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Park J, Shim JK, Lee M, Kim D, Yoon SJ, Moon JH, Kim EH, Park JY, Chang JH, Kang SG. Classification of IDH wild-type glioblastoma tumorspheres into low- and high-invasion groups based on their transcriptional program. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:1061-1070. [PMID: 37558923 PMCID: PMC10539507 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02391-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma (GBM), one of the most lethal tumors, exhibits a highly infiltrative phenotype. Here, we identified transcription factors (TFs) that collectively modulate invasion-related genes in GBM. METHODS The invasiveness of tumorspheres (TSs) were quantified using collagen-based 3D invasion assays. TF activities were quantified by enrichment analysis using GBM transcriptome, and confirmed by cell-magnified analysis of proteome imaging. Invasion-associated TFs were knocked down using siRNA or shRNA, and TSs were orthotopically implanted into mice. RESULTS After classifying 23 patient-derived GBM TSs into low- and high-invasion groups, we identified active TFs in each group-PCBP1 for low invasion, and STAT3 and SRF for high invasion. Knockdown of these TFs reversed the phenotype and invasion-associated-marker expression of GBM TSs. Notably, MRI revealed consistent patterns of invasiveness between TSs and the originating tumors, with an association between high invasiveness and poor prognosis. Compared to controls, mice implanted with STAT3- or SRF-downregulated GBM TSs showed reduced normal tissue infiltration and tumor growth, and prolonged survival, indicating a therapeutic response. CONCLUSIONS Our integrative transcriptome analysis revealed three invasion-associated TFs in GBM. Based on the relationship among the transcriptional program, invasive phenotype, and prognosis, we suggest these TFs as potential targets for GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junseong Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Precision Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyoung Shim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Brain Tumor Translational Research Laboratory, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Mirae Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06230, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dokyeong Kim
- Precision Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedicine & Health Sciences, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Jin Yoon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hyung Moon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Brain Tumor Translational Research Laboratory, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Yoon Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06230, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hee Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Gu Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Brain Tumor Translational Research Laboratory, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Medical Science, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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2
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Han YP, Lin HW, Li H. Cancer Stem Cells in Tumours of the Central Nervous System in Children: A Comprehensive Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3154. [PMID: 37370764 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subgroup of cells found in various kinds of tumours with stem cell characteristics, such as self-renewal, induced differentiation, and tumourigenicity. The existence of CSCs is regarded as a major source of tumour recurrence, metastasis, and resistance to conventional chemotherapy and radiation treatment. Tumours of the central nervous system (CNS) are the most common solid tumours in children, which have many different types including highly malignant embryonal tumours and midline gliomas, and low-grade gliomas with favourable prognoses. Stem cells from the CNS tumours have been largely found and reported by researchers in the last decade and their roles in tumour biology have been deeply studied. However, the cross-talk of CSCs among different CNS tumour types and their clinical impacts have been rarely discussed. This article comprehensively reviews the achievements in research on CSCs in paediatric CNS tumours. Biological functions, diagnostic values, and therapeutic perspectives are reviewed in detail. Further investigations into CSCs are warranted to improve the clinical practice in treating children with CNS tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Peng Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai 201102, China
| | - Hou-Wei Lin
- Department of Paediatric Urology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200092, China
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Jiaxing Women and Children Hospital Affiliated to Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, Shanghai 201102, China
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3
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Park J, Lee D, Shim JK, Yoon SJ, Moon JH, Kim EH, Chang JH, Lee SJ, Kang SG. Mesenchymal Stem-Like Cells Derived from the Ventricle More Effectively Enhance Invasiveness of Glioblastoma Than Those Derived from the Tumor. Yonsei Med J 2023; 64:157-166. [PMID: 36825341 PMCID: PMC9971438 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2022.0430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most lethal human tumors with a highly infiltrative phenotype. Our previous studies showed that GBM originates in the subventricular zone, and that tumor-derived mesenchymal stem-like cells (tMSLCs) promote the invasiveness of GBM tumorspheres (TSs). Here, we extend these studies in terms of ventricles using several types of GBM patient-derived cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The invasiveness of GBM TSs and ventricle spheres (VSs) were quantified via collagen-based 3D invasion assays. Gene expression profiles were obtained from microarray data. A mouse orthotopic xenograft model was used for in vivo experiments. RESULTS After molecular and functional characterization of ventricle-derived mesenchymal stem-like cells (vMSLCs), we investigated the effects of these cells on the invasiveness of GBM TSs. We found that vMSLC-conditioned media (CM) significantly accelerated the invasiveness of GBM TSs and VSs, compared to the control and even tMSLC-CM. Transcriptome analyses revealed that vMSLC secreted significantly higher levels of several invasiveness-associated cytokines. Moreover, differentially expressed genes between vMSLCs and tMSLCs were enriched for migration, adhesion, and chemotaxis-related gene sets, providing a mechanistic basis for vMSLC-induced invasion of GBM TSs. In vivo experiments using a mouse orthotopic xenograft model confirmed vMSLC-induced increases in the invasiveness of GBM TSs. CONCLUSION Although vMSLCs are non-tumorigenic, this study adds to our understanding of how GBM cells acquire infiltrative features by vMSLCs, which are present in the region where GBM genesis originates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junseong Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Precision Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dongkyu Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Tumor Translational Research Laboratory, Avison Biomedical Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Kyoung Shim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Tumor Translational Research Laboratory, Avison Biomedical Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seon-Jin Yoon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju Hyung Moon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eui Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Tumor Translational Research Laboratory, Avison Biomedical Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Hee Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su-Jae Lee
- Fibrosis and Cancer Targeting Biotechnology, FNCT Biotech, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok-Gu Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Tumor Translational Research Laboratory, Avison Biomedical Research Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea.
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4
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Kim SJ, Park SJ, Park J, Cho HJ, Shim JK, Seon J, Choi RJ, Yoon SJ, Moon JH, Kim EH, Seo EK, Kim SH, Kim HS, Teo WY, Chang JH, Yook JI, Kang SG. Dual inhibition of CPT1A and G6PD suppresses glioblastoma tumorspheres. J Neurooncol 2022; 160:677-689. [PMID: 36396930 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-022-04189-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Limited treatment options are currently available for glioblastoma (GBM), an extremely lethal type of brain cancer. For a variety of tumor types, bioenergetic deprivation through inhibition of cancer-specific metabolic pathways has proven to be an effective therapeutic strategy. Here, we evaluated the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms of dual inhibition of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) critical for fatty acid oxidation (FAO) and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), respectively, against GBM tumorspheres (TSs). METHODS Therapeutic efficacy against GBM TSs was determined by assessing cell viability, neurosphere formation, and 3D invasion. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and RNA sequencing were employed for metabolite and gene expression profiling, respectively. Anticancer efficacy in vivo was examined using an orthotopic xenograft model. RESULTS CPT1A and G6PD were highly expressed in GBM tumor tissues. Notably, siRNA-mediated knockdown of both genes led to reduced viability, ATP levels, and expression of genes associated with stemness and invasiveness. Similar results were obtained upon combined treatment with etomoxir and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). Transcriptome analyses further confirmed these results. Data from LC-MS analysis showed that this treatment regimen induced a considerable reduction in the levels of metabolites associated with the TCA cycle and PPP. Additionally, the combination of etomoxir and DHEA inhibited tumor growth and extended survival in orthotopic xenograft model mice. CONCLUSION Our collective findings support the utility of dual suppression of CPT1A and G6PD with selective inhibitors, etomoxir and DHEA, as an efficacious therapeutic approach for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Jin Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Brain Tumor Translational Research Laboratory, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo Jeong Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junseong Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Precision Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Joung Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Brain Tumor Translational Research Laboratory, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyoung Shim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Brain Tumor Translational Research Laboratory, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jieun Seon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Brain Tumor Translational Research Laboratory, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ran Joo Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Brain Tumor Translational Research Laboratory, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Jin Yoon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Brain Tumor Translational Research Laboratory, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hyung Moon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Kyo Seo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ho Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital, Ewha Womans University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sil Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Yee Teo
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jong Hee Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong In Yook
- Department of Oral Pathology, Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Gu Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Brain Tumor Translational Research Laboratory, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Medical Science, Yonsei University Graduate School, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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Cha J, Sim W, Yong I, Park J, Shim JK, Chang JH, Kang SG, Kim P. Assessing Spatial Distribution of Multicellular Self-Assembly Enables the Prediction of Phenotypic Heterogeneity in Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14235910. [PMID: 36497392 PMCID: PMC9737258 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14235910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic heterogeneity of glioblastomas is a leading determinant of therapeutic resistance and treatment failure. However, functional assessment of the heterogeneity of glioblastomas is lacking. We developed a self-assembly-based assessment system that predicts inter/intracellular heterogeneity and phenotype associations, such as cell proliferation, invasiveness, drug responses, and gene expression profiles. Under physical constraints for cellular interactions, mixed populations of glioblastoma cells are sorted to form a segregated architecture, depending on their preference for binding to cells of the same phenotype. Cells distributed at the periphery exhibit a reduced temozolomide (TMZ) response and are associated with poor patient survival, whereas cells in the core of the aggregates exhibit a significant response to TMZ. Our results suggest that the multicellular self-assembly pattern is indicative of the intertumoral and intra-patient heterogeneity of glioblastomas, and is predictive of the therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghwa Cha
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Woogwang Sim
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Insung Yong
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Junseong Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Precision Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyoung Shim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hee Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Gu Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Science, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-G.K.); (P.K.)
| | - Pilnam Kim
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: (S.-G.K.); (P.K.)
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6
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Shim JK, Choi S, Yoon SJ, Choi RJ, Park J, Lee EH, Cho HJ, Lee S, Teo WY, Moon JH, Kim HS, Kim EH, Cheong JH, Chang JH, Yook JI, Kang SG. Etomoxir, a carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 inhibitor, combined with temozolomide reduces stemness and invasiveness in patient-derived glioblastoma tumorspheres. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:309. [PMID: 36221088 PMCID: PMC9552483 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02731-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The importance of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in the bioenergetics of glioblastoma (GBM) is being realized. Etomoxir (ETO), a carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) inhibitor exerts cytotoxic effects in GBM, which involve interrupting the FAO pathway. We hypothesized that FAO inhibition could affect the outcomes of current standard temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy against GBM. Methods The FAO-related gene expression was compared between GBM and the tumor-free cortex. Using four different GBM tumorspheres (TSs), the effects of ETO and/or TMZ was analyzed on cell viability, tricarboxylate (TCA) cycle intermediates and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production to assess metabolic changes. Alterations in tumor stemness, invasiveness, and associated transcriptional changes were also measured. Mouse orthotopic xenograft model was used to elucidate the combinatory effect of TMZ and ETO. Results GBM tissues exhibited overexpression of FAO-related genes, especially CPT1A, compared to the tumor-free cortex. The combined use of ETO and TMZ further inhibited TCA cycle and ATP production than single uses. This combination treatment showed superior suppression effects compared to treatment with individual agents on the viability, stemness, and invasiveness of GBM TSs, as well as better downregulation of FAO-related gene expression. The results of in vivo study showed prolonged survival outcomes in the combination treatment group. Conclusion ETO, an FAO inhibitor, causes a lethal energy reduction in the GBM TSs. When used in combination with TMZ, ETO effectively reduces GBM cell stemness and invasiveness and further improves survival. These results suggest a potential novel treatment option for GBM. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12935-022-02731-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Kyoung Shim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.,Brain Tumor Translational Research Laboratory, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonah Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Jin Yoon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.,Brain Tumor Translational Research Laboratory, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ran Joo Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.,Brain Tumor Translational Research Laboratory, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Junseong Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.,Brain Tumor Translational Research Laboratory, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.,Precision Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Hee Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.,Brain Tumor Translational Research Laboratory, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Joung Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.,Brain Tumor Translational Research Laboratory, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Suji Lee
- Department of Medical Science, BK21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Yee Teo
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore.,Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Ju Hyung Moon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sil Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.,Brain Tumor Translational Research Laboratory, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Cheong
- Department of Surgery, BK21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hee Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong In Yook
- Department of Oral Pathology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Gu Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea. .,Brain Tumor Translational Research Laboratory, Severance Biomedical Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea. .,Departments of Medical Science, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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7
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C5α secreted by tumor mesenchymal stem-like cells mediates resistance to 5-aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy against glioblastoma tumorspheres. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2022:10.1007/s00432-022-04347-w. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-022-04347-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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8
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A lignan from Alnus japonica inhibits glioblastoma tumorspheres by suppression of FOXM1. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13990. [PMID: 35978012 PMCID: PMC9385634 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18185-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Forkhead Box M1 (FOXM1) is known to regulate cell proliferation, apoptosis and tumorigenesis. The lignan, (-)-(2R,3R)-1,4-O-diferuloylsecoisolariciresinol (DFS), from Alnus japonica has shown anti-cancer effects against colon cancer cells by suppressing FOXM1. The present study hypothesized that DFS can have anti-cancer effects against glioblastoma (GBM) tumorspheres (TSs). Immunoprecipitation and luciferase reporter assays were performed to evaluate the ability of DFS to suppress nuclear translocation of β-catenin through β-catenin/FOXM1 binding. DFS-pretreated GBM TSs were evaluated to assess the ability of DFS to inhibit GBM TSs and their transcriptional profiles. The in vivo efficacy was examined in orthotopic xenograft models of GBM. Expression of FOXM1 was higher in GBM than in normal tissues. DFS-induced FOXM1 protein degradation blocked β-catenin translocation into the nucleus and consequently suppressed downstream target genes of FOXM1 pathways. DFS inhibited cell viability and ATP levels, while increasing apoptosis, and it reduced tumorsphere formation and the invasiveness of GBM TSs. And DFS reduced the activities of transcription factors related to tumorigenesis, stemness, and invasiveness. DFS significantly inhibited tumor growth and prolonged the survival rate of mice in orthotopic xenograft models of GBM. It suggests that DFS inhibits the proliferation of GBM TSs by suppressing FOXM1. DFS may be a potential therapeutic agent to treat GBM.
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Cannabis Biomolecule Effects on Cancer Cells and Cancer Stem Cells: Cytotoxic, Anti-Proliferative, and Anti-Migratory Activities. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12040491. [PMID: 35454080 PMCID: PMC9028333 DOI: 10.3390/biom12040491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a complex family of diseases affecting millions of people worldwide. Gliomas are primary brain tumors that account for ~80% of all malignant brain tumors. Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common, invasive, and lethal subtype of glioma. Therapy resistance and intra-GBM tumoral heterogeneity are promoted by subpopulations of glioma stem cells (GSCs). Cannabis sativa produces hundreds of secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids, terpenes, and phytocannabinoids. Around 160 phytocannabinoids have been identified in C. sativa. Cannabis is commonly used to treat various medical conditions, and it is used in the palliative care of cancer patients. The anti-cancer properties of cannabis compounds include cytotoxic, anti-proliferative, and anti-migratory activities on cancer cells and cancer stem cells. The endocannabinoids system is widely distributed in the body, and its dysregulation is associated with different diseases, including various types of cancer. Anti-cancer activities of phytocannabinoids are mediated in glioma cells, at least partially, by the endocannabinoid receptors, triggering various cellular signaling pathways, including the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway. Specific combinations of multiple phytocannabinoids act synergistically against cancer cells and may trigger different anti-cancer signaling pathways. Yet, due to scarcity of clinical trials, there remains no solid basis for the anti-cancer therapeutic potential of cannabis compounds.
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10
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Lee M, Woo J, Kim DH, Yang YM, Lee EY, Kim JH, Kang SG, Shim JK, Park JY. A novel paper MAP method for rapid high resolution histological analysis. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23340. [PMID: 34857810 PMCID: PMC8639998 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-02632-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional visualization of cellular and subcellular-structures in histological-tissues is essential for understanding the complexities of biological-phenomena, especially with regards structural and spatial relationships and pathologlical-diagnosis. Recent advancements in tissue-clearing technology, such as Magnified Analysis of Proteome (MAP), have significantly improved our ability to study biological-structures in three-dimensional space; however, their wide applicability to a variety of tissues is limited by long incubation-times and a need for advanced imaging-systems that are not readily available in most-laboratories. Here, we present optimized MAP-based method for paper-thin samples, Paper-MAP, which allow for rapid clearing and subsequent imaging of three-dimensional sections derived from various tissues using conventional confocal-microscopy. Paper-MAP successfully clear tissues within 1-day, compared to the original-MAP, without significant differences in achieved optical-transparency. As a proof-of-concept, we investigated the vasculature and neuronal-networks of a variety of human and rodent tissues processed via Paper-MAP, in both healthy and diseased contexts, including Alzheimer’s disease and glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirae Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.,The Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Woo
- The Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Institute, Biohedron Therapeutics Co., Ltd, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Doh-Hee Kim
- Research Institute, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, 02053, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Mi Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.,The Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea.,Biomedical Research Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunice Yoojin Lee
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Jung-Hee Kim
- Research Institute, Seoul Medical Center, Seoul, 02053, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Gu Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.,Department of Medical Sciences, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyung Shim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Yoon Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea 21 Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea. .,The Spine and Spinal Cord Institute, Department of Neurosurgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea. .,Biomedical Research Center, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Roh TH, Lee JH, Kim SJ, Shim JK, Park J, Yoon SJ, Teo WY, Kim SH, Chang JH, Kang SG. A novel biguanide (IM1761065) inhibits bioenergetics of glioblastoma tumorspheres. J Neurooncol 2021; 156:139-151. [PMID: 34811601 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-021-03903-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma (GBM) is a rapidly growing tumor in the central nervous system with altered metabolism. Depleting the bioenergetics of tumors with biguanides have been suggested as an effective therapeutic approach for treating GBMs. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of IM1761065, a novel biguanide with improved pharmacokinetics, on GBM-tumorspheres (TSs). METHODS The biological activities of IM1761065 on GBM-TSs, including their effects on viability, ATP levels, cell cycle, stemness, invasive properties, and transcriptomes were examined. The in vivo efficacy of IM1761065 was tested in a mouse orthotopic xenograft model. RESULTS IM1761065 decreased the viability and ATP levels of GBM-TSs in a dose-dependent manner, and reduced basal and spare respiratory capacity in patient-derived GBM-TS, as measured by the oxygen consumption rate. Sphere formation, expression of stemness-related proteins, and invasive capacity of GBM-TSs were also significantly suppressed by IM1761065. A gene-ontology comparison of IM1761065-treated groups showed that the expression levels of stemness-related, epithelial mesenchymal transition-related, and mitochondrial complex I genes were also significantly downregulated by IM1761065. An orthotopic xenograft mouse model showed decreased bioluminescence in IM1761065-treated cell-injected mice at 5 weeks. IM1761065-treated group showed longer survival than the control group (P = 0.0289, log-rank test). CONCLUSION IM1761065 is a potent inhibitor of oxidative phosphorylation. The inhibitory effect of IM1761065 on the bioenergetics of GBM-TS suggests that this novel compound could be used as a new drug for the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hoon Roh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Ajou University Hospital, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Jin Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyoung Shim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Junseong Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Precision Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Jin Yoon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan-Yee Teo
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Se Hoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hee Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Gu Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Medical Science, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Lim EJ, Kim S, Oh Y, Suh Y, Kaushik N, Lee JH, Lee HJ, Kim MJ, Park MJ, Kim RK, Cha J, Kim SH, Shim JK, Choi J, Chang JH, Hong YK, Huh YM, Kim P, Kang SG, Lee SJ. Crosstalk between GBM cells and mesenchymal stemlike cells promotes the invasiveness of GBM through the C5a/p38/ZEB1 axis. Neuro Oncol 2021; 22:1452-1462. [PMID: 32179921 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stemlike cells (MSLCs) have been detected in many types of cancer including brain tumors and have received attention as stromal cells in the tumor microenvironment. However, the cellular mechanisms underlying their participation in cancer progression remain largely unexplored. The aim of this study was to determine whether MSLCs have a tumorigenic role in brain tumors. METHODS To figure out molecular and cellular mechanisms in glioma invasion, we have cultured glioma with MSLCs in a co-culture system. RESULTS Here, we show that MSLCs in human glioblastoma (GBM) secrete complement component C5a, which is known for its role as a complement factor. MSLC-secreted C5a increases expression of zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) via activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in GBM cells, thereby enhancing the invasion of GBM cells into parenchymal brain tissue. CONCLUSION Our results reveal a mechanism by which MSLCs undergo crosstalk with GBM cells through the C5a/p38 MAPK/ZEB1 signaling loop and act as a booster in GBM progression. KEY POINTS 1. MSLCs activate p38 MAPK-ZEB1 signaling in GBM cells through C5a in a paracrine manner, thereby boosting the invasiveness of GBM cells in the tumor microenvironment.2. Neutralizing of C5a could be a potential therapeutic target for GBM by inhibition of mesenchymal phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jung Lim
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.,Memorial Sloan Kettering, Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Seungmo Kim
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoonjee Oh
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yongjoon Suh
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Neha Kaushik
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae-June Lee
- Division of Radiation Effect, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min-Jung Kim
- Laboratory of Radiation Exposure & Therapeutics, National Radiation Emergency Medical Center, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung-Jin Park
- Division of Radiation Cancer Biology, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Rae-Kwon Kim
- Department of Radiation Biology, Environmental Radiation Research Group, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Junghwa Cha
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Se Hoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Kyoung Shim
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Junjeong Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea.,KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Jong Hee Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Kil Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul St Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Min Huh
- Department of Radiology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Pilnam Kim
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.,KAIST Institute for Health Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seok-Gu Kang
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Su-Jae Lee
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
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13
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Park HH, Park J, Cho HJ, Shim JK, Moon JH, Kim EH, Chang JH, Kim SY, Kang SG. Combinatorial Therapeutic Effect of Inhibitors of Aldehyde Dehydrogenase and Mitochondrial Complex I, and the Chemotherapeutic Drug, Temozolomide against Glioblastoma Tumorspheres. Molecules 2021; 26:E282. [PMID: 33429981 PMCID: PMC7827959 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26020282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Resident cancer cells with stem cell-like features induce drug tolerance, facilitating survival of glioblastoma (GBM). We previously showed that strategies targeting tumor bioenergetics present a novel emerging avenue for treatment of GBM. The objective of this study was to enhance the therapeutic effects of dual inhibition of tumor bioenergetics by combination of gossypol, an aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor, and phenformin, a biguanide compound that depletes oxidative phosphorylation, with the chemotherapeutic drug, temozolomide (TMZ), to block proliferation, stemness, and invasiveness of GBM tumorspheres (TSs). Combination therapy with gossypol, phenformin, and TMZ induced a significant reduction in ATP levels, cell viability, stemness, and invasiveness compared to TMZ monotherapy and dual therapy with gossypol and phenformin. Analysis of differentially expressed genes revealed up-regulation of genes involved in programmed cell death, autophagy, and protein metabolism and down-regulation of those associated with cell metabolism, cycle, and adhesion. Combination of TMZ with dual inhibitors of tumor bioenergetics may, therefore, present an effective strategy against GBM by enhancing therapeutic effects through multiple mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hun Ho Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea;
| | - Junseong Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (J.P.); (H.J.C.); (J.-K.S.); (J.H.M.); (E.H.K.); (J.H.C.)
- Precision Medicine Research Center, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea
| | - Hye Joung Cho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (J.P.); (H.J.C.); (J.-K.S.); (J.H.M.); (E.H.K.); (J.H.C.)
| | - Jin-Kyoung Shim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (J.P.); (H.J.C.); (J.-K.S.); (J.H.M.); (E.H.K.); (J.H.C.)
| | - Ju Hyung Moon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (J.P.); (H.J.C.); (J.-K.S.); (J.H.M.); (E.H.K.); (J.H.C.)
| | - Eui Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (J.P.); (H.J.C.); (J.-K.S.); (J.H.M.); (E.H.K.); (J.H.C.)
| | - Jong Hee Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (J.P.); (H.J.C.); (J.-K.S.); (J.H.M.); (E.H.K.); (J.H.C.)
| | - Soo Youl Kim
- Division of Cancer Biology, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang 10408, Korea;
| | - Seok-Gu Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea; (J.P.); (H.J.C.); (J.-K.S.); (J.H.M.); (E.H.K.); (J.H.C.)
- Department of Medical Science, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul 03722, Korea
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14
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Yoon SJ, Son HY, Shim JK, Moon JH, Kim EH, Chang JH, Teo WY, Kim SH, Park SW, Huh YM, Kang SG. Co-expression of cancer driver genes: IDH-wildtype glioblastoma-derived tumorspheres. J Transl Med 2020; 18:482. [PMID: 33317554 PMCID: PMC7734785 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02647-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Driver genes of GBM may be crucial for the onset of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wildtype (WT) glioblastoma (GBM). However, it is still unknown whether the genes are expressed in the identical cluster of cells. Here, we have examined the gene expression patterns of GBM tissues and patient-derived tumorspheres (TSs) and aimed to find a progression-related gene. METHODS We retrospectively collected primary IDH-WT GBM tissue samples (n = 58) and tumor-free cortical tissue samples (control, n = 20). TSs are isolated from the IDH-WT GBM tissue with B27 neurobasal medium. Associations among the driver genes were explored in the bulk tissue, bulk cell, and a single cell RNAsequencing techniques (scRNAseq) considering the alteration status of TP53, PTEN, EGFR, and TERT promoter as well as MGMT promoter methylation. Transcriptomic perturbation by temozolomide (TMZ) was examined in the two TSs. RESULTS We comprehensively compared the gene expression of the known driver genes as well as MGMT, PTPRZ1, or IDH1. Bulk RNAseq databases of the primary GBM tissue revealed a significant association between TERT and TP53 (p < 0.001, R = 0.28) and its association increased in the recurrent tumor (p < 0.001, R = 0.86). TSs reflected the tissue-level patterns of association between the two genes (p < 0.01, R = 0.59, n = 20). A scRNAseq data of a TS revealed the TERT and TP53 expressing cells are in a same single cell cluster. The driver-enriched cluster dominantly expressed the glioma-associated long noncoding RNAs. Most of the driver-associated genes were downregulated after TMZ except IGFBP5. CONCLUSIONS GBM tissue level expression patterns of EGFR, TERT, PTEN, IDH1, PTPRZ1, and MGMT are observed in the GBM TSs. The driver gene-associated cluster of the GBM single cells were enriched with the glioma-associated long noncoding RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Jin Yoon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Young Son
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Kyoung Shim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hyung Moon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hee Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Yee Teo
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- National Cancer Center, Singapore, Singapore
- KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Se Hoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Severance Hospital, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sahng Wook Park
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Min Huh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
- Department of Radiology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- YUHS-KRIBB Medical Convergence Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seok-Gu Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Medical Science, Yonsei University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea.
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15
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Oh HC, Shim JK, Park J, Lee JH, Choi RJ, Kim NH, Kim HS, Moon JH, Kim EH, Chang JH, Yook JI, Kang SG. Combined effects of niclosamide and temozolomide against human glioblastoma tumorspheres. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2020; 146:2817-2828. [PMID: 32712753 PMCID: PMC7519913 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-020-03330-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive type of brain tumor and has poor survival outcomes, even after a combination of surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. Temozolomide is the only agent that has been shown to be effective against GBM, suggesting that combination of temozolomide with other agents may be more effective. Niclosamide, an FDA approved anthelmintic agent, has shown anti-cancer effects against human colon, breast, prostate cancers as well as GBM. However, the efficacy of the combination of niclosamide with temozolomide against GBM tumorspheres (TSs) has not been determined. We hypothesized that the combined treatment could effectively suppress GBM TSs. METHODS GBM TSs (TS15-88, GSC11) were treated with niclosamide and/or temozolomide. Combined effects of two drugs were evaluated by measuring viability, neurosphere formation, and 3D-invasion in collagen matrix. Transcriptional profiles of GBM TS were analyzed using RNA sequencing. In vivo anticancer efficacy of combined drugs was tested in a mouse orthotopic xenograft model. RESULTS Combination treatment of niclosamide and temozolomide significantly inhibited the cell viability, stemness, and invasive properties of GBM TSs. This combined treatment significantly down-regulated the expression of epithelial mesenchymal transition-related markers, Zeb1, N-cadherin, and β-catenin. The combined treatment also significantly decreased tumor growth in orthotopic xenograft models. CONCLUSION The combination of niclosamide and temozolomide effectively decreased the stemness and invasive properties of GBM TSs, suggesting that this regimen may be therapeutically effective in treating patients with GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeong-Cheol Oh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyoung Shim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Junseong Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ran Joo Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Hee Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Sil Kim
- Department of Oral Pathology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hyung Moon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hee Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong In Yook
- Department of Oral Pathology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Seok-Gu Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Medical Science, Yonsei University Graduate School, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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16
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A Mechanism for microRNA Arm Switching Regulated by Uridylation. Mol Cell 2020; 78:1224-1236.e5. [PMID: 32442398 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Strand selection is a critical step in microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis. Although the dominant strand may change depending on cellular contexts, the molecular mechanism and physiological significance of such alternative strand selection (or "arm switching") remain elusive. Here we find miR-324 to be one of the strongly regulated miRNAs by arm switching and identify the terminal uridylyl transferases TUT4 and TUT7 to be the key regulators. Uridylation of pre-miR-324 by TUT4/7 re-positions DICER on the pre-miRNA and shifts the cleavage site. This alternative processing produces a duplex with a different terminus from which the 3' strand (3p) is selected instead of the 5' strand (5p). In glioblastoma, the TUT4/7 and 3p levels are upregulated, whereas the 5p level is reduced. Manipulation of the strand ratio is sufficient to impair glioblastoma cell proliferation. This study uncovers a role of uridylation as a molecular switch in alternative strand selection and implicates its therapeutic potential.
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Peng L, Ming Y, Zhang L, Zhou J, Xiang W, Zeng S, He H, Chen L. MicroRNA-30a suppresses self-renewal and tumorigenicity of glioma stem cells by blocking the NT5E-dependent Akt signaling pathway. FASEB J 2020; 34:5128-5143. [PMID: 32067282 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802629rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Over the past decade, increasing researches have demonstrated the implication of microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) in tumorigenicity of glioma stem cells (GSCs). The regulatory functions of miRNAs in GSCs have emerged as potential therapeutic candidates for glioma treatment. Herein, we aim to investigate the role of miR-30a in the proliferation and self-renewal of GSCs and the possible mechanism in relation to ecto-5'-nucleotidase (NT5E)-dependent Akt signaling pathway. RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis were performed to determine the expression of miR-30a and NT5E in glioma tissues and cell lines. GSCs were isolated from glioma cells and identified using flow cytometry. The relationship between miR-30a and NT5E was determined by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments were performed to examine the effects of miR-30a and NT5E on sphere formation, colony formation, and proliferation of GSCs in vitro, as well as orthotopic tumor growth of GSCs in nude mice. Additionally, the Akt signaling pathway was blocked with an Akt inhibitor, LY294002, to investigate its involvement in the regulatory effect of miR30a. miR-30a was poorly expressed in glioma tissues and cell lines as well as GSCs. NT5E, highly expressed in GSCs, was identified as a target of miR-30a. In addition, miR-30a upregulation or NT5E silencing could reduce GSC sphere formation, clone formation, proliferation, and orthotopic tumor growth in nude mice. Moreover, miR-30a inhibited the activation of the Akt signaling pathway by targeting NT5E, and ultimately suppressing the self-renewal and orthotopic tumor growth of GSCs. Our results demonstrate that miR-30a targets NT5E to inhibit the Akt signaling pathway, by which could suppress the self-renewal and orthotopic tumor growth of GSCs. Those findings may provide theoretical basis of miR-30a as a therapeutic target to suppress the glioma progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilei Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, P. R. China.,Neurosurgical Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yang Ming
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, P. R. China.,Neurosurgical Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ling Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, P. R. China.,Neurosurgical Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, P. R. China.,Neurosurgical Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, P. R. China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, P. R. China.,Neurosurgical Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shan Zeng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, P. R. China.,Neurosurgical Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, P. R. China
| | - Haiping He
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, P. R. China.,Neurosurgical Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, P. R. China
| | - Ligang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, P. R. China.,Neurosurgical Clinical Research Center of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, P. R. China
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18
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Park J, Shim JK, Kang JH, Choi J, Chang JH, Kim SY, Kang SG. Regulation of bioenergetics through dual inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase and mitochondrial complex I suppresses glioblastoma tumorspheres. Neuro Oncol 2019; 20:954-965. [PMID: 29294080 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nox243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Targeted approaches for treating glioblastoma (GBM) attempted to date have consistently failed, highlighting the imperative for treatment strategies that operate on different mechanistic principles. Bioenergetics deprivation has emerged as an effective therapeutic approach for various tumors. We have previously found that cancer cells preferentially utilize cytosolic NADH supplied by aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) for ATP production through oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos). This study is aimed at examining therapeutic responses and underlying mechanisms of dual inhibition of ALDH and OxPhos against GBM. Methods For inhibition of ALDH and OxPhos, the corresponding inhibitors, gossypol and phenformin were used. Biological functions, including ATP levels, stemness, invasiveness, and viability, were evaluated in GBM tumorspheres (TSs). Gene expression profiles were analyzed using microarray data. In vivo anticancer efficacy was examined in a mouse orthotopic xenograft model. Results Combined treatment of GBM TSs with gossypol and phenformin significantly reduced ATP levels, stemness, invasiveness, and cell viability. Consistently, this therapy substantially decreased expression of genes associated with stemness, mesenchymal transition, and invasion in GBM TSs. Supplementation of ATP using malate abrogated these effects, whereas knockdown of ALDH1L1 mimicked them, suggesting that disruption of ALDH-mediated ATP production is a key mechanism of this therapeutic combination. In vivo efficacy confirmed remarkable therapeutic responses to combined treatment with gossypol and phenformin. Conclusion Our findings suggest that dual inhibition of tumor bioenergetics is a novel and effective strategy for the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junseong Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyoung Shim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Hee Kang
- Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Junjeong Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hee Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Youl Kim
- Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Gu Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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19
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Yoon SJ, Park J, Jang DS, Kim HJ, Lee JH, Jo E, Choi RJ, Shim JK, Moon JH, Kim EH, Chang JH, Lee JH, Kang SG. Glioblastoma Cellular Origin and the Firework Pattern of Cancer Genesis from the Subventricular Zone. J Korean Neurosurg Soc 2019; 63:26-33. [PMID: 31592000 PMCID: PMC6952738 DOI: 10.3340/jkns.2019.0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a disease without any definite cure. Numerous approaches have been tested in efforts to conquer this brain disease, but patients invariably experience recurrence or develop resistance to treatment. New surgical tools, carefully chosen samples, and experimental methods are enabling discoveries at single-cell resolution. The present article reviews the cell-of-origin of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-wildtype GBM, beginning with the historical background for focusing on cellular origin and introducing the cancer genesis patterned on firework. The authors also review mutations associated with the senescence process in cells of the subventricular zone (SVZ), and biological validation of somatic mutations in a mouse SVZ model. Understanding GBM would facilitate research on the origin of other cancers and may catalyze the development of new management approaches or treatments against IDH-wildtype GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Jin Yoon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Junseong Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong-Su Jang
- Medical Research Support Services, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Sculpture, Hongik University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Joo Ho Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Euna Jo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ran Joo Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Kyung Shim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju Hyung Moon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eui-Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Hee Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Korea
| | - Seok-Gu Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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20
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Park J, Shim JK, Yoon SJ, Kim SH, Chang JH, Kang SG. Transcriptome profiling-based identification of prognostic subtypes and multi-omics signatures of glioblastoma. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10555. [PMID: 31332251 PMCID: PMC6646357 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47066-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a lethal tumor, but few biomarkers and molecular subtypes predicting prognosis are available. This study was aimed to identify prognostic subtypes and multi-omics signatures for GBM. Using oncopression and TCGA-GBM datasets, we identified 80 genes most associated with GBM prognosis using correlations between gene expression levels and overall survival of patients. The prognostic score of each sample was calculated using these genes, followed by assigning three prognostic subtypes. This classification was validated in two independent datasets (REMBRANDT and Severance). Functional annotation revealed that invasion- and cell cycle-related gene sets were enriched in poor and favorable group, respectively. The three GBM subtypes were therefore named invasive (poor), mitotic (favorable), and intermediate. Interestingly, invasive subtype showed increased invasiveness, and MGMT methylation was enriched in mitotic subtype, indicating need for different therapeutic strategies according to prognostic subtypes. For clinical convenience, we also identified genes that best distinguished the invasive and mitotic subtypes. Immunohistochemical staining showed that markedly higher expression of PDPN in invasive subtype and of TMEM100 in mitotic subtype (P < 0.001). We expect that this transcriptome-based classification, with multi-omics signatures and biomarkers, can improve molecular understanding of GBM, ultimately leading to precise stratification of patients for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junseong Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyoung Shim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seon-Jin Yoon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hee Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Gu Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Combined treatment with 2'-hydroxycinnamaldehyde and temozolomide suppresses glioblastoma tumorspheres by decreasing stemness and invasiveness. J Neurooncol 2019; 143:69-77. [PMID: 30887242 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-019-03151-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive human primary brain malignancy. The key properties of GBM, stemness and invasiveness, are known to be associated with a highly unfavorable prognosis. Notably, the process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is closely related to the progression of GBM. On the basis of reports that 2'-hydroxycinnamaldehyde (HCA) and its derivative, 2'-benzoyloxycinnamaldehyde (BCA), suppresses EMT in several human cancer cells, we sought to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of HCA and BCA, alone and in combination with temozolomide (TMZ), on GBM tumorspheres (TSs). METHODS Two human GBM TSs were treated with HCA, BCA, or TMZ. Therapeutic effects were evaluated by measuring ATP levels, neurosphere formation, 3D-invasion in collagen matrix, and viability. Protein expression profiles after drug treatment were evaluated by western blotting. In vivo anticancer efficacy of drugs was examined in a mouse orthotopic xenograft model. RESULTS Combined treatment of GBM TSs with HCA or BCA and TMZ significantly reduced cell viability, stemness, and invasiveness. Expression levels of stemness-, invasiveness-, and mesenchymal transition-associated markers, Zeb1, N-cadherin, and β-catenin, were also substantially decreased by the combined treatment. The combined treatment also reduced tumor growth in a mouse orthotopic xenograft model. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that HCA and BCA, combined with TMZ, are potential therapeutic agents in the treatment of GBM.
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22
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Farnesyl diphosphate synthase is important for the maintenance of glioblastoma stemness. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-12. [PMID: 30333528 PMCID: PMC6193020 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0166-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a highly malignant tumor that easily acquires resistance to treatment. The stem-cell-like character (stemness) has been thought to be closely associated with the treatment resistance of glioblastoma cells. In this study, we determined that farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FDPS), a key enzyme in isoprenoid biosynthesis, plays an important role in maintaining glioblastoma stemness. A comparison of the mRNA expression in patient-derived glioblastoma sphere cells, which maintain stemness, and their differentiated counterparts, which lose stemness, via RNA sequencing showed that most of the altered genes were networked in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. We screened Federal Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs targeting specific enzymes in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway for their ability to inhibit glioblastoma sphere formation. Inhibitors of FDPS, such as alendronate and zoledronate, significantly reduced the formation of glioblastoma spheres, and alendronate was effective at a lower molar concentration than zoledronate. Knockdown of FDPS using short hairpin RNA also completely inhibited the formation of secondary spheres. FDPS mRNA in patients with glioblastoma was associated with malignancy in three independent microarray data sets. RNA sequencing showed that alendronate treatment reduced the embryonic stem cell signature and activated development- and necrosis-related pathways in glioblastoma spheres. These results suggest that FDPS is important for the maintenance of glioblastoma stemness and that alendronate, a drug widely used to treat osteoporosis, can be repositioned to treat glioblastoma. A drug that targets a key enzyme in aggressive brain cancer tumors could help tackle resistance to existing treatments. Glioblastoma is the most aggressive form of brain cancer and remains difficult to treat because the cancer cells can survive chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Certain cells within glioblastoma tumors have ‘stemness’ – unique stem cell-like metabolic characteristics that allow them to rapidly repair DNA damage and trigger relapse. Hyonchol Jang at the National Cancer Center in Goyang, South Korea and co-workers discovered that an enzyme called farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FDPS) helps maintain stemness in glioblastoma. The team then treated patient-derived glioblastoma cells with existing drugs known to inhibit FDPS. One such drug, which is already used to treat osteoporosis, inhibited the formation of secondary glioblastoma and may prove valuble in the treatment of brain cancer.
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23
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Park J, Kim CG, Shim JK, Kim JH, Lee H, Lee JE, Kim MH, Haam K, Jung I, Park SH, Chang JH, Shin EC, Kang SG. Effect of combined anti-PD-1 and temozolomide therapy in glioblastoma. Oncoimmunology 2018; 8:e1525243. [PMID: 30546966 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2018.1525243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although programmed death-1 (PD-1) blockade is effective in treating several types of cancer, the efficacy of this agent in glioblastoma (GBM) is largely unknown. Methods: We evaluated therapeutic effects of anti-PD-1, temozolomide (TMZ), and their combination in an orthotopic murine GBM model. The phenotype, number, and composition of lymphocytes were evaluated using flow cytometry. Transcriptional profiles of tumor tissues were analyzed using microarrays. Generation of antitumor immunological memory was investigated upon rechallenge. Results: Combined treatment with anti-PD-1 and TMZ yielded synergistic antitumor efficacy in the presence of donor-originated PD-1+CD8+ T cells in vitro, necessitating in vivo validation. Whereas TMZ did not rescue GBM-implanted mice, anti-PD-1 completely eradicated GBM in 44.4% of mice, and combination of anti-PD-1 and TMZ in all mice. Anti-PD-1 significantly increased the number of tumor-infiltrating lymhpocytes (TILs), and reduced frequencies of exhausted T cells and regulatory T cells. However, combining TMZ with anti-PD-1 significantly decreased the number of TILs, which was also observed with TMZ treatment alone. A transcriptome analysis of tumor tissues revealed that anti-PD-1 monotherapy perturbed immune-related genes, distinctly with combined therapy. Upon rechallenge, tumor growth was not observed in mice cured by anti-PD-1 monotherapy, whereas tumors regrew in the combination group. Furthermore, an analysis of peripheral blood revealed that antitumor memory T cells were generated in mice cured by anti-PD-1 monotherapy, not in the combination group. Conclusion: PD-1 blockade induces long-term therapeutic response, and combination with TMZ further enhances antitumor efficacy. However, immunological memory is provoked by anti-PD-1 monotherapy, not by combined therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junseong Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Gon Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyoung Shim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hoon Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoyoung Lee
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Eun Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hwan Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Keeok Haam
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Inkyung Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Hyung Park
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hee Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Cheol Shin
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Gu Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Human glioblastoma arises from subventricular zone cells with low-level driver mutations. Nature 2018; 560:243-247. [PMID: 30069053 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0389-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 361] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a devastating and incurable brain tumour, with a median overall survival of fifteen months1,2. Identifying the cell of origin that harbours mutations that drive GBM could provide a fundamental basis for understanding disease progression and developing new treatments. Given that the accumulation of somatic mutations has been implicated in gliomagenesis, studies have suggested that neural stem cells (NSCs), with their self-renewal and proliferative capacities, in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the adult human brain may be the cells from which GBM originates3-5. However, there is a lack of direct genetic evidence from human patients with GBM4,6-10. Here we describe direct molecular genetic evidence from patient brain tissue and genome-edited mouse models that show astrocyte-like NSCs in the SVZ to be the cell of origin that contains the driver mutations of human GBM. First, we performed deep sequencing of triple-matched tissues, consisting of (i) normal SVZ tissue away from the tumour mass, (ii) tumour tissue, and (iii) normal cortical tissue (or blood), from 28 patients with isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild-type GBM or other types of brain tumour. We found that normal SVZ tissue away from the tumour in 56.3% of patients with wild-type IDH GBM contained low-level GBM driver mutations (down to approximately 1% of the mutational burden) that were observed at high levels in their matching tumours. Moreover, by single-cell sequencing and laser microdissection analysis of patient brain tissue and genome editing of a mouse model, we found that astrocyte-like NSCs that carry driver mutations migrate from the SVZ and lead to the development of high-grade malignant gliomas in distant brain regions. Together, our results show that NSCs in human SVZ tissue are the cells of origin that contain the driver mutations of GBM.
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25
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The mode and dynamics of glioblastoma cell invasion into a decellularized tissue-derived extracellular matrix-based three-dimensional tumor model. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4608. [PMID: 29545552 PMCID: PMC5854588 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22681-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common brain tumor with very aggressive and infiltrative. Extracellular matrix (ECM) plays pivotal roles in the infiltrative characteristics of GBM. To understand the invasive characteristic of GBM, it is necessary to study cell-ECM interaction in the physiologically relevant biomimetic model that recapitulates the GBM-specific ECM microenvironment. Here, we propose biomimetic GBM-specific ECM microenvironment for studying mode and dynamics of glioblastoma cell invasion. Using tissue decellularization process, we constructed a patient tissue-derived ECM (pdECM)-based three-dimensional in vitro model. In our model, GBM cells exhibited heterogeneous morphology and altered the invasion routes in a microenvironment-adaptive manner. We further elucidate the effects of inhibition of ECM remodeling-related enzymatic activity (Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2/9, hyaluronan synthase (HAS)) on GBM cell invasion. Interestingly, after blocking both enzyme activity, GBM cells underwent morphological transition and switch the invasion mode. Such adaptability could render cell invasion resistant to anti-cancer target therapy. There results provide insight of how organ-specific matrix differentially regulates cancer cell phenotype, and have significant implications for the design of matrix with appropriate physiologically relevant properties for in vitro tumor model.
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Li X, Dai J, Tang Y, Li L, Jin G. Quantitative Proteomic Profiling of Tachyplesin I Targets in U251 Gliomaspheres. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15010020. [PMID: 28106765 PMCID: PMC5295240 DOI: 10.3390/md15010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Tachyplesin I is a cationic peptide isolated from hemocytes of the horseshoe crab and its anti-tumor activity has been demonstrated in several tumor cells. However, there is limited information providing the global effects and mechanisms of tachyplesin I on glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Here, by using two complementary proteomic strategies (2D-DIGE and dimethyl isotope labeling-based shotgun proteomics), we explored the effect of tachyplesin I on the proteome of gliomaspheres, a three-dimensional growth model formed by a GBM cell line U251. In total, the expression levels of 192 proteins were found to be significantly altered by tachyplesin I treatment. Gene ontology (GO) analysis revealed that many of them were cytoskeleton proteins and lysosomal acid hydrolases, and the mostly altered biological process was related to cellular metabolism, especially glycolysis. Moreover, we built protein-protein interaction network of these proteins and suggested the important role of DNA topoisomerase 2-alpha (TOP2A) in the signal-transduction cascade of tachyplesin I. In conclusion, we propose that tachyplesin I might down-regulate cathepsins in lysosomes and up-regulate TOP2A to inhibit migration and promote apoptosis in glioma, thus contribute to its anti-tumor function. Our results suggest tachyplesin I is a potential candidate for treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Li
- School of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Polytechnic, No. 2190 Liuxian Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jianguo Dai
- School of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Polytechnic, No. 2190 Liuxian Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yongjun Tang
- School of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Polytechnic, No. 2190 Liuxian Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China.
| | - Lulu Li
- School of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Polytechnic, No. 2190 Liuxian Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China.
| | - Gang Jin
- School of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Polytechnic, No. 2190 Liuxian Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China.
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27
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Ji YB, Oh SJ, Kang SG, Heo J, Kim SH, Choi Y, Song S, Son HY, Kim SH, Lee JH, Haam SJ, Huh YM, Chang JH, Joo C, Suh JS. Terahertz reflectometry imaging for low and high grade gliomas. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36040. [PMID: 27782153 PMCID: PMC5080552 DOI: 10.1038/srep36040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Gross total resection (GTR) of glioma is critical for improving the survival rate of glioma patients. One of the greatest challenges for achieving GTR is the difficulty in discriminating low grade tumor or peritumor regions that have an intact blood brain barrier (BBB) from normal brain tissues and delineating glioma margins during surgery. Here we present a highly sensitive, label-free terahertz reflectometry imaging (TRI) that overcomes current key limitations for intraoperative detection of World Health Organization (WHO) grade II (low grade), and grade III and IV (high grade) gliomas. We demonstrate that TRI provides tumor discrimination and delineation of tumor margins in brain tissues with high sensitivity on the basis of Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained image. TRI may help neurosurgeons to remove gliomas completely by providing visualization of tumor margins in WHO grade II, III, and IV gliomas without contrast agents, and hence, improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Bin Ji
- YUHS-KRIBB Medical Convergence Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jae Oh
- YUHS-KRIBB Medical Convergence Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Gu Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Brain Research Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Heo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Kim
- YUHS-KRIBB Medical Convergence Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Applied Electromagnetic Wave Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yuna Choi
- YUHS-KRIBB Medical Convergence Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungri Song
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Young Son
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Brain Research Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Joo Haam
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Min Huh
- YUHS-KRIBB Medical Convergence Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hee Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Brain Research Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chulmin Joo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Suck Suh
- YUHS-KRIBB Medical Convergence Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Radiology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Choi J, Lee JH, Koh I, Shim JK, Park J, Jeon JY, Yun M, Kim SH, Yook JI, Kim EH, Chang JH, Kim SH, Huh YM, Lee SJ, Pollak M, Kim P, Kang SG, Cheong JH. Inhibiting stemness and invasive properties of glioblastoma tumorsphere by combined treatment with temozolomide and a newly designed biguanide (HL156A). Oncotarget 2016; 7:65643-65659. [PMID: 27582539 PMCID: PMC5323181 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.11595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies have investigated biguanide-derived agents for the treatment of cancers and have reported their effects against tumorspheres (TSs). The purpose of this study was determining the effects of HL156A, a newly designed biguanide with improved pharmacokinetics, on glioblastoma TSs (GMB TSs) and assess the feasibility of this drug as a new line of therapy against glioblastoma, alone or combined with a conventional therapeutic agent, temozolomide(TMZ). The effects of HL156A, alone and combined with TMZ, on the stemness and invasive properties of GBM TSs and survival of orthotopic xenograft animals were assessed. HL156A, combined with TMZ, inhibited the stemness of GBM TSs, proven by neurosphere formation assay and marker expression. Three-dimensional collagen matrix invasion assays provided evidence that combined treatment inhibited invasive properties, compared with control and TMZ-alone treatment groups. TMZ alone and combined treatment repressed the expression of epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related genes. A gene ontology comparison of TMZ and combination-treatment groups revealed altered expression of genes encoding proteins involved in cellular adhesion and migration. Combined treatment with HL156A and TMZ showed survival benefits in an orthotopic xenograft mouse model. The inhibitory effect of combination treatment on the stemness and invasive properties of GBM TSs suggest the potential usage of this regimen as a novel strategy for the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjeong Choi
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
- Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Lee
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilkyoo Koh
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyoung Shim
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junseong Park
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Yong Jeon
- Departments of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mijin Yun
- Departments of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hoon Kim
- Departments of Pathology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong In Yook
- Department of Oral Pathology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Hyun Kim
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hee Chang
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ho Kim
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Min Huh
- Departments of Radiology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jae Lee
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Michael Pollak
- Department of Oncology and Medicine, McGill University, Gerald Bronfman Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Pilnam Kim
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Gu Kang
- Departments of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Cheong
- Department of Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Sung KS, Shim JK, Lee JH, Kim SH, Park S, Roh TH, Moon JH, Kim EH, Kim SH, Lee SJ, Huh YM, Kang SG, Chang JH. Success of tumorsphere isolation from WHO grade IV gliomas does not correlate with the weight of fresh tumor specimens: an immunohistochemical characterization of tumorsphere differentiation. Cancer Cell Int 2016; 16:75. [PMID: 27708549 PMCID: PMC5037893 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-016-0350-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 09/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A trend of stage-by-stage increase in tumorsphere (TS) formation from glioma samples has been reported. Despite this trend, not all surgical specimens give rise to TSs, even World Health Organization (WHO) grade IV gliomas. Furthermore, it has been reported that differences in overall survival of primary glioblastoma patients depends on the propensity of their tumors to form TSs. However, the weights of fresh specimens vary from one surgical isolate to the next. METHODS Accordingly, we evaluated the relationship between the weights of surgical specimens in WHO grade IV gliomas with the capacity to isolate TSs. Thirty-five fresh WHO grade IV glioma specimens were separated into two groups, based on whether they were positive or negative for TS isolation, and the relationship between TS isolation and weight of surgical specimens was assessed. RESULTS We observed no significant difference in the weights of surgical samples in the two groups, and found that the optimal weight of specimens for TSs isolation was 500 mg. CONCLUSION Thus, contrary to our expectations, the ability to isolate TSs from WHO grade IV glioma specimens was not related to the weight of fresh specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoung Su Sung
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyoung Shim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752 Republic of Korea
| | - Se Hoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752 Republic of Korea
| | - Sohee Park
- Department of Biostatistics, Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752 Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hoon Roh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752 Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hyung Moon
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752 Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752 Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ho Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752 Republic of Korea
| | - Su Jae Lee
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 133-791 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Min Huh
- Department of Radiology, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752 Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Gu Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hee Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752 Republic of Korea
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30
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Oh Y, Cha J, Kang SG, Kim P. A polyethylene glycol-based hydrogel as macroporous scaffold for tumorsphere formation of glioblastoma multiforme. J IND ENG CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2016.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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31
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Kim KM, Shim JK, Chang JH, Lee JH, Kim SH, Choi J, Park J, Kim EH, Kim SH, Huh YM, Lee SJ, Cheong JH, Kang SG. Failure of a patient-derived xenograft for brain tumor model prepared by implantation of tissue fragments. Cancer Cell Int 2016; 16:43. [PMID: 27293382 PMCID: PMC4901492 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-016-0319-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background With the continuing development of new anti-cancer drugs comes a need for preclinical experimental models capable of predicting the clinical activity of these novel agents in cancer patients. However existing models have a limited ability to recapitulate the clinical characteristics and associated drug sensitivity of tumors. Among the more promising approaches for improving preclinical models is direct implantation of patient-derived tumor tissue into immunocompromised mice, such as athymic nude or non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient (NOD/SCID) mice. In the current study, we attempted to develop patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models using tissue fragments from surgical samples of brain tumors. Methods In this approach, tiny tissue fragments of tumors were biopsied from eight brain tumor patients—seven glioblastoma patients and one primitive neuroectodermal tumor patient. Two administration methods—a cut-down syringe and a pipette—were used to implant tissue fragments from each patient into the brains of athymic nude mice. Results In contrast to previous reports, and contrary to our expectations, we found that none of these fragments from brain tumor biopsies resulted in the successful establishment of xenograft tumors. Conclusions These results suggest that fragments of surgical specimens from brain tumor patients are unsuitable for implementation of brain tumor PDX models, and instead recommend other in vivo testing platforms for brain tumors, such as cell-based brain tumor models. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12935-016-0319-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Min Kim
- Department of Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyoung Shim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Severance Hospital, Brain Tumor Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hee Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Severance Hospital, Brain Tumor Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Severance Hospital, Brain Tumor Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Junjeong Choi
- Department of Pharmacy, Yonsei University College of Pharmacy, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon, 21983 Republic of Korea
| | - Junseong Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Severance Hospital, Brain Tumor Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Eui-Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Severance Hospital, Brain Tumor Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ho Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Severance Hospital, Brain Tumor Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Min Huh
- Department of Radiology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jae Lee
- Department of Life Science, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, 222, Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Cheong
- Department of Surgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Gu Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Severance Hospital, Brain Tumor Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722 Republic of Korea
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32
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Kwak J, Shim JK, Kim DS, Lee JH, Choi J, Park J, Shin KJ, Kim SH, Kim P, Huh YM, Kim EH, Chang JH, Kim SH, Kang SG. Isolation and characterization of tumorspheres from a recurrent pineoblastoma patient: Feasibility of a patient-derived xenograft. Int J Oncol 2016; 49:569-78. [PMID: 27277549 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2016.3554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The existence of tumorspheres (TSs) might confer treatment resistance to pineoblastoma (PB). The existence of PB TSs with cellular immortalization potential has not yet been reported. We developed a procedure for isolating TSs from recurrent PB (rPB) and tested whether their properties made them suitable for use as a patient-derived xenograft (PDX). Immunocytochemical staining, RT-PCR and quantitative real-time PCR showed that, among stemness proteins, CD133, musashi and podoplanin were expressed at elevated levels in rPB TSs, but nestin was not. rPB TSs cultured under neuro-glial differentiation conditions expressed TUBB3, but not GFAP, MBP or NeuN. Unlike glioblastoma TSs, rPB TSs showed no clear evidence of invasion in 3D invasion assay or increased expression of genes associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition. An orthotopic xenograft showed that tumor xenografts replicated the histopathological features of the patient tumor and expressed similar genome profiles, as determined by short tandem repeat genotyping. These data demonstrate the isolation and the characterization of rPB TSs for the first time. Using an orthotopic xenograft, we showed that rPB TSs could replicate the patient tumor, demonstrating their potential as a PDX for precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyong Kwak
- Department of Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Kyoung Shim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Seok Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junjeong Choi
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Junseong Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Jin Shin
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Hoon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Pilnam Kim
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Min Huh
- Department of Radiology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eui Hyun Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hee Chang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Ho Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Gu Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brain Tumor Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Cha J, Kang SG, Kim P. Strategies of Mesenchymal Invasion of Patient-derived Brain Tumors: Microenvironmental Adaptation. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24912. [PMID: 27108713 PMCID: PMC4842976 DOI: 10.1038/srep24912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The high mortality in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients is primarily caused by extensive infiltration into adjacent tissue and subsequent rapid recurrence. There are no clear therapeutic strategies that target the infiltrative subpopulation of GBM mass. Using mesenchymal mode of invasion, the GBM is known to widely infiltrate by interacting with various unique components within brain microenvironment such as hyaluronic acid (HA)-rich matrix and white matter tracts. However, it is unclear how these GBM microenvironments influence the strategies of mesenchymal invasion. We hypothesize that GBM has different strategies to facilitate such invasion through adaptation to their local microenvironment. Using our in vitro biomimetic microenvironment platform for three-dimensional GBM tumorspheres (TSs), we found that the strategies of GBM invasion were predominantly regulated by the HA-rich ECM microenvironment, showing marked phenotypic changes in the presence of HA, which were mainly mediated by HA synthase (HAS). Interestingly, after inhibition of the HAS gene, GBM switched their invasion strategies to a focal adhesion (FA)-mediated invasion. These results demonstrate that the microenvironmental adaptation allowed a flexible invasion strategy for GBM. Using our model, we suggest a new inhibitory pathway for targeting infiltrative GBM and propose an importance of multi-target therapy for GBM, which underwent microenvironmental adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junghwa Cha
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Seok-Gu Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Pilnam Kim
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 34141, Korea
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Tumor Mesenchymal Stem-Like Cell as a Prognostic Marker in Primary Glioblastoma. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:6756983. [PMID: 26981133 PMCID: PMC4766342 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6756983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The isolation from brain tumors of tumor mesenchymal stem-like cells (tMSLCs) suggests that these cells play a role in creating a microenvironment for tumor initiation and progression. The clinical characteristics of patients with primary glioblastoma (pGBM) positive for tMSLCs have not been determined. This study analyzed samples from 82 patients with pGBM who had undergone tumor removal, pathological diagnosis, and isolation of tMSLC from April 2009 to October 2014. Survival, extent of resection, molecular markers, and tMSLC culture results were statistically evaluated. Median overall survival was 18.6 months, 15.0 months in tMSLC-positive patients and 29.5 months in tMSLC-negative patients (P = 0.014). Multivariate cox regression model showed isolation of tMSLC (OR = 2.5, 95% CI = 1.1~5.6, P = 0.021) showed poor outcome while larger extent of resection (OR = 0.5, 95% CI = 0.2~0.8, P = 0.011) has association with better outcome. The presence of tMSLCs isolated from the specimen of pGBM is associated with the survival of patient.
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35
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Kang SG, Cheong JH, Huh YM, Kim EH, Kim SH, Chang JH. Potential use of glioblastoma tumorsphere: clinical credentialing. Arch Pharm Res 2015; 38:402-7. [PMID: 25628248 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-015-0564-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A decade ago, cancer stem cells (CSCs) were introduced as target cells for an innovative cancer treatment. Particularly, there have been a lot of biological researches on glioblastoma (GBM) CSCs. However, as there is a comprehensive change in the concept of CSCs, it is required to review how the different CSCs for patients can be clinically used, or clinical credentialing, and summarize the possibilities of clinical credentialing. In this regard, this review aims to introduce the tumorsphere obtained from GBM specimen and summarize the clinical dilemma and clinically applicable areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok-Gu Kang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea,
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Prognostic value of glioma cancer stem cell isolation in survival of primary glioblastoma patients. Stem Cells Int 2014; 2014:838950. [PMID: 25580136 PMCID: PMC4279114 DOI: 10.1155/2014/838950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 11/16/2014] [Accepted: 11/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been reported to be critical in the initiation, maintenance, and progression of cancers. The expression of stem cell markers, such as podoplanin (PDPN), CD133, and nestin, may have been correlated with malignant progression. However, the effects of CSCs and stem cell markers on clinical outcomes in cancer patients remain unclear. In this study, we assessed the prognostic roles of glioma CSCs (gCSCs) isolation and stem cell markers in patients with primary glioblastoma (pGBM). A cohort of 39 patients with pGBM was separated into two groups, those positive or negative for gCSCs, and the correlation between gCSC and patient survival was evaluated. We observed significantly different cumulative survival (P = 0.045) when comparing patients positive for gCSCs patients and negative for gCSC. Among the patients positive for gCSCs, we observed no significant differences in survival between those whose gCSCs were each positive or negative for PDPN, CD133, or nestin. This study strongly supports the prognostic value of gCSCs isolation on the survival of patients with pGBM.
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Wang XJ, Zhou SL, Fu XD, Zhang YY, Liang B, Shou JX, Wang JY, Ma J. Clinical and prognostic significance of high-mobility group box-1 in human gliomas. Exp Ther Med 2014; 9:513-518. [PMID: 25574225 PMCID: PMC4280992 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2014.2089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to explore the expression and the clinical and prognostic significance of high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) in human gliomas. The expression of HMGB1 in 15 samples of normal brain tissue and 65 samples of different-grade glioma tissue was assayed using immunohistochemistry and western blot analysis. The associations between the differences in expression and pathology grades were analyzed statistically. Uni- and multivariate analyses were performed to investigate the prognostic value of HMGB1 expression and its expression levels. The positive rates of HMGB1 expression in normal brain and glioma tissue were 20.0% (3/15) and 76.9% (50/65), respectively. The expression of HMGB1 in glioma tissue was higher than that in normal tissue (P<0.05). The positive rates of HMGB1 expression in low-grade gliomas (LGGs, grades I and II) and high-grade gliomas (HGGs, grades III and IV) were 63.0% (17/27) and 86.8% (33/38), respectively, and the positive rates in HGG were higher than those in LGG (P=0.024). Western blot analysis showed that HMGB1 was also expressed in normal brain tissue. The expression levels in HGG were significantly higher than those in LGG (P<0.001). HMGB1-positive patients had significantly shorter overall survival times compared with HMGB1-negative patients (P=0.026). Increasing levels of HMGB1 expression significantly correlated with reduced survival times when all patients with glioma were considered (P=0.045). In conclusion, HMGB1 positivity and protein expression levels are of significant clinical and prognostic value in human gliomas. Detecting HMGB1 in human gliomas may be useful for assessing the degree of malignancy, and HMGB1 would appear to be a promising target in the clinical management of patients with glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Jun Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Shao-Long Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Xu-Dong Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Yan Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Bo Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Ji-Xin Shou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Ye Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Jian Ma
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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Liu T, Sun B, Zhao X, Li Y, Gu Q, Dong X, Liu F. OCT4 expression and vasculogenic mimicry formation positively correlate with poor prognosis in human breast cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:19634-49. [PMID: 25353179 PMCID: PMC4264130 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151119634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the prognostic value of OCT4 expression and vasculogenic mimicry (VM) in human breast cancer, we examined OCT4 expression and VM formation using immunohistochemistry and CD31/PAS (periodic acid-schiff) double staining on 90 breast cancer specimens. All patients were followed up for five-149 months following surgery. Survival curves were generated using Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariate analysis was performed using Cox regression model to assess the prognostic values. Results showed positive correlation between OCT4 expression and VM formation (p<0.05). Both OCT4 expression and VM were also positively correlated with lymph node metastasis, higher histological grade, and Nottingham prognostic index (p<0.05). Patients with OCT4 expression or VM formation exhibited poorer overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) than OCT4-negative or VM-negative patients (p<0.05). OCT4-positive/VM-positive patients also had the worst OS and DFS (p<0.05). In multivariate survival analysis, VM, Nottingham prognostic index (NPI), and Her2 were independent prognostic factors related to OS and OCT4-positive/VM-positive patients, whereas NPI and Her2 were independent predictors of DFS. These results suggest that a combined OCT4 expression/VM could improve the prognostic judgment for breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tieju Liu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - Baocun Sun
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - Xiulan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - Yanlei Li
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - Qiang Gu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - Xueyi Dong
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China.
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Iacopino F, Angelucci C, Piacentini R, Biamonte F, Mangiola A, Maira G, Grassi C, Sica G. Isolation of cancer stem cells from three human glioblastoma cell lines: characterization of two selected clones. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105166. [PMID: 25121761 PMCID: PMC4133365 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSC) were isolated via a non-adherent neurosphere assay from three glioma cell lines: LI, U87, and U373. Using a clonal assay, two clones (D2 and F11) were selected from spheres derived from LI cells and were characterized for the: expression of stem cell markers (CD133, Nestin, Musashi-1 and Sox2); proliferation; differentiation capability (determined by the expression of GalC, βIII-Tubulin and GFAP); Ca2+ signaling and tumorigenicity in nude mice. Both D2 and F11 clones expressed higher levels of all stem cell markers with respect to the parental cell line. Clones grew more slowly than LI cells with a two-fold increase in duplication time. Markers of differentiation (βIII-Tubulin and GFAP) were expressed at high levels in both LI cells and in neurospheres. The expression of Nestin, Sox2, and βIII-Tubulin was down-regulated in D2 and F11 when cultured in serum-containing medium, whereas Musashi-1 was increased. In this condition, duplication time of D2 and F11 increased without reaching that of LI cells. D2, F11 and parental cells did not express voltage-dependent Ca2+-channels but they exhibited increased intracellular Ca2+ levels in response to ATP. These Ca2+ signals were larger in LI cells and in spheres cultured in serum-containing medium, while they were smaller in serum-free medium. The ATP treatment did not affect cell proliferation. Both D2 and F11 induced the appearance of tumors when ortotopically injected in athymic nude mice at a density 50-fold lower than that of LI cells. All these data indicate that both clones have characteristics of CSC and share the same stemness properties. The findings regarding the expression of differentiation markers and Ca2+-channels show that both clones are unable to reach the terminal differentiation. Both D2 and F11 might represent a good model to improve the knowledge on CSC in glioblastoma and to identify new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fortunata Iacopino
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Cristiana Angelucci
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Piacentini
- Institute of Human Physiology, Medical School, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Filippo Biamonte
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Annunziato Mangiola
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Medical School, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulio Maira
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Medical School, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Grassi
- Institute of Human Physiology, Medical School, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Gigliola Sica
- Institute of Histology and Embryology, Medical School, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
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Zhao B, Bian EB, Li J, Li J. New advances of microRNAs in glioma stem cells, with special emphasis on aberrant methylation of microRNAs. J Cell Physiol 2014; 229:1141-7. [PMID: 24374932 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Malignant brain tumors are thought to be originate from a small population of cells that display stem cell properties, including the capacity of self-renewal, multipotent differentiation, initiation of tumor tissues. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been identified in gliomas in which they are named as glioma stem cells (GSCs). GSCs, sharing some characteristics with normal neural stem cells (NSCs), contribute to the cellular origin for primary gliomas and the recurrence of malignant gliomas after current conventional therapy. Recently, increasing evidences have showed that miRNAs play a central role in GSCs. In this review we focus on the role of GSCs in gliomas and in the abnomal expression of miRNAs in GSCs. Furthermore, we also discuss epigenetic dysregulation of tumor-suppressor miRNAs by promoter DNA methylation is involved in the regulation of GSCs biology. Recent advances in understanding dysregulated expression of miRNAs and methylation of tumor-suppressor miRNAs in GSCs and their possible use as new therapeutic targets of gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Cerebral Vascular Disease Research Center, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Kwak J, Shin HJ, Kim SH, Shim JK, Lee JH, Huh YM, Kim EH, Park EK, Chang JH, Kim SH, Hong YK, Kim DS, Lee SJ, Kang SG. Isolation of tumor spheres and mesenchymal stem-like cells from a single primitive neuroectodermal tumor specimen. Childs Nerv Syst 2013; 29:2229-39. [PMID: 23812627 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-013-2201-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE It has been reported that cancer stem cells (CSCs) can be isolated from primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) specimens. Moreover, mesenchymal stem-like cells (MSLCs) have been isolated from Korean glioma specimens. Here, we tested whether tumor spheres and MSLCs can be simultaneously isolated from a single PNET specimen, a question that has not been addressed. METHODS We isolated single-cell suspensions from PNET specimens, then cultured these cells using methods for MSLCs or CSCs. Cultured cells were analyzed for surface markers of CSCs using immunocytochemistry and for surface markers of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). Tumor spheres were exposed to neural differentiation conditions, and MSLCs were exposed to mesenchymal differentiation conditions. Possible locations of MSLCs within PNET specimens were determined by immunofluorescence analysis of tumor sections. RESULTS Cells similar to tumor spheres and MSLCs were independently isolated from one of two PNET specimens. Spheroid cells, termed PNET spheres, were positive for CD133 and nestin, and negative for musashi and podoplanin. PNET spheres were capable of differentiation into immature neural cells and astrocytes, but not oligodendrocytes or mature neural cells. FACS analysis revealed that adherent cells isolated from the same PNET specimen, termed PNET-MSLCs, had surface markers similar to BM-MSCs. These cells were capable of mesenchymal differentiation. Immunofluorescence labeling indicated that some CD105(+) cells might be closely related to endothelial cells and pericytes. CONCLUSION We showed that both tumor spheres and MSLCs can be isolated from the same PNET specimen. PNET-MSLCs occupied a niche in the vicinity of the vasculature and could be a source of stroma for PNETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyong Kwak
- Department of Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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LIM HYOYEOL, KIM KYUNGMIN, KIM BOKYUNG, SHIM JINKYOUNG, LEE JIHYUN, HUH YONGMIN, KIM SEHOON, KIM EUIHYUN, PARK EUNKYUNG, SHIM KYUWON, CHANG JONGHEE, KIM DONGSEOK, KIM SUNHO, HONG YONGKIL, LEE SUJAE, KANG SEOKGU. Isolation of mesenchymal stem-like cells in meningioma specimens. Int J Oncol 2013; 43:1260-8. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Kim YG, Jeon S, Sin GY, Shim JK, Kim BK, Shin HJ, Lee JH, Huh YM, Lee SJ, Kim EH, Park EK, Kim SH, Chang JH, Kim DS, Kim SH, Hong YK, Kang SG, Lang FF. Existence of glioma stroma mesenchymal stemlike cells in Korean glioma specimens. Childs Nerv Syst 2013; 29:549-63. [PMID: 23274635 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-012-1988-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE It was presented that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be isolated from western glioma specimens. However, whether MSCs exist in glioma specimens of different ethnicities is unknown. To verify the existence of MSCs in an independent cohort, we undertook studies to isolate MSCs from a group of Korean patients. We hypothesized that cells resembling MSCs that were deemed mesenchymal stemlike cells (MSLCs) exist in an independent cohort of Korean gliomas. METHODS We cultured fresh glioma specimens using the protocols used for culturing MSCs. The cultured cells were analyzed with fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) for surface markers associated with MSCs. Cultured cells were exposed to mesenchymal differentiation conditions. To presume possible locations of MSLCs in the glioma, sections of glioma were analyzed by immunofluorescent labeling for CD105, CD31, and NG2. RESULTS From nine of 31 glioma specimens, we isolated cells resembling MSCs, which were deemed Korean glioma stroma MSLCs (KGS-MSLCs). KGS-MSLCs were spindle shaped and adherent to plastic. KGS-MSLCs had similar surface markers to MSCs (CD105(+), CD90(+), CD73(+), and CD45(-)). KGS-MSLCs were capable of mesenchymal differentiation and might be located around endothelial cells, pericytes, and in a disorganized perivascular area inside glioma stroma. CONCLUSIONS We found that cells resembling MSCs indeed exist in an independent cohort of glioma patients, as presented in western populations. We could presume that the possible location of KGS-MSLCs was in perivascular area or in glioma stroma that was a disorganized vascular niche. It might be possible that KGS-MSLCs could be one of constituent of stroma of glioma microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Goo Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kong BH, Shin HD, Kim SH, Mok HS, Shim JK, Lee JH, Shin HJ, Huh YM, Kim EH, Park EK, Chang JH, Kim DS, Hong YK, Kim SH, Lee SJ, Kang SG. Increased in vivo angiogenic effect of glioma stromal mesenchymal stem-like cells on glioma cancer stem cells from patients with glioblastoma. Int J Oncol 2013; 42:1754-62. [PMID: 23483121 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.1856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of glioma stromal mesenchymal stem‑like cells (GS-MSLCs) in tumors from glioma patients has been previously reported. The mechanisms through which these cells function as a part of the glioma microenvironment, however, remain incompletely understood. We investigated the biological effects of GS-MSLCs on glioma cancer stem cells (gCSCs), testing the hypothesis that GS-MSLCs alter the biological characteristics of gCSCs. GS-MSLCs and gCSCs were isolated from different glioblastoma (GBM) specimens obtained from patients. In in vitro experiments, gCSCs were cultured alone or co-cultured with GS-MSLCs, and gCSCs cell counts were compared between the two groups. In addition, two groups of orthotopic GBM xenografts in mice were created, one using gCSCs from the monoculture group and one using gCSCs isolated from the co-culture group, and tumor volume and survival were analyzed. Furthermore, in vivo proliferation, apoptosis and vessel formation were examined using immunohistochemical analyses. In vitro cell counts for gCSCs co-cultured with GS-MSLCs increased 3-fold compared to gCSCs cultured alone. In orthotopic xenograft experiments, mice injected with gCSCs isolated from the co-culture group had significantly larger tumor volume, measured on day 40 after injection, and their survival times were shorter. Immunohistochemical analysis showed increased tumor expression of CD31, indicative of enhanced microvessel formation in mice injected with gCSCs co-cultured with GS-MSLCs compared to mice injected with gCSCs cultured alone. However, proliferation (PCNA) and apoptosis (TUNEL) markers showed no significant difference between the two groups. In conclusion, GS-MSLCs may influence the biological properties of gCSCs, shifting them towards a more aggressive status; moreover, increased angiogenesis may be a critical component of this mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Ho Kong
- Department of Medical Science, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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