A challenging case of severe pulmonary bleeding in a patient with congenital ventricular septal defect (VSD) and Eisenmenger syndrome: extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support and weaning strategies

Simple equations to predict the effects of veno-venous ECMO in decompensated Eisenmenger syndrome

Adult patients with uncorrected congenital heart diseases and chronic intracardiac shunt may develop Eisenmenger syndrome (ES) due to progressive increase of pulmonary vascular resistance, with significant morbidity and mortality. Acute decompensation of ES in conditions promoting a further increase of pulmonary vascular resistance, such as pulmonary embolism or pneumonia, can precipitate major arterial hypoxia and death. In such conditions, increasing systemic oxygenation with veno‐venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV‐ECMO) could be life‐saving, serving as a bridge to treat a potential reversible cause for the decompensation, or to urgent lung transplantation. Anticipating the effects of VV‐ECMO in this setting could ease the clinical decision to initiate such therapeutic strategy. Here, we present a series of equations to accurately predict the effects of VV‐ECMO on arterial oxygenation in ES and illustrate this point by a case of ES decompensation with refractory hypoxaemia consecutive to an acute respiratory failure due to viral pneumonia.