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Zazara DE, Wegmann M, Giannou AD, Hierweger AM, Alawi M, Thiele K, Huber S, Pincus M, Muntau AC, Solano ME, Arck PC. A prenatally disrupted airway epithelium orchestrates the fetal origin of asthma in mice. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2020; 145:1641-1654. [PMID: 32305348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal challenges such as maternal stress perception increase the risk and severity of asthma during childhood. However, insights into the trajectories and targets underlying the pathogenesis of prenatally triggered asthma are largely unknown. The developing lung and immune system may constitute such targets. OBJECTIVE Here we have aimed to identify the differential sex-specific effects of prenatal challenges on lung function, immune response, and asthma severity in mice. METHODS We generated bone marrow chimeric (BMC) mice harboring either prenatally stress-exposed lungs or a prenatally stress-exposed immune (hematopoietic) system and induced allergic asthma via ovalbumin. Next-generation sequencing (RNA sequencing) of lungs and assessment of airway epithelial barrier function in ovalbumin-sensitized control and prenatally stressed offspring was also performed. RESULTS Profoundly enhanced airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammation, and fibrosis were exclusively present in female BMC mice with prenatally stress-exposed lungs. These effects were significantly perpetuated if both the lungs and the immune system had been exposed to prenatal stress. A prenatally stress-exposed immune system alone did not suffice to increase the severity of these asthma features. RNA sequencing analysis of lungs from prenatally stressed, non-BMC, ovalbumin-sensitized females unveiled a deregulated expression of genes involved in asthma pathogenesis, tissue remodeling, and tight junction formation. It was also possible to independently confirm a tight junction disruption. In line with this, we identified an altered perinatal and/or postnatal expression of genes involved in lung development along with an impaired alveolarization in female prenatally stressed mice. CONCLUSION Here we have shown that the fetal origin of asthma is orchestrated by a disrupted airway epithelium and further perpetuated by a predisposed immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra E Zazara
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Laboratory for Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Wegmann
- Division of Asthma Exacerbation & Regulation, Priority Area Asthma and Allergy, Leibniz Lung Center Borstel, Airway Research Center North, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Borstel, Germany
| | - Anastasios D Giannou
- I. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Maximiliane Hierweger
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Laboratory for Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany; Institute for Immunology, Center for Diagnostics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Malik Alawi
- Bioinformatics Core, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kristin Thiele
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Laboratory for Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Samuel Huber
- I. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maike Pincus
- Pediatrics and Pediatric Pneumology Practice, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ania C Muntau
- University Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Maria Emilia Solano
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Laboratory for Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Petra C Arck
- Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Laboratory for Experimental Feto-Maternal Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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Longoni M, High FA, Qi H, Joy MP, Hila R, Coletti CM, Wynn J, Loscertales M, Shan L, Bult CJ, Wilson JM, Shen Y, Chung WK, Donahoe PK. Genome-wide enrichment of damaging de novo variants in patients with isolated and complex congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Hum Genet 2017; 136:679-691. [PMID: 28303347 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-017-1774-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH) is a common and often lethal birth defect characterized by diaphragmatic structural defects and pulmonary hypoplasia. CDH is isolated in 60% of newborns, but may also be part of a complex phenotype with additional anomalies. We performed whole exome sequencing (WES) on 87 individuals with isolated or complex CDH and on their unaffected parents, to assess the contribution of de novo mutations in the etiology of diaphragmatic and pulmonary defects and to identify new candidate genes. A combined analysis with 39 additional trios with complex CDH, previously published, revealed a significant genome-wide burden of de novo variants compared to background mutation rate and 900 control trios. We identified an increased burden of likely gene-disrupting (LGD, i.e. nonsense, frameshift, and canonical splice site) and predicted deleterious missense (D-mis) variants in complex and isolated CDH patients. Overall, an excess of predicted damaging de novo LGD and D-mis variants relative to the expected frequency contributed to 21% of complex cases and 12% of isolated CDH cases. The burden of de novo variants was higher in genes expressed in the developing mouse diaphragm and heart. Some overlap with genes responsible for congenital heart defects and neurodevelopmental disorders was observed in CDH patients within our cohorts. We propose that de novo variants contribute significantly to the development of CDH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Longoni
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. .,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Frances A High
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hongjian Qi
- Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maliackal P Joy
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Regis Hila
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caroline M Coletti
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Julia Wynn
- Departments of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maria Loscertales
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Linshan Shan
- Departments of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Jay M Wilson
- Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yufeng Shen
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wendy K Chung
- Departments of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Patricia K Donahoe
- Pediatric Surgical Research Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
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López IP, Piñeiro-Hermida S, Pais RS, Torrens R, Hoeflich A, Pichel JG. Involvement of Igf1r in Bronchiolar Epithelial Regeneration: Role during Repair Kinetics after Selective Club Cell Ablation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166388. [PMID: 27861515 PMCID: PMC5115747 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Regeneration of lung epithelium is vital for maintaining airway function and integrity. An imbalance between epithelial damage and repair is at the basis of numerous chronic lung diseases such as asthma, COPD, pulmonary fibrosis and lung cancer. IGF (Insulin-like Growth Factors) signaling has been associated with most of these respiratory pathologies, although their mechanisms of action in this tissue remain poorly understood. Expression profiles analyses of IGF system genes performed in mouse lung support their functional implication in pulmonary ontogeny. Immuno-localization revealed high expression levels of Igf1r (Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 Receptor) in lung epithelial cells, alveolar macrophages and smooth muscle. To further understand the role of Igf1r in pulmonary homeostasis, two distinct lung epithelial-specific Igf1r mutant mice were generated and studied. The lack of Igf1r disturbed airway epithelial differentiation in adult mice, and revealed enhanced proliferation and altered morphology in distal airway club cells. During recovery after naphthalene-induced club cell injury, the kinetics of terminal bronchiolar epithelium regeneration was hindered in Igf1r mutants, revealing increased proliferation and delayed differentiation of club and ciliated cells. Amid airway restoration, lungs of Igf1r deficient mice showed increased levels of Igf1, Insr, Igfbp3 and epithelial precursor markers, reduced amounts of Scgb1a1 protein, and alterations in IGF signaling mediators. These results support the role of Igf1r in controlling the kinetics of cell proliferation and differentiation during pulmonary airway epithelial regeneration after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Icíar P López
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de la Rioja (CIBIR), Fundación Rioja Salud, Logroño, Spain
| | - Sergio Piñeiro-Hermida
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de la Rioja (CIBIR), Fundación Rioja Salud, Logroño, Spain
| | - Rosete S Pais
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de la Rioja (CIBIR), Fundación Rioja Salud, Logroño, Spain
| | - Raquel Torrens
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de la Rioja (CIBIR), Fundación Rioja Salud, Logroño, Spain
| | - Andreas Hoeflich
- Institute of Genome Biology, Leibniz-Institute for Farm Animal Biology (FBN), Dummerstorf, Germany
| | - José G Pichel
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de la Rioja (CIBIR), Fundación Rioja Salud, Logroño, Spain
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Pais RS, Moreno-Barriuso N, Hernández-Porras I, López IP, De Las Rivas J, Pichel JG. Transcriptome analysis in prenatal IGF1-deficient mice identifies molecular pathways and target genes involved in distal lung differentiation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e83028. [PMID: 24391734 PMCID: PMC3877002 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0083028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Insulin-like Growth Factor 1 (IGF1) is a multifunctional regulator of somatic growth and development throughout evolution. IGF1 signaling through IGF type 1 receptor (IGF1R) controls cell proliferation, survival and differentiation in multiple cell types. IGF1 deficiency in mice disrupts lung morphogenesis, causing altered prenatal pulmonary alveologenesis. Nevertheless, little is known about the cellular and molecular basis of IGF1 activity during lung development. Methods/Principal Findings Prenatal Igf1−/− mutant mice with a C57Bl/6J genetic background displayed severe disproportional lung hypoplasia, leading to lethal neonatal respiratory distress. Immuno-histological analysis of their lungs showed a thickened mesenchyme, alterations in extracellular matrix deposition, thinner smooth muscles and dilated blood vessels, which indicated immature and delayed distal pulmonary organogenesis. Transcriptomic analysis of Igf1−/− E18.5 lungs using RNA microarrays identified deregulated genes related to vascularization, morphogenesis and cellular growth, and to MAP-kinase, Wnt and cell-adhesion pathways. Up-regulation of immunity-related genes was verified by an increase in inflammatory markers. Increased expression of Nfib and reduced expression of Klf2, Egr1 and Ctgf regulatory proteins as well as activation of ERK2 MAP-kinase were corroborated by Western blot. Among IGF-system genes only IGFBP2 revealed a reduction in mRNA expression in mutant lungs. Immuno-staining patterns for IGF1R and IGF2, similar in both genotypes, correlated to alterations found in specific cell compartments of Igf1−/− lungs. IGF1 addition to Igf1−/− embryonic lungs cultured ex vivo increased airway septa remodeling and distal epithelium maturation, processes accompanied by up-regulation of Nfib and Klf2 transcription factors and Cyr61 matricellular protein. Conclusions/Significance We demonstrated the functional tissue specific implication of IGF1 on fetal lung development in mice. Results revealed novel target genes and gene networks mediators of IGF1 action on pulmonary cellular proliferation, differentiation, adhesion and immunity, and on vascular and distal epithelium maturation during prenatal lung development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosete Sofía Pais
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de la Rioja, Fundación Rioja Salud, Logroño, Spain
| | - Nuria Moreno-Barriuso
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer - Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas – University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Isabel Hernández-Porras
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer - Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas – University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Icíar Paula López
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de la Rioja, Fundación Rioja Salud, Logroño, Spain
| | - Javier De Las Rivas
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular del Cáncer - Centro de Investigación del Cáncer, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas – University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - José García Pichel
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de la Rioja, Fundación Rioja Salud, Logroño, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Mujahid S, Logvinenko T, Volpe MV, Nielsen HC. miRNA regulated pathways in late stage murine lung development. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2013; 13:13. [PMID: 23617334 PMCID: PMC3644234 DOI: 10.1186/1471-213x-13-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs play important roles in regulating biological processes, including organ morphogenesis and maturation. However, little is known about specific pathways regulated by miRNA during lung development. Between the canalicular and saccular stages of the developing lung several important cellular events occur, including the onset of surfactant synthesis, microvascular remodeling and structural preparation for subsequent alveolarization. The miRNAs that are actively regulated, and the identity of their targets during this important developmental interval in the lung remain elusive. Results Using TLDA low density real-time PCR arrays, the expression of 376 miRNAs in male and female fetal mouse lungs of gestational days E15 – E18 were profiled. Statistical analyses identified 25 and 37 miRNAs that changed significantly between sexes and with gestation, respectively. In silico analysis using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) identified specific pathways and networks known to be targets of these miRNAs which are important to lung development. Pathways that are targeted by sex regulated miRNAs include retinoin, IGFR1, Tp53 and Akt. Pathways targeted by gestation-regulated miRNAs include VEGFA and mediators of glucose metabolism. Conclusion MiRNAs are differentially regulated across time and between sexes during the canalicular and saccular stages of lung development. Sex-associated differential miRNA expression may regulate the differences in structural and functional male and female lung development, as shown by networks generated using in silico analysis. These data provide a valuable resource to further enhance the understanding of miRNA control of lung development and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Mujahid
- Program in Cell, Molecular and Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Epaud R, Aubey F, Xu J, Chaker Z, Clemessy M, Dautin A, Ahamed K, Bonora M, Hoyeau N, Fléjou JF, Mailleux A, Clement A, Henrion-Caude A, Holzenberger M. Knockout of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor impairs distal lung morphogenesis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e48071. [PMID: 23139760 PMCID: PMC3491012 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 09/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and -II) are pleiotropic regulators of somatic growth and development in vertebrate species. Endocrine and paracrine effects of both hormones are mediated by a common IGF type 1 receptor (IGF-1R). Lethal respiratory failure in neonatal IGF-1R knockout mice suggested a particular role for this receptor in pulmonary development, and we therefore investigated the consequences of IGF-1R inactivation in lung tissue. Methods and Findings We first generated compound heterozygous mutant mice harboring a hypomorphic (Igf1rneo) and a null (Igf1r−) allele. These IGF-1Rneo/− mice express only 22% of normal IGF-1R levels and are viable. In adult IGF-1Rneo/− mice, we assessed lung morphology and respiratory physiology and found normal histomorphometric characteristics and normal breathing response to hypercapnia. We then generated homozygous IGF-1R knockout mutants (IGF-1R−/−) and analyzed their lung development during late gestation using histomorphometric and immunohistochemical methods. IGF-1R−/− embryos displayed severe lung hypoplasia and markedly underdeveloped diaphragms, leading to lethal neonatal respiratory distress. Importantly, IGF-1R−/− lungs from late gestation embryos were four times smaller than control lungs and showed markedly thickened intersaccular mesenchyme, indicating strongly delayed lung maturation. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were significantly increased in IGF-1R−/− lung tissue as compared with IGF-1R+/+ controls. Immunohistochemistry using pro-SP-C, NKX2-1, CD31 and vWF as markers revealed a delay in cell differentiation and arrest in the canalicular stage of prenatal respiratory organ development in IGF-1R−/− mutant mice. Conclusions/Significance We found that low levels of IGF-1R were sufficient to ensure normal lung development in mice. In contrast, complete absence of IGF-1R significantly delayed end-gestational lung maturation. Results indicate that IGF-1R plays essential roles in cell proliferation and timing of cell differentiation during fetal lung development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph Epaud
- INSERM UMRS 938, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- UPMC, Université Paris 6, Paris, France
- INSERM U955, Faculté de Médecine, Université Paris-Est, Créteil, France
| | - Flore Aubey
- INSERM UMRS 938, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- UPMC, Université Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Jie Xu
- INSERM UMRS 938, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- UPMC, Université Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Zayna Chaker
- INSERM UMRS 938, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- UPMC, Université Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Maud Clemessy
- INSERM UMRS 938, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- UPMC, Université Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Alexandre Dautin
- INSERM UMRS 938, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- UPMC, Université Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Karmène Ahamed
- INSERM UMRS 938, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- UPMC, Université Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Monique Bonora
- INSERM UMRS 938, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- UPMC, Université Paris 6, Paris, France
| | - Nadia Hoyeau
- UPMC, Université Paris 6, Paris, France
- APHP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Fléjou
- UPMC, Université Paris 6, Paris, France
- APHP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Paris, France
| | | | - Annick Clement
- INSERM UMRS 938, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- UPMC, Université Paris 6, Paris, France
- APHP, Hôpital Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Henrion-Caude
- INSERM UMRS 938, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- UPMC, Université Paris 6, Paris, France
- INSERM UMRS 781, Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Paris, France
| | - Martin Holzenberger
- INSERM UMRS 938, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, Paris, France
- UPMC, Université Paris 6, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Ruttenstock E, Doi T, Dingemann J, Puri P. Prenatal administration of retinoic acid upregulates insulin-like growth factor receptors in the nitrofen-induced hypoplastic lung. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 92:148-51. [PMID: 21433279 DOI: 10.1002/bdrb.20293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Accepted: 02/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary hypoplasia (PH) is the main cause of mortality in newborns with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). Prenatal administration of retinoic acid (RA) stimulates alveologenesis in the nitrofen-induced pulmonary hypoplasia. Insulin-like growth factor receptors (IGFRs) play a crucial role in alveologenesis during lung development. We recently demonstrated that IGFRs were downregulated in later stages of lung development in the nitrofen CDH model. Several studies suggest the ability of RA to regulate insulin-like growth factor signaling. We hypothesized that IGFRs pulmonary gene expression is upregulated after the administration of RA in the nitrofen-induced CDH model. METHODS Pregnant rats were exposed to either olive oil or nitrofen on day 9 (D9) of gestation. RA was given intraperitoneally on days D18, D19, and D20. Fetal lungs were dissected on D21 and divided into control, control + RA, CDH, and CDH + RA group. IGFRs gene and protein expression were determined using RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS mRNA expression levels of IGFRs were significantly increased in control + RA and CDH + RA compared with CDH group. Immunoreactivity of IGFRs was markedly increased in control + RA and CDH + RA compared with CDH lungs. CONCLUSIONS Upregulation of pulmonary gene and protein expression of IGFRs after prenatal RA treatment in the nitrofen model suggests that RA may promote lung growth by stimulating IGFRs mediated alveologenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elke Ruttenstock
- National Children's Research Centre, Our Lady's Children's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Esumi G, Masumoto K, Teshiba R, Nagata K, Kinoshita Y, Yamaza H, Nonaka K, Taguchi T. Effect of insulin-like growth factors on lung development in a nitrofen-induced CDH rat model. Pediatr Surg Int 2011; 27:187-92. [PMID: 21046115 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-010-2791-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Both the mortality and morbidity associated with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) are mainly caused by pulmonary hypoplasia and persistent pulmonary hypertension. A previous study revealed that insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) play important roles in fetal lung development. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of IGF-1 and IGF-2 on tissue cultures of fetal hypoplastic lungs obtained from nitrofen-induced CDH model rats. METHODS Pregnant rats were exposed to nitrofen on day 9 of gestation (D9). Fetuses were harvested on D18 by caesarian section. Lung specimens of the CDH (+) fetus were divided into three groups; control, IGF-1, and IGF-2. The specimens from the control group were cultured in culture medium without IGFs. The IGF-1 group specimens were cultured with IGF-1 (500 ng/ml), and those in the IGF-2 group were cultured with IGF-2 (500 ng/ml). The mRNA expression of TTF-1, T1α and α-SMA were analyzed in each group using real-time RT-PCR after 24 and 48 h of incubation. Immunohistochemical staining of these markers was also assessed for each of the cultured specimens. RESULTS There was a significant increase in the expression of both TTF-1 and T1α mRNA in the IGF-2 group, in comparison to the control group after 48 h of culture. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the cell morphology was changed from cuboidal to squamous type in the IGF-2 group. CONCLUSIONS An increased mRNA expression of the markers related to type 1 and 2 alveolar epithelial cells, and morphological changes in the epithelial cells were observed in the IGF-2 group. The administration of IGF-2 to nitrofen-induced hypoplastic lungs might lead to alveolar maturation, which thus results in their improved development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genshiro Esumi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Reproductive and Developmental Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka, 812-8582, Japan.
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Abstract
AIM To review provide an overview of the etiology and current strategies in the management of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). METHODS We did a comprehensive review of research trends, evidence based studies and epidemiologic studies. RESULTS CDH is a life-threatening pathology in infants, and a major cause of death due to the pulmonary hypoplasia and pulmonary hypertension. There is much research related to elucidating the etiology of CDH and developing management strategies to improve the outcomes in these infants. CONCLUSION An early diagnosis with increased understanding of this disease is a crucial factor for a timely approach to managing the critically ill infant, and to offer the potential for improved outcomes and substantial reductions in morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Gaxiola
- Universidad Autonoma de Baja California, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
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10
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Altered surfactant protein A gene expression and protein homeostasis in rats with emphysematous changes. Chin Med J (Engl) 2008. [DOI: 10.1097/00029330-200807010-00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Insulin-like growth factor-I and complications of prematurity: a focus on bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Clin Chem Lab Med 2008; 46:1061-6. [DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2008.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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