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López-Contreras F, Muñoz-Uribe M, Pérez-Laines J, Ascencio-Leal L, Rivera-Dictter A, Martin-Martin A, Burgos RA, Alarcon P, López-Muñoz R. Searching for Drug Synergy Against Cancer Through Polyamine Metabolism Impairment: Insight Into the Metabolic Effect of Indomethacin on Lung Cancer Cells. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1670. [PMID: 32256343 PMCID: PMC7093016 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most lethal and prevalent type of lung cancer. In almost all types of cancer, the levels of polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, and spermine) are increased, playing a pivotal role in tumor proliferation. Indomethacin, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, increases the abundance of an enzyme termed spermidine/spermine-N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT) encoded by the SAT1 gene. This enzyme is a key player in the export of polyamines from the cell. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of indomethacin on two NSCLC cell lines, and their combinatory potential with polyamine-inhibitor drugs in NSCLC cell lines. A549 and H1299 NSCLC cells were exposed to indomethacin and evaluations included SAT1 expression, SSAT levels, and the metabolic status of cells. Moreover, the difference in polyamine synthesis enzymes among these cell lines as well as the synergistic effect of indomethacin and chemical inhibitors of the polyamine pathway enzymes on cell viability were investigated. Indomethacin increased the expression of SAT1 and levels of SSAT in both cell lines. In A549 cells, it significantly reduced the levels of putrescine and spermidine. However, in H1299 cells, the impact of treatment on the polyamine pathway was insignificant. Also, the metabolic features upstream of the polyamine pathway (i.e., ornithine and methionine) were increased. In A549 cells, the increase of ornithine correlated with the increase of several metabolites involved in the urea cycle. Evaluation of the levels of the polyamine synthesis enzymes showed that ornithine decarboxylase is increased in A549 cells, whereas S-adenosylmethionine-decarboxylase and polyamine oxidase are increased in H1299 cells. This observation correlated with relative resistance to polyamine synthesis inhibitors eflornithine and SAM486 (inhibitors of ornithine decarboxylase and S-adenosyl-L-methionine decarboxylase, respectively), and MDL72527 (inhibitor of polyamine oxidase and spermine oxidase). Finally, indomethacin demonstrated a synergistic effect with MDL72527 in A549 cells and SAM486 in H1299 cells. Collectively, these results indicate that indomethacin alters polyamine metabolism in NSCLC cells and enhances the effect of polyamine synthesis inhibitors, such as MDL72527 or SAM486. However, this effect varies depending on the basal metabolic fingerprint of each type of cancer cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Freddy López-Contreras
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.,Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Escuela de Graduados, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Matías Muñoz-Uribe
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Jorge Pérez-Laines
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Laura Ascencio-Leal
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Andrés Rivera-Dictter
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Antonia Martin-Martin
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Rafael A Burgos
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Pablo Alarcon
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Rodrigo López-Muñoz
- Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Instituto de Farmacología y Morfofisiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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Gurram B, Li M, Fan J, Wang J, Peng X. Near-infrared fluorescent probe for fast track of cyclooxygenase-2 in Golgi apparatus in cancer cells. Front Chem Sci Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s11705-019-1796-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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3
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Bae DH, Lane DJR, Jansson PJ, Richardson DR. The old and new biochemistry of polyamines. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:2053-2068. [PMID: 29890242 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 06/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Polyamines are ubiquitous positively charged amines found in all organisms. These molecules play a crucial role in many biological functions including cell growth, gene regulation and differentiation. The three major polyamines produced in all mammalian cells are putrescine, spermidine and spermine. The intracellular levels of these polyamines depend on the interplay of the biosynthetic and catabolic enzymes of the polyamine and methionine salvage pathway, as well as the involvement of polyamine transporters. Polyamine levels are observed to be high in cancer cells, which contributes to malignant transformation, cell proliferation and poor patient prognosis. Considering the critical roles of polyamines in cancer cell proliferation, numerous anti-polyaminergic compounds have been developed as anti-tumor agents, which seek to suppress polyamine levels by specifically inhibiting polyamine biosynthesis, activating polyamine catabolism, or blocking polyamine transporters. However, in terms of the development of effective anti-cancer therapeutics targeting the polyamine system, these efforts have unfortunately resulted in little success. Recently, several studies using the iron chelators, O-trensox and ICL670A (Deferasirox), have demonstrated a decline in both iron and polyamine levels. Since iron levels are also high in cancer cells, and like polyamines, are required for proliferation, these latter findings suggest a biochemically integrated link between iron and polyamine metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hun Bae
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, The Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Darius J R Lane
- Melbourne Dementia Research Centre, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Kenneth Myer Building, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| | - Patric J Jansson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, The Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Des R Richardson
- Molecular Pharmacology and Pathology Program, Department of Pathology and Bosch Institute, The Medical Foundation Building (K25), University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia; Department of Pathology and Biological Responses, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan.
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4
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Gurram B, Zhang S, Li M, Li H, Xie Y, Cui H, Du J, Fan J, Wang J, Peng X. Celecoxib Conjugated Fluorescent Probe for Identification and Discrimination of Cyclooxygenase-2 Enzyme in Cancer Cells. Anal Chem 2018; 90:5187-5193. [PMID: 29587478 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b05337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is an enzyme overexpressed in most types of cancers and has been used for an excellent targetable biomarker. Celecoxib is an effective inhibitor of COX-2, used in anti-inflammation. Herein we report a one and two-photon fluorescence probe (NP-C6-CXB) for COX-2, based on the conjugation of naphthalamide with Celecoxib, by using flexible hexylene linker. NP-C6-CXB is nonfluorescent in buffer solution and normal cells, while it shows bright fluorescence in solutions and cancer cells in the presence of COX-2 with an excellent selectivity. Interestingly, NP-C6-CXB can discriminate cancer cells (MCF-7) from normal cells (COS-7) in the single culture medium under confocal microscopy. Due to the selective binding affinity of NP-C6-CXB with a COX-2 enzyme, the intensity is proportional to the level of COX-2 enzyme in cancer cells. In vivo and in vitro experiments proved that NP-C6-CXB is a potential tool for identification of tumor and might be used in surgical resection of COX-2 expressed tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Gurram
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road , High-Tech District, Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Shuangzhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road , High-Tech District, Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Miao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road , High-Tech District, Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Haidong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road , High-Tech District, Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Yahui Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road , High-Tech District, Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Hongyan Cui
- Department School of Life Science and Biotechnology , Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road , High-Tech District, Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Jianjun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road , High-Tech District, Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Jiangli Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road , High-Tech District, Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Jingyun Wang
- Department School of Life Science and Biotechnology , Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road , High-Tech District, Dalian 116024 , China
| | - Xiaojun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals , Dalian University of Technology , 2 Linggong Road , High-Tech District, Dalian 116024 , China
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Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of how the polyamine pathway has been exploited as a target for the treatment and prevention of multiple forms of cancer, since this pathway is disrupted in all cancers. It is divided into three main sections. The first explores how the polyamine pathway has been targeted for chemotherapy, starting from the first drug to target it, difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) to the large variety of polyamine analogues that have been synthesised and tested throughout the years with all their potentials and pitfalls. The second section focuses on the use of polyamines as vectors for drug delivery. Knowing that the polyamine transport system is upregulated in cancers and that polyamines naturally bind to DNA, a range of polyamine analogues and polyamine-like structures have been synthesised to target epigenetic regulators, with encouraging results. Furthermore, the use of polyamines as transport vectors to introduce toxic/bioactive/fluorescent agents more selectively to the intended target in cancer cells is discussed. The last section concentrates on chemoprevention, where the different strategies that have been undertaken to interfere with polyamine metabolism and function for antiproliferative intervention are outlined and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Damiani
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.,Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Heather M Wallace
- School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.
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Extracellular polyamines-induced proliferation and migration of cancer cells by ODC, SSAT, and Akt1-mediated pathway. Anticancer Drugs 2017; 28:457-464. [PMID: 28157137 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000000465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
High levels of polyamines were observed and were related to a poor prognosis in cancer patients. However, the mechanism is not obvious. The aim of this study is to mimic the extracellular polyamines in a tumor microenviroment and to explore the role of extracellular polyamines in the proliferation and migration of cancer cells. Three different concentrations of polyamines composed of putrescine, spermidine, and spermine were used. Colony formation assay, wound healing assay, and transwell migration assay were performed. Akt1-overexpression cells were constructed. The related protein expression was examined using a western blot. In this study, polyamines promoted colony formation and cell migration in a concentration-dependent and time-dependent manner. Polyamines upregulated the expression of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), SSAT, Akt1, Akt, hypoxia-inducible factors-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor, and matrix metalloproteinases, and downregulated p27 expression. The effects of combination of polyamines and Akt1 overexpression on colony formation and migration were more obvious than the effects of Akt1 overexpression alone. In Akt1-overexpression cells, polyamines also upregulated the expression of ODC, SSAT, hypoxia-inducible factors-1α, vascular endothelial growth factor, and matrix metalloproteinases and downregulated p27 expression. In conclusion, extracellular polyamines induced proliferation and cancer cell migration by inducing ODC and SSAT expression, and the Akt1-mediated pathway.
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Apigenin Inhibits Human SW620 Cell Growth by Targeting Polyamine Catabolism. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 2017:3684581. [PMID: 28572828 PMCID: PMC5442336 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3684581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Apigenin is a nonmutagenic flavonoid that has antitumor properties. Polyamines are ubiquitous cellular polycations, which play an important role in the proliferation and differentiation of cancer cells. Highly regulated pathways control the biosynthesis and degradation of polyamines. Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the metabolism, and spermidine/spermine-N1-Acetyl transferase (SSAT) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the catabolism of polyamines. In the current study, the effect of increasing concentrations of apigenin on polyamine levels, ODC and SSAT protein expression, mRNA expression, cell proliferation and apoptosis, and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was investigated in SW620 colon cancer cells. The results showed that apigenin significantly reduced cell proliferation, decreased the levels of spermidine and spermine, and increased previously downregulated putrescine contents. Apigenin also enhanced SSAT protein and mRNA levels and the production of reactive oxygen species in SW620 cells, though it had no significant effect on the levels of ODC protein or mRNA. Apigenin appears to decrease the proliferation rate of human SW620 cells by facilitating SSAT expression to induce polyamine catabolism and increasing ROS levels to induce cell apoptosis.
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Blocking COX-2 induces apoptosis and inhibits cell proliferation via the Akt/survivin- and Akt/ID3 pathway in low-grade-glioma. J Neurooncol 2017; 132:231-238. [PMID: 28283800 PMCID: PMC6763415 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-017-2380-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Approximately half of surgically-treated patients with low-grade-glioma (LGG) suffer recurrence or metastasis. Currently there is no effective drug treatment. While the selective COX-2 inhibitor celecoxib showed anti-neoplastic activity against several malignant tumors, its effects against LGG remain to be elucidated. Ours is the first report that the expression level of COX-2 in brain tissue samples from patients with LGG and in LGG cell lines is higher than in the non-neoplastic region and in normal brain cells. We found that celecoxib attenuated LGG cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. It inhibited the generation of prostaglandin E2 and induced apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest. We also show that celecoxib hampered the activation of the Akt/survivin- and the Akt/ID3 pathway in LGGs. These findings suggest that celecoxib may have a promising therapeutic potential and that the early treatment of LGG patients with the drug may be beneficial.
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Guo J, Yu W, Su H, Pang X. Genomic landscape of gastric cancer: molecular classification and potential targets. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2016; 60:126-137. [PMID: 27460193 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-016-0034-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Gastric cancer imposes a considerable health burden worldwide, and its mortality ranks as the second highest for all types of cancers. The limited knowledge of the molecular mechanisms underlying gastric cancer tumorigenesis hinders the development of therapeutic strategies. However, ongoing collaborative sequencing efforts facilitate molecular classification and unveil the genomic landscape of gastric cancer. Several new drivers and tumorigenic pathways in gastric cancer, including chromatin remodeling genes, RhoA-related pathways, TP53 dysregulation, activation of receptor tyrosine kinases, stem cell pathways and abnormal DNA methylation, have been revealed. These newly identified genomic alterations await translation into clinical diagnosis and targeted therapies. Considering that loss-of-function mutations are intractable, synthetic lethality could be employed when discussing feasible therapeutic strategies. Although many challenges remain to be tackled, we are optimistic regarding improvements in the prognosis and treatment of gastric cancer in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Weiwei Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Hui Su
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xiufeng Pang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China.
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10
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Chen P, Wang BL, Pan BS, Guo W. MiR-1297 regulates the growth, migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells by targeting cyclo-oxygenase-2. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 15:9185-90. [PMID: 25422199 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2014.15.21.9185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclo-oxygenase-2(Cox-2), a key regulator of inflammation-producing prostaglandins, promotes cell proliferation and growth. Therefore, a better understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of Cox-2 could lead to novel targeted cancer therapies. MicroRNAs are strongly implicated in colorectal cancer but their specific roles and functions have yet to be fully elucidated. MiR-1297 plays an important role in lung adenocarcinoma and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, but its significance in colorectal cancer (CRC) has yet to be reported. In our present study, we found miR-1297 to be down regulated in both CRC-derived cell lines and clinical CRC samples, when compared with normal tissues. Furthermore, miR-1297 could inhibit human colorectal cancer LOVO and HCT116 cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro and tumorigenesis in vivo by targeting Cox-2. Moreover, miR-1297 directly binds to the 3`-UTR of Cox-2, and the expression level was drastically decreased in LOVO and HCT116 cells following overexpression of miR-1297. Additionally, Cox-2 expression levels are inversely correlated with miR-1297 expression in human colorectal cancer xenograft tissues. These results imply that miR-1297 has the potential to provide a new approach to colorectal cancer therapy by directly inhibiting Cox-2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pu Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China E-mail :
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SHAO DAN, KAN MUJIE, QIAO PING, PAN YUE, WANG ZHENG, XIAO XUANANG, LI JING, CHEN LI. Celecoxib induces apoptosis via a mitochondria-dependent pathway in the H22 mouse hepatoma cell line. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:2093-8. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Battaglia V, Shields CD, Murray-Stewart T, Casero RA. Polyamine catabolism in carcinogenesis: potential targets for chemotherapy and chemoprevention. Amino Acids 2014; 46:511-9. [PMID: 23771789 PMCID: PMC3795954 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-013-1529-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Polyamines, including spermine, spermidine, and the precursor diamine, putrescine, are naturally occurring polycationic alkylamines that are required for eukaryotic cell growth, differentiation, and survival. This absolute requirement for polyamines and the need to maintain intracellular levels within specific ranges require a highly regulated metabolic pathway primed for rapid changes in response to cellular growth signals, environmental changes, and stress. Although the polyamine metabolic pathway is strictly regulated in normal cells, dysregulation of polyamine metabolism is a frequent event in cancer. Recent studies suggest that the polyamine catabolic pathway may be involved in the etiology of some epithelial cancers. The catabolism of spermine to spermidine utilizes either the one-step enzymatic reaction of spermine oxidase (SMO) or the two-step process of spermidine/spermine N (1)-acetyltransferase (SSAT) coupled with the peroxisomal enzyme N (1)-acetylpolyamine oxidase. Both catabolic pathways produce hydrogen peroxide and a reactive aldehyde that are capable of damaging DNA and other critical cellular components. The catabolic pathway also depletes the intracellular concentrations of spermidine and spermine, which are free radical scavengers. Consequently, the polyamine catabolic pathway in general and specifically SMO and SSAT provide exciting new targets for chemoprevention and/or chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Battaglia
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Christina DeStefano Shields
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
- Program in Molecular and Translational Toxicology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Tracy Murray-Stewart
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Robert A. Casero
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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Gamble LD, Hogarty MD, Liu X, Ziegler DS, Marshall G, Norris MD, Haber M. Polyamine pathway inhibition as a novel therapeutic approach to treating neuroblastoma. Front Oncol 2012. [PMID: 23181218 PMCID: PMC3499881 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2012.00162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyamines are highly regulated essential cations that are elevated in rapidly proliferating tissues, including diverse cancers. Expression analyses in neuroblastomas suggest that up-regulation of polyamine pro-synthetic enzymes and down-regulation of catabolic enzymes is associated with poor prognosis. Polyamine sufficiency may be required for MYCN oncogenicity in MYCN amplified neuroblastoma, and targeting polyamine homeostasis may therefore provide an attractive therapeutic approach. ODC1, an oncogenic MYCN target, is rate-limiting for polyamine synthesis, and is overexpressed in many cancers including neuroblastoma. Inhibition of ODC1 by difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) decreased tumor penetrance in TH-MYCN mice treated pre-emptively, and extended survival and synergized with chemotherapy in treating established tumors in both TH-MYCN and xenograft models. Efforts to augment DFMO activity, or otherwise maximally reduce polyamine levels, are focused on antagonizing polyamine uptake or augmenting polyamine export or catabolism. Since polyamine inhibition appears to be clinically well tolerated, these approaches, particularly when combined with chemotherapy, have great potential for improving neuroblastoma outcome in both MYCN amplified and non-MYCN amplified neuroblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura D Gamble
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Lowy Cancer Research Centre Sydney, NSW, Australia
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