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Zengin A, Kropp B, Chevalier Y, Junnila R, Sustarsic E, Herbach N, Fanelli F, Mezzullo M, Milz S, Bidlingmaier M, Bielohuby M. Low-carbohydrate, high-fat diets have sex-specific effects on bone health in rats. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:2307-20. [PMID: 26386685 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-1040-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Studies in humans suggest that consumption of low-carbohydrate, high-fat diets (LC-HF) could be detrimental for growth and bone health. In young male rats, LC-HF diets negatively affect bone health by impairing the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor axis (GH/IGF axis), while the effects in female rats remain unknown. Therefore, we investigated whether sex-specific effects of LC-HF diets on bone health exist. METHODS Twelve-week-old male and female Wistar rats were isoenergetically pair-fed either a control diet (CD), "Atkins-style" protein-matched diet (LC-HF-1), or ketogenic low-protein diet (LC-HF-2) for 4 weeks. In females, microcomputed tomography and histomorphometry analyses were performed on the distal femur. Sex hormones were analysed with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and endocrine parameters including GH and IGF-I were measured by immunoassay. RESULTS Trabecular bone volume, serum IGF-I and the bone formation marker P1NP were lower in male rats fed both LC-HF diets versus CD. LC-HF diets did not impair bone health in female rats, with no change in trabecular or cortical bone volume nor in serum markers of bone turnover between CD versus both LC-HF diet groups. Pituitary GH secretion was lower in female rats fed LC-HF diet, with no difference in circulating IGF-I. Circulating sex hormone concentrations remained unchanged in male and female rats fed LC-HF diets. CONCLUSION A 4-week consumption of LC-HF diets has sex-specific effects on bone health-with no effects in adult female rats yet negative effects in adult male rats. This response seems to be driven by a sex-specific effect of LC-HF diets on the GH/IGF system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Zengin
- Endocrine Research Unit, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Ziemssenstrasse 1, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Benedikt Kropp
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital of Munich (LMU), Campus Grosshadern, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Yan Chevalier
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University Hospital of Munich (LMU), Campus Grosshadern, Marchioninistrasse 15, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Riia Junnila
- Endocrine Research Unit, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Ziemssenstrasse 1, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Elahu Sustarsic
- Endocrine Research Unit, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Ziemssenstrasse 1, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Nadja Herbach
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Pathology, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Flaminia Fanelli
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Center for Applied Biomedical Research, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Mezzullo
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Center for Applied Biomedical Research, S.Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Stefan Milz
- Anatomische Anstalt, Lehrstuhl II, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Bidlingmaier
- Endocrine Research Unit, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Ziemssenstrasse 1, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Bielohuby
- Endocrine Research Unit, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, Ziemssenstrasse 1, 80336, Munich, Germany. .,R&D Diabetes Division/Insulin Biology, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Industriepark Hoechst, Bldg. H821, 65926, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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