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Smith AR, Hinojosa Briseño A, Picard M, Cardenas A. The prenatal environment and its influence on maternal and child mitochondrial DNA copy number and methylation: A review of the literature. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 227:115798. [PMID: 37001851 PMCID: PMC10164709 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is sensitive to environmental stressors and associated with human health. We reviewed epidemiological literature examining associations between prenatal environmental, dietary, and social exposures and alterations in maternal/child mtDNA copy number (mtDNAcn) and mtDNA methylation. Evidence exists that prenatal maternal exposures are associated with alterations in mtDNAcn for air pollution, chemicals (e.g. metals), cigarette smoke, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and treatment. Evidence for their associations with mtDNA methylation was limited. Given its potential implications as a disease pathway biomarker, studies with sufficient biological specificity should examine the long-term implications of prenatal and early-life mtDNA alterations in response to prenatal exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna R Smith
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Alejandra Hinojosa Briseño
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, California State University, Northridge, Northridge, CA, USA
| | - Martin Picard
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Behavioral Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Andres Cardenas
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.
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Liu M, Luo P, Liu L, Wei X, Bai X, Li J, Wu L, Luo M. Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases and leukocyte telomere length: A Mendelian randomization study. Front Genet 2023; 14:1129247. [PMID: 37139230 PMCID: PMC10150136 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1129247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: To elucidate the potential causality of leukocyte telomere length (LTL) with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs), we conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study. Methods: The genetically predicted causation between LTL and IMIDs was evaluated using a two-sample MR method. We analyzed 16 major IMIDs, which included systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn's disease (CD), ankylosing spondylitis (AS), sicca syndrome (SS), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), type 1 diabetes (T1D), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), atopic dermatitis (AD), sarcoidosis, hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, psoriasis, and childhood asthma. The random-effects inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was performed as the main analytical approach in MR. Various sensitivity analyses, including MR-Egger, MR robust adjusted profile score (MR-RAPS), weighted median, MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) methods, weighted mode, radial plot, and radial regression, were used to guarantee the robustness of the results and detect horizontal pleiotropy. Cochran's Q value was calculated to check for heterogeneity, and the MR Steiger approach was used to test the causal direction. Results: The MR results indicated significant inverse associations of LTL with risks of psoriasis (OR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.66-0.89, and p = 3.66 × 10-4), SS (OR: 0.75, CI: 0.58-0.98, and p = 0.03), RA (OR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.68-0.88, and p = 9.85 × 10-5), hypothyroidism (OR: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.78-0.91, and p = 7,08 × 10-6), hyperthyroidism (OR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.44-0.83, and p = 1.90 × 10-3), sarcoidosis (OR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.54-0.83, and p = 2.60 × 10-4), and IPF (OR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.29-0.58, and p = 4.11 × 10-7) in the FinnGen study. We observed that longer LTL was associated with an increased risk of AS susceptibility (OR: 1.51, 95% CI: 1.18-1.94, and p = 9.66 × 10-4). The results of the IVW method showed no causal relationship between TL and SLE (OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.62-1.38, and p = 0.69) in the FinnGen study; however, a significantly positive correlation was shown between LTL and SLE in another larger GWAS (OR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.37-2.54, and p = 8.01 × 10-5). Conclusion: Our findings reveal that abnormal LTL has the potential to increase the risk of IMIDs. Therefore, it could be treated as a predictor and may provide new potential treatment targets for IMIDs. However, the change of LTL may not be the direct cause of IMIDs. Further studies should aim at the pathogenic mechanism or potential protective effects of LTL in IMIDs.
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Guzonjić A, Sopić M, Ostanek B, Kotur-Stevuljević J. Telomere length as a biomarker of aging and diseases. ARHIV ZA FARMACIJU 2022. [DOI: 10.5937/arhfarm72-36376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
As research related to healthspan and lifespan has become a hot topic, the necessity for a reliable and practical biomarker of aging (BoA), which can provide information about mortality and morbidity risk, along with remaining life expectancy, has increased. The chromosome terminus non-coding protective structure that prevents genomic instability is called a telomere. The continual shortening of telomeres, which affects their structure as well as function, is a hallmark of agedness. The aforementioned process is a potential cause of age-related diseases (ARDs), leading to a bad prognosis and a low survival rate, which compromise health and longevity. Hence, studies scrutinizing the BoAs often include telomere length (TL) as a prospective candidate. The results of these studies suggest that TL measurement can only provide an approximate appraisal of the aging rate, and its implementation into clinical practice and routine use as a BoA has many limitations and challenges. Nevertheless, measuring TL while determining other biomarkers can be used to assess biological age. This review focuses on the importance of telomeres in health, senescence, and diseases, as well as on summarizing the results and conclusions of previous studies evaluating TL as a potential BoA.
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Ruiz A, Flores-Gonzalez J, Buendia-Roldan I, Chavez-Galan L. Telomere Shortening and Its Association with Cell Dysfunction in Lung Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:425. [PMID: 35008850 PMCID: PMC8745057 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Telomeres are localized at the end of chromosomes to provide genome stability; however, the telomere length tends to be shortened with each cell division inducing a progressive telomere shortening (TS). In addition to age, other factors, such as exposure to pollutants, diet, stress, and disruptions in the shelterin protein complex or genes associated with telomerase induce TS. This phenomenon favors cellular senescence and genotoxic stress, which increases the risk of the development and progression of lung diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, SARS-CoV-2 infection, and lung cancer. In an infectious environment, immune cells that exhibit TS are associated with severe lymphopenia and death, whereas in a noninfectious context, naïve T cells that exhibit TS are related to cancer progression and enhanced inflammatory processes. In this review, we discuss how TS modifies the function of the immune system cells, making them inefficient in maintaining homeostasis in the lung. Finally, we discuss the advances in drug and gene therapy for lung diseases where TS could be used as a target for future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Leslie Chavez-Galan
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (A.R.); (J.F.-G.); (I.B.-R.)
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Wang L, Lu Z, Zhao J, Schank M, Cao D, Dang X, Nguyen LN, Nguyen LNT, Khanal S, Zhang J, Wu XY, El Gazzar M, Ning S, Moorman J, Yao ZQ. Selective oxidative stress induces dual damage to telomeres and mitochondria in human T cells. Aging Cell 2021; 20:e13513. [PMID: 34752684 PMCID: PMC8672791 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress caused by excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) accelerates telomere erosion and mitochondrial injury, leading to impaired cellular functions and cell death. Whether oxidative stress‐mediated telomere erosion induces mitochondrial injury, or vice versa, in human T cells—the major effectors of host adaptive immunity against infection and malignancy—is poorly understood due to the pleiotropic effects of ROS. Here we employed a novel chemoptogenetic tool that selectively produces a single oxygen (1O2) only at telomeres or mitochondria in Jurkat T cells. We found that targeted 1O2 production at telomeres triggered not only telomeric DNA damage but also mitochondrial dysfunction, resulting in T cell apoptotic death. Conversely, targeted 1O2 formation at mitochondria induced not only mitochondrial injury but also telomeric DNA damage, leading to cellular crisis and apoptosis. Targeted oxidative stress at either telomeres or mitochondria increased ROS production, whereas blocking ROS formation during oxidative stress reversed the telomeric injury, mitochondrial dysfunction, and cellular apoptosis. Notably, the X‐ray repair cross‐complementing protein 1 (XRCC1) in the base excision repair (BER) pathway and multiple mitochondrial proteins in other cellular pathways were dysregulated by the targeted oxidative stress. By confining singlet 1O2 formation to a single organelle, this study suggests that oxidative stress induces dual injury in T cells via crosstalk between telomeres and mitochondria. Further identification of these oxidation pathways may offer a novel approach to preserve mitochondrial functions, protect telomere integrity, and maintain T cell survival, which can be exploited to combat various immune aging‐associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity Quillen College of Medicine East Tennessee State University Johnson City Tennessee USA
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases Department of Internal Medicine Quillen College of Medicine East Tennessee State University Johnson City Tennessee USA
| | - Zeyuan Lu
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity Quillen College of Medicine East Tennessee State University Johnson City Tennessee USA
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases Department of Internal Medicine Quillen College of Medicine East Tennessee State University Johnson City Tennessee USA
| | - Juan Zhao
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity Quillen College of Medicine East Tennessee State University Johnson City Tennessee USA
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases Department of Internal Medicine Quillen College of Medicine East Tennessee State University Johnson City Tennessee USA
| | - Madison Schank
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity Quillen College of Medicine East Tennessee State University Johnson City Tennessee USA
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases Department of Internal Medicine Quillen College of Medicine East Tennessee State University Johnson City Tennessee USA
| | - Dechao Cao
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity Quillen College of Medicine East Tennessee State University Johnson City Tennessee USA
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases Department of Internal Medicine Quillen College of Medicine East Tennessee State University Johnson City Tennessee USA
| | - Xindi Dang
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity Quillen College of Medicine East Tennessee State University Johnson City Tennessee USA
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases Department of Internal Medicine Quillen College of Medicine East Tennessee State University Johnson City Tennessee USA
| | - Lam Nhat Nguyen
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity Quillen College of Medicine East Tennessee State University Johnson City Tennessee USA
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases Department of Internal Medicine Quillen College of Medicine East Tennessee State University Johnson City Tennessee USA
| | - Lam Ngoc Thao Nguyen
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity Quillen College of Medicine East Tennessee State University Johnson City Tennessee USA
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases Department of Internal Medicine Quillen College of Medicine East Tennessee State University Johnson City Tennessee USA
| | - Sushant Khanal
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity Quillen College of Medicine East Tennessee State University Johnson City Tennessee USA
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases Department of Internal Medicine Quillen College of Medicine East Tennessee State University Johnson City Tennessee USA
| | - Jinyu Zhang
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity Quillen College of Medicine East Tennessee State University Johnson City Tennessee USA
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases Department of Internal Medicine Quillen College of Medicine East Tennessee State University Johnson City Tennessee USA
| | - Xiao Y. Wu
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity Quillen College of Medicine East Tennessee State University Johnson City Tennessee USA
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases Department of Internal Medicine Quillen College of Medicine East Tennessee State University Johnson City Tennessee USA
| | - Mohamed El Gazzar
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity Quillen College of Medicine East Tennessee State University Johnson City Tennessee USA
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases Department of Internal Medicine Quillen College of Medicine East Tennessee State University Johnson City Tennessee USA
| | - Shunbin Ning
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity Quillen College of Medicine East Tennessee State University Johnson City Tennessee USA
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases Department of Internal Medicine Quillen College of Medicine East Tennessee State University Johnson City Tennessee USA
| | - Jonathan P. Moorman
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity Quillen College of Medicine East Tennessee State University Johnson City Tennessee USA
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases Department of Internal Medicine Quillen College of Medicine East Tennessee State University Johnson City Tennessee USA
- Hepatitis (HCV/HBV/HIV) Program Department of Veterans Affairs James H. Quillen VA Medical Center Johnson City Tennessee USA
| | - Zhi Q. Yao
- Center of Excellence in Inflammation, Infectious Disease and Immunity Quillen College of Medicine East Tennessee State University Johnson City Tennessee USA
- Division of Infectious, Inflammatory and Immunologic Diseases Department of Internal Medicine Quillen College of Medicine East Tennessee State University Johnson City Tennessee USA
- Hepatitis (HCV/HBV/HIV) Program Department of Veterans Affairs James H. Quillen VA Medical Center Johnson City Tennessee USA
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Teixeira MZ. Telomere and Telomerase: Biological Markers of Organic Vital Force State and Homeopathic Treatment Effectiveness. HOMEOPATHY 2021; 110:283-291. [PMID: 34000743 PMCID: PMC8575553 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1726008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Philosophical-scientific correlations described in previous studies suggest that the genome can be the biological representation of the vital force, whilst the disease-promoting epigenetic alterations would be the biological representation of the chronic miasmas. In this study, we expand the functional correlation between vital force and chromosomes, describing the mechanism of action of the telomere-telomerase complex in the context of physiological balance. AIMS The aim of the work is to study the role of the telomere-telomerase complex in cell vitality, biological aging, and the health-disease process, with the goal of proposing the use of telomere length as a biomarker of the vital force state and the effectiveness of homeopathic treatment. RESULTS Similar to the vital force, telomere length and telomerase enzyme activity play an important role in maintaining cellular vitality, biological longevity, and physiological homeostasis. Telomere shortening functions as a biomarker of vital imbalance and is associated with numerous diseases and health disorders. On the other hand, health-promotion practices neutralize the pathological shortening of the telomeres, acting therapeutically in diseases or age-dependent health disorders. CONCLUSIONS As a hypothetical biomarker of the vital force state, an intra-individual analysis of the mean leukocyte telomere length before, during, and after homeopathic treatment can be used as a biomarker of therapeutic effectiveness.
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Smith AR, Lin PID, Rifas-Shiman SL, Rahman ML, Gold DR, Baccarelli AA, Claus Henn B, Amarasiriwardena C, Wright RO, Coull B, Hivert MF, Oken E, Cardenas A. Prospective Associations of Early Pregnancy Metal Mixtures with Mitochondria DNA Copy Number and Telomere Length in Maternal and Cord Blood. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2021; 129:117007. [PMID: 34797165 PMCID: PMC8604047 DOI: 10.1289/ehp9294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metal exposure during pregnancy influences maternal and child health. Oxidative stress and inflammation may mediate adverse effects of heavy metals, whereas essential metals may act as antioxidants. Mitochondrial DNA is a prime target for metal-induced oxidative damage. Telomere dysfunction is attributed to imbalances between reactive oxidant species and antioxidants. OBJECTIVES We evaluated individual and joint associations of prenatal metals with mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNAcn) and telomere length (TL) in maternal and cord blood as biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress. METHODS We measured six nonessential metals (arsenic, barium, cadmium, cesium, lead, mercury) and four essential metals (magnesium, manganese, selenium, zinc) in first-trimester maternal red blood cells in Project Viva, a U.S. prebirth cohort. We measured relative mtDNAcn (n=898) and TL (n=893) in second-trimester maternal blood and mtDNAcn (n=419) and TL (n=408) in cord blood. We used multivariable linear regression and quantile g-computation to estimate associations between prenatal metals and the biomarkers. We used generalized additive models and Bayesian kernel machine regression to examine nonlinearity and interactions. RESULTS A 2-fold increase in maternal magnesium was associated with lower maternal [β=-0.07, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.10, -0.01] and cord blood (β=-0.08, 95% CI: -0.20, -0.01) mtDNAcn. Lead was associated with higher maternal mtDNAcn (β=0.04, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.06). Selenium was associated with longer cord blood TL (β=0.30, 95% CI: 0.01 0.50). An association was observed between the nonessential metal mixture and higher maternal mtDNAcn (β=0.04, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.07). There was a nonlinear relationship between cord blood mtDNAcn and magnesium; maternal mtDNAcn and barium, lead, and mercury; and maternal TL and barium. DISCUSSION Maternal exposure to metals such as lead, magnesium, and selenium was associated with mtDNAcn and TL in maternal second trimester and cord blood. Future work will evaluate whether these biomarkers are associated with child health. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP9294.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna R. Smith
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Pi-I D. Lin
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mohammad L. Rahman
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Diane R. Gold
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrea A. Baccarelli
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Birgit Claus Henn
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Chitra Amarasiriwardena
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Robert O. Wright
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Institute for Exposomic Research, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York, USA
| | - Brent Coull
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marie-France Hivert
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emily Oken
- Division of Chronic Disease Research Across the Lifecourse, Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andres Cardenas
- Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Center for Computational Biology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
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8
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Teixeira MZ. Telomere length: biological marker of cellular vitality, aging, and health-disease process. Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) 2021; 67:173-177. [PMID: 34406239 DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.67.02.20200655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aging process occurs due to the decline of vital physiological functions and adaptability of the body, being influenced by genetics and lifestyle. With advances in genetics, biological aging can be calculated by telomere length. Telomeres are regions at the ends of chromosomes that play a role in the maintenance and integrity of DNA. With biological aging, telomere shortening occurs, causing cellular senescence. Several studies show that shorter telomeres are associated with acute and chronic diseases, stress, addictions, and intoxications. Even in the current COVID-19 pandemic, telomere shortening is proposed as a marker of severity in individuals infected by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). On the other hand, healthy lifestyle habits increase telomere length and balance of various cellular functions, preventing diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Zulian Teixeira
- Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clinicas, Faculdade de Medicina - Universidade de São Paulo (SP), Brazil
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9
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Telomeres: New players in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases? J Autoimmun 2021; 123:102699. [PMID: 34265700 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaut.2021.102699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Telomeres are repetitive DNA sequences located at the ends of linear chromosomes that preserve the integrity and stability of the genome. Telomere dysfunctions due to short telomeres or altered telomere structures can ultimately lead to replicative cellular senescence and chromosomal instability, both mechanisms being hallmarks of ageing. Chronic inflammation, oxidative stress and finally telomere length (TL) dynamics have been shown to be involved in various age-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs), including affections such as inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis and uveitis belong to this group of age-related NCDs. Although in recent years, we have witnessed the emergence of studies in the literature linking these IMIDs to TL dynamics, the causality between these diseases and telomere attrition is still unclear and controversial. In this review, we provide an overview of available studies on telomere dynamics and discuss the utility of TL measurements in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases.
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To-Miles F, Håkansson C, Wagman P, Backman CL. Exploring the associations among occupational balance and health of adults with and without inflammatory arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2021; 74:22-30. [PMID: 34121370 DOI: 10.1002/acr.24732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Occupational balance is a person's subjective perception of the amount and variation of their everyday activities. Evidence suggests an association between occupational balance and health. However, the impact of arthritis on occupational balance and its association with health is unclear. This exploratory study examined associations between occupational balance and measures of health, and between-group differences, in adults with and without inflammatory arthritis (IA). METHODS In a cross-sectional study, participants completed the Occupational Balance Questionnaire (OBQ11), SF-36 Health Survey (Physical and Mental Component Scores) and provided demographic information. Telomere lengths were analyzed from dried blood spots. RESULTS 143 adults participated (67 with IA, 76 healthy comparison (HC) group). Occupational balance was higher in the HC group than the IA group (mean difference = 3.5, 95% CI = 1.0, 5.9, p = 0.01), but this difference was not statistically significant when adjusted for physical health. The association between occupational balance and physical health was stronger in the IA group (R2 = .17, p = .001) than in the HC group (R2 = .05, p = .05). Occupational balance was associated with mental health (R2 = .26, p < .001) but not associated with telomere length (R2 = .02, p = .24). CONCLUSION Occupational balance is associated with mental health for all participants and associated with physical health and disease activity in participants with IA. Attention to assessment of and strategies for improving occupational balance in rehabilitation practice and arthritis self-management programs may contribute to sustaining physical and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora To-Miles
- Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Arthritis Research Canada, Richmond, BC, Canada
| | - Carita Håkansson
- Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Sweden
| | - Petra Wagman
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Health and Welfare, Jönköping University, Sweden
| | - Catherine L Backman
- Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Arthritis Research Canada, Richmond, BC, Canada
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Zeng Z, Zhang W, Qian Y, Huang H, Wu DJH, He Z, Ye D, Mao Y, Wen C. Association of telomere length with risk of rheumatoid arthritis: a meta-analysis and Mendelian randomization. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2020; 59:940-947. [PMID: 31697380 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kez524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the telomere length (TL) in patients with RA relative to that in controls and to test whether TL is causally associated with risk of RA. METHODS Systematic review and meta-analysis of relevant literature was conducted to evaluate the association between TL and RA. Standardized mean differences with 95% CIs of TL in RA patients relative to controls were pooled using fixed or random-effects models. TL-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms were selected from a genome-wide association study of 37 684 individuals, and summary statistics of RA were obtained from a genome-wide association study meta-analysis including 14 361 RA patients and 43 923 controls. Mendelian randomization was performed using the inverse-variance weighted, weighted-median and likelihood-based methods. Sensitivity analyses were performed to test the robustness of the association. RESULTS In the meta-analysis of 911 RA patients and 2498 controls, we found that patients with RA had a significantly shorter TL compared with controls (standardized mean differences = -0.50; 95% CI -0.88, -0.11; P = 0.012). In the Mendelian randomization analysis, we found that genetically predicted longer TL was associated with a reduced risk of RA [odds ratio = 0.68; 95% CI 0.54, 0.86; P = 0.002 using the inverse-variance weighted method]. Sensitivity analyses using alternative Mendelian randomization approaches yielded similar findings, suggesting the robustness of the causal association. CONCLUSION Our study provides evidence for a negative causal association of TL with risk of RA. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanism for the role of telomeres in the development of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Zeng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wanting Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Qian
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huijun Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - David J H Wu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,University of Minnesota Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Zhixing He
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ding Ye
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yingying Mao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chengping Wen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Thompson C, Davies R, Williams A, Jones G, Choy EHS. CD28 - Cells Are Increased in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis and Are Linked With Cytomegalovirus Status. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:129. [PMID: 32432117 PMCID: PMC7214714 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: CD3+CD8+CD28− cells are higher in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). The aim of this study was to assess CD3+CD8+CD28− cells in patients with early RA and assess the effects of cytomegalovirus (CMV) seropositivity. Method: In this prospective observation study, 50 RA patients were recruited from Cardiff University Hospital of Wales (UHW) rheumatology outpatient, 25 patients with early disease (disease duration 0–6 months) and 25 patients with established disease (>2 years). These were compared with 25 healthy controls. Clinical and serological markers of inflammation were noted, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells were analyzed using flow cytometry. Results: The percentage of the CD8+CD28− T cells was increased in RA patients and was associated with disease duration. The percentage of CD8+CD28− T cells was increased in CMV positive early and established RA grouped and early RA patients in comparison to CMV negative patients (p < 0.05). There is a weak but statistically significant correlation between the percentage of CD3+CD8+CD28− cells and CRP in CMV positive RA patients (r = 0.227, p < 0.05). Conclusion: The percentage of CD8+CD28− T cells is higher in RA patients and correlates with disease duration, highlighting a potential role early in the disease process. These cells were also higher in CMV positive early RA patients which may suggest a role of CMV in disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Thompson
- CREATE Centre, Section of Rheumatology, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Ruth Davies
- CREATE Centre, Section of Rheumatology, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Anwen Williams
- CREATE Centre, Section of Rheumatology, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth Jones
- CREATE Centre, Section of Rheumatology, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom.,School of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Ernest H S Choy
- CREATE Centre, Section of Rheumatology, Division of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, United Kingdom
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13
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Talotta R, Sarzi-Puttini P, Laska MJ, Atzeni F. Retrotransposons shuttling genetic and epigenetic information from the nuclear to the mitochondrial compartment: Do they play a pathogenetic role in scleroderma? Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2019; 49:42-58. [PMID: 31677967 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous retroelements are a class of ancient defective viral insertions contained in the genome of host cells, where they account for up to 40% of all DNA. Centuries of co-existence in host genome have led to the development of immunotolerance to endogenous retroelements, most of which are defective and unable to replicate or transcribe functional proteins. However, given their capacity to move across the nuclear and mitochondrial genome and recombine, they could mix phenotypes and give rise to infections that may trigger innate and adaptive immune responses by sensing receptors capable of recognising foreign nucleic acids and proteins. It has recently been suggested that they play a role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases on the grounds of their partial reactivation or the epigenetic control of host gene transcription. A number of studies have confirmed their contribution to the development of rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus, but there is still a lack of data concerning systemic sclerosis (SSc). Their role in the pathogenesis of SSc can be hypothesised on the basis of mitochondrial and nuclear chromatinic damage, and hyper-activation of the immune pathway involved in antiviral defense. SSc is characterised by genetic and immunological evidence of a viral infection but, as no viral agent has yet been isolated from SSc patients, the hypothesis that partial reactivation of endogenous retroviruses may trigger the disease cannot be excluded and deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossella Talotta
- Rheumatology Unit, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Gaetano Martino, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98100 Messina, Italy.
| | - Piercarlo Sarzi-Puttini
- Rheumatology Unit, University Hospital ASST-Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Via G.B Grassi 74, 20157 Milan, Italy.
| | | | - Fabiola Atzeni
- Rheumatology Unit, University of Messina, Azienda Ospedaliera Gaetano Martino, Via Consolare Valeria 1, 98100 Messina, Italy.
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14
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Lee YH. Causal association between smoking behavior and the decreased risk of osteoarthritis: a Mendelian randomization. Z Rheumatol 2019; 78:461-466. [PMID: 29974223 DOI: 10.1007/s00393-018-0505-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine whether smoking behavior is causally associated with osteoarthritis. METHODS A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW), weighted median, and MR-Egger regression methods was performed. We used the publicly available summary statistics datasets of smoking behavior genome-wide association studies (GWASs; n = 85,997) as an exposure, and a GWAS in 7410 patients with osteoarthritis in the arcOGEN study and 11,009 controls of European ancestry as an outcome. RESULTS We selected four single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from GWASs of smoking behavior as instrumental variables (IVs) to improve inference. These SNPs were located at CHRNA3 (rs1051730), SLC25A5P5A9 (rs215614), CHRNB3 (rs6474412), and CYP2B6 (rs7260329). The IVW method showed evidence to support an inverse causal association between smoking behavior and osteoarthritis in the knee and hip (beta = -0.056, standard error [SE] = 0.027, p = 0.035). MR-Egger regression revealed that directional pleiotropy was unlikely to be biasing the result (intercept = -0.005; p = 0.848), but showed no causal association between smoking behavior and osteoarthritis (beta = -0.048, SE = 0.048, p = 0.427). However, the weighted median approach yielded evidence of a negative causal association between smoking behavior and osteoarthritis (beta = -0.056, SE = 0.028, p = 0.046). Cochran's Q test and the funnel plot indicated no evidence of heterogeneity between IV estimates based on the individual variants. CONCLUSION The results of MR analysis support that smoking behavior was causally associated with a reduced risk of osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ho Lee
- Department of Rheumatology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, 73, Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, 02841, Seoul, Korea (Republic of).
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15
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Petersen LE, Schuch JB, de Azeredo LA, Baptista TSA, Motta JG, do Prado AD, Bauer ME. Characterization of senescence biomarkers in rheumatoid arthritis: relevance to disease progression. Clin Rheumatol 2019; 38:2909-2915. [PMID: 31187337 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-019-04615-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been associated with early senescent features. However, the effects of disease progression on senescence markers are largely unknown. Here, we evaluated key senescence markers in RA, including telomere length and T cell differentiation stages as well as cytomegalovirus (CMV) serology, previously associated with premature aging. In a cross-sectional study, 44 patients with active (Ac-RA), 26 patients with controlled (Co-RA), and 30 healthy controls were recruited. Peripheral blood was collected and differentiation stages of T cells analyzed by multi-color flow cytometry. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to evaluate the CMV serology. The telomere length was measured by multiplex quantitative PCR. Patients with Ac-RA presented lower percentage of intermediate-differentiated T cells (CD4+CD27-CD28+ and CD8+CD27-CD28+; p < 0.001). All patients had a reduced proportion of cytotoxic T cells, and higher CD4/CD8 ratio compared with controls (p < 0.001). A lower proportion of CMV IgG+ subjects was found in the Co-RA group, (P < 0.001), although no differences in the CMV IgG titers were observed between groups. The groups had similar leukocyte telomere length. In addition, age was negatively correlated with CD8+CD27+CD28+ T (early-differentiated) cells (P < 0.05). Positive correlations between CMV IgG titers and age (P < 0.05) and CD4+CD27-CD28- T (late-differentiated) cells (P < 0.01) were observed. Furthermore, disease duration was correlated with CD4+CD27+CD28+ T cells (r = - 0.318, p < 0.05) and CD4+CD27-CD28- T cells (r = 0.308, p < 0.05). Our findings indicate that CMV and age may have a similar impact on T cells in both RA patients and controls. KEY POINTS: • Patients and controls were homogenous regarding CMV IgG titers and TL. • A lower proportion of CMV IgG+ subjects was found in the Co-RA group. • Anti-CMV levels were positively correlated with age and percentage of CD4+CD27-CD28- (late-differentiated) T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Petersen
- Laboratory of Stress Immunology, School of Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga 6681, Porto Alegre, RS, 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline B Schuch
- Laboratory of Stress Immunology, School of Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga 6681, Porto Alegre, RS, 90619-900, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Gerontology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lucas A de Azeredo
- Graduate Program in Medical and Health Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Talita S A Baptista
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory (GNCD), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Julia G Motta
- Laboratory of Stress Immunology, School of Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga 6681, Porto Alegre, RS, 90619-900, Brazil
| | - Aline D do Prado
- Rheumatology Service, Nossa Senhora da Conceição Hospital - Grupo Hospitalar Conceição (GHC), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Moisés Evandro Bauer
- Laboratory of Stress Immunology, School of Sciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Av. Ipiranga 6681, Porto Alegre, RS, 90619-900, Brazil.
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Gerontology, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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16
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Smith L, Luchini C, Demurtas J, Soysal P, Stubbs B, Hamer M, Nottegar A, Lawlor RT, Lopez-Sanchez GF, Firth J, Koyanagi A, Roberts J, Willeit P, Waldhoer T, Loosemore M, Abbs AD, Johnstone J, Yang L, Veronese N. Telomere length and health outcomes: An umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses of observational studies. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 51:1-10. [PMID: 30776454 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to map and grade evidence for the relationships between telomere length with a diverse range of health outcomes, using an umbrella review of systematic reviews with meta-analyses. We searched for meta-analyses of observational studies reporting on the association of telomere length with any health outcome (clinical disease outcomes and intermediate traits). For each association, random-effects summary effect size, 95% confidence interval (CI), and 95% prediction interval were calculated. To evaluate the credibility of the identified evidence, we assessed also heterogeneity, evidence for small-study effect and evidence for excess significance bias. Twenty-one relevant meta-analyses were identified reporting on 50 different outcomes. The level of evidence was high only for the association of short telomeres with higher risk of gastric cancer in the general population (relative risk, RR = 1.95, 95%CI: 1.68-2.26), and moderate for the association of shorter telomeres with diabetes or with Alzheimer's disease, even if limited to meta-analyses of case-control studies. There was weak evidence for twenty outcomes and not significant association for 27 health outcomes. The present umbrella review demonstrates that shorter telomere length may have an important role in incidence gastric cancer and, probably, diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. At the same time, conversely to general assumptions, it does not find strong evidence supporting the notion that shorter telomere length plays an important role in many health outcomes that have been studied thus far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Smith
- The Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Claudio Luchini
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Jacopo Demurtas
- Primary Care Department Azienda USL Toscana Sud Est, Grosseto, Italy
| | - Pinar Soysal
- Kayseri Education and Research Hospital, Geriatric Center, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Physiotherapy Department, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London SE5 8AZ, UK; Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London, UK
| | - Mark Hamer
- School Sport Exercise Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Alessia Nottegar
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pathology, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - Rita T Lawlor
- ARC-Net Research Center, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Joseph Firth
- NICM Health Research Institute, University of Western Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ai Koyanagi
- Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu/CIBERSAM, Universitat de Barcelona, Fundació Sant Joan de Déu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Justin Roberts
- The Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Peter Willeit
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas Waldhoer
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Mike Loosemore
- University College London, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Health, UK
| | | | - James Johnstone
- The Cambridge Centre for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lin Yang
- Department of Epidemiology, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicola Veronese
- National Research Council, Neuroscience Institute, Aging Branch, Padova, Italy.
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17
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Gamal RM, Hammam N, Zakary MM, Abdelaziz MM, Razek MRA, Mohamed MSE, Emad Y, Elnaggar MG, Furst DE. Telomere dysfunction-related serological markers and oxidative stress markers in rheumatoid arthritis patients: correlation with diseases activity. Clin Rheumatol 2018; 37:3239-3246. [PMID: 30328024 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-018-4318-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory autoimmune polyarthritis with progressive destruction of the synovial joints associated with systemic manifestations. RA is characterized by infiltration of the synovial joints with inflammatory immune cells with premature immunosenescence. Shorter telomere length in the peripheral blood cells and increase in the oxidative stress have been detected in patients with RA. The aim of the present study was to study the association of markers of telomere shortening and oxidative stress with RA disease activity. Sixty-one RA patients and 15 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. Demographic data, clinical examination, and disease activity status were evaluated for the RA patients. Serum levels of chitinase and NAG (telomere markers) were determined by biochemical reactions using colloidal chitin and NAG as substrates, respectively. Nitric oxide and superoxide dismutase (oxidative stress markers) were determined colometrically and spectrophotometrically, respectively, in the sera of RA patients and controls. Results were correlated with disease activity. Indices of telomere shortening and oxidative markers were significantly higher in RA patients compared to controls. These indices were correlated with signs of disease activity (including number of swollen and tender joints, DAS-28, and inflammatory markers). Rheumatoid arthritis is a disease in which markers of telomere shortening and elevated oxidant stress correlate with disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania M Gamal
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Assiut University Hospitals, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Nevin Hammam
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Assiut University Hospitals, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut, Egypt.,Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Madeha M Zakary
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Marwa Mahmoud Abdelaziz
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Assiut University Hospitals, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Raouf Abdel Razek
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Assiut University Hospitals, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Yaser Emad
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Daniel E Furst
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of California in Los Angeles (emeritus), Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Rheumatology, Division of Rheumatology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.,Division of Rheumatology and Experimental Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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