 121:249-255. [PMID: 29198984 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Patients with calcific aortic stenosis (AS) often have diffuse cardiac calcification involving the mitral valve apparatus and coronary arteries. We examined the association between global cardiac calcification quantified by a previously validated echocardiographic calcium score (eCS) with the severity of mitral stenosis (MS) and coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with a clinical diagnosis of severe calcific AS. In this sample of 147 patients (mean age 81 ± 9 years, 50% male), 81 patients (55%) were determined by echocardiography to have some degree of MS. Higher mean eCS was observed in patients with more severe MS (r = 0.54, p < 0.0001). Higher eCS was also inversely associated with mitral valve area (r = -0.31, p = 0.001) and positively associated with mitral valve mean pressure gradient (r = 0.46, p < 0.0001) and mitral valve peak flow velocity (r = 0.55, p < 0.0001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for using eCS to predict the presence of MS was 0.76. An eCS ≥ 8 predicted MS with a sensitivity of 68%, specificity of 76%, positive predictive value of 77%, and negative predictive value of 66%. High eCS, relative to low eCS, was associated with 2.70 times the adjusted odds of CAD (odds ratio = 2.70, 95% confidence interval 1.02 to 7.17). In conclusion, global cardiac calcification is associated with MS and CAD in patients with severe calcific AS, and eCS shows ability to predict the presence of MS. This study suggests that a simple eCS may be used as part of a risk-stratification tool in patients with severe calcific aortic valve stenosis.
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Ancona MB, Giannini F, Mangieri A, Regazzoli D, Jabbour RJ, Tanaka A, Testa L, Romano V, Longoni M, Giglio M, Besana F, Cacucci M, Agricola E, Chieffo A, Alfieri O, Montorfano M, Colombo A, Latib A. Impact of Mitral Annular Calcium on Outcomes after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation. Am J Cardiol 2017; 120:2233-2240. [PMID: 29106835 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2017.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A high prevalence of mitral annular calcium (MAC) is expected in patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI); however, data regarding the prevalence of MAC and impact on risk of cardiovascular events are lacking. To determine the prevalence of MAC and its association with clinical outcomes in patients undergoing TAVI, we retrospectively analyzed 424 patients who underwent transfemoral TAVI from 2007 to 2015 and whose preoperative computed tomography images were available for assessment of MAC. Severe circumferential MAC (SC-MAC) was defined as calcification involving at least the whole posterior annulus alone or with the attachment of the anterior leaflet. Clinical outcomes were examined according to Valve Academic Research Consortium-2 criteria up to 2 years. SC-MAC was found in 17.7% of patients. Patients with SC-MAC were more likely to be female, with a higher prevalence of atrial fibrillation and peripheral artery disease. There were no differences between the groups regarding age, functional class, prevalence of diabetes, kidney disease, and operative risk. Female gender and peripheral artery disease were independent predictors of SC-MAC. SC-MAC did not appear to be associated with periprocedural and 30-day outcomes. At 2 years' follow-up, patients with SC-MAC had significantly higher cardiovascular and all-cause mortality rates. SC-MAC was an independent predictor of cardiovascular mortality during follow-up. In conclusion, SC-MAC is a frequent finding in the TAVI population and appears to be an independent predictor of cardiovascular mortality at 2 years' follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco B Ancona
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Giannini
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Mangieri
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Damiano Regazzoli
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Richard J Jabbour
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Akihito Tanaka
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Testa
- Cardiology Department, IRCCS Pol San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Vittorio Romano
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Longoni
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuela Giglio
- Centre for Cardiovascular Prevention, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Besana
- Centre for Cardiovascular Prevention, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Eustachio Agricola
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Alaide Chieffo
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Ottavio Alfieri
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Matteo Montorfano
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Colombo
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Azeem Latib
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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Geometrical characteristics of aortic root and left ventricular dysfunction in aortic stenosis: quantification of 256-slice coronary CT angiography. Heart Vessels 2016; 32:558-565. [DOI: 10.1007/s00380-016-0902-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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12
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Bogunovic N, Horstkotte D, Faber L, Bogunovic L, van Buuren F. Echocardiographically derived effective valve opening area in mitral prostheses: a comparative analysis of various calculations using continuity equation and pressure half time method. Heart Vessels 2015; 31:932-8. [PMID: 26049365 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-015-0690-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Detection of dysfunctional mitral valve prostheses (MP) remains complex even though being optimized by considering echocardiographically derived prosthetic effective orifice area (VA). The purpose was to compare VA in MP, calculated by the continuity equation (CE) using peak velocities (CEVpeak), mean velocities (CEVmean), velocity-time integrals (CEVTI) and the pressure half time method using 220 ms as constant first (PHT220) as well as optimized constants. In 267 consecutive patients with normally functioning MP, we investigated VA within the first postoperative month. With increasing prosthetic sizes, mean VA values also increase in all calculations. The statistical curves demonstrate no significant difference in graphical steepness but show different levels. Comparison of mean VA showed the known systematic higher values of PHT220 and significantly decreased results when using CEVTI. This systematic difference between mean VA applying PHT220 versus CEVTI is approximately 1.0 cm(2) for all prosthetic sizes. Calculations via CEVpeak were close to the results of CEVTI. CEVmean produced values, which graphically correspond to the PHT220 curve. Only PHT220 detected the constructional equal prosthetic inner ring width between 29 and 31 mm. To compensate the systematic difference between CEVTI and PHT220, an optimized constant of 140 ms was calculated to be applied in PHT (PHT140). VA is a robust and, therefore, preferable parameter for investigating MP. If needed, both CE and PHT are applicable with a systematical difference between CEVTI and PHT220. An optimized constant of 140 ms (PHT140) should be applied when calculating VA of mitral valve prostheses via PHT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikola Bogunovic
- Department of Cardiology, Heart and Diabetes Centre North Rhine-Westphalia, Ruhr University Bochum, Georgstr. 11, 32545, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany.
| | - Dieter Horstkotte
- Department of Cardiology, Heart and Diabetes Centre North Rhine-Westphalia, Ruhr University Bochum, Georgstr. 11, 32545, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Lothar Faber
- Department of Cardiology, Heart and Diabetes Centre North Rhine-Westphalia, Ruhr University Bochum, Georgstr. 11, 32545, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
| | - Lukas Bogunovic
- Department of Physics, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Frank van Buuren
- Department of Cardiology, Heart and Diabetes Centre North Rhine-Westphalia, Ruhr University Bochum, Georgstr. 11, 32545, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
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