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Zeitoun T, El-Sohemy A. Associations Between Dietary Vitamin C, Serum Ascorbic Acid, and GSTT1 Genotype and Premenstrual Symptoms. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN NUTRITION ASSOCIATION 2023:1-9. [PMID: 36971408 DOI: 10.1080/27697061.2023.2186963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Premenstrual symptoms are a cyclically occurring combination of adverse psychological and somatic symptoms that impact the quality of life for most females of childbearing age. Growing evidence suggests that diet may attenuate premenstrual symptoms; however, the relationship between vitamin C and premenstrual symptoms remains unclear. The aim of the research was to determine the association between different measures of vitamin C status and premenstrual symptoms. METHOD Females (n = 555) aged 20 to 29 years from the Toronto Nutrigenomics and Health Study completed a General Health and Lifestyle Questionnaire, capturing 15 premenstrual symptoms. Dietary intake was measured using a 196-item Toronto-modified Harvard food frequency questionnaire. Serum ascorbic acid concentrations were measured, and participants were categorized into deficient (<11 µmol/L), suboptimal (11-28 µmol/L), and adequate (>28 µmol/L) ascorbic acid levels. DNA was genotyped for the GSTT1 (Ins/Del) polymorphism. Using logistic regression, odds of experiencing premenstrual symptoms were compared between vitamin C intake levels above and below the recommended daily allowance (75 mg/d) between ascorbic acid levels and between GSTT1 genotypes. RESULTS Increased vitamin C intake was associated with premenstrual appetite changes (OR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.01-2.68). Compared to deficient ascorbic acid levels, suboptimal levels were associated with premenstrual appetite changes (OR, 2.59; 95% CI, 1.02-6.58) and bloating/swelling (OR, 3.00; 95% CI, 1.09-8.22). Adequate serum ascorbic acid levels were not associated with premenstrual appetite changes (OR, 1.69; 95% CI, 0.73-3.94) or bloating/swelling (OR, 1.92; 95% CI, 0.79-4.67). Those with the GSTT1 functional variant (Ins*Ins) had an increased risk of premenstrual bloating/swelling (OR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.10-3.48); however, the interaction between vitamin C intake and GSTT1 was not significant for any premenstrual symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that indicators of higher vitamin C status are associated with increased premenstrual appetite changes and bloating/swelling. The observed associations with GSTT1 genotype suggest that these observations are not likely due to reverse causation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara Zeitoun
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ahmed El-Sohemy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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2
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Ceppi M, Smolkova B, Staruchova M, Kazimirova A, Barancokova M, Volkovova K, Collins A, Kocan A, Dzupinkova Z, Horska A, Buocikova V, Tulinska J, Liskova A, Mikusova ML, Krivosikova Z, Wsolova L, Kuba D, Rundén-Pran E, El Yamani N, Longhin EM, Halašová E, Kyrtopoulos S, Bonassi S, Dusinska M. Genotoxic effects of occupational exposure to glass fibres - A human biomonitoring study. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2023; 885:503572. [PMID: 36669817 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2022.503572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
As part of a large human biomonitoring study, we conducted occupational monitoring in a glass fibre factory in Slovakia. Shopfloor workers (n = 80), with a matched group of administrators in the same factory (n = 36), were monitored for exposure to glass fibres and to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The impact of occupational exposure on chromosomal aberrations, DNA damage and DNA repair, immunomodulatory markers, and the role of nutritional and lifestyle factors, as well as the effect of polymorphisms in metabolic and DNA repair genes on genetic stability, were investigated. The (enzyme-modified) comet assay was employed to measure DNA strand breaks (SBs) and apurinic sites, oxidised and alkylated bases. Antioxidant status was estimated by resistance to H2O2-induced DNA damage. Base excision repair capacity was measured with an in vitro assay (based on the comet assay). Exposure of workers to fibres was low, but still was associated with higher levels of SBs, and SBs plus oxidised bases, and higher sensitivity to H2O2. Multivariate analysis showed that exposure increased the risk of high levels of SBs by 20%. DNA damage was influenced by antioxidant enzymes catalase and glutathione S-transferase (measured in blood). DNA repair capacity was inversely correlated with DNA damage and positively with antioxidant status. An inverse correlation was found between DNA base oxidation and the percentage of eosinophils (involved in the inflammatory response) in peripheral blood of both exposed and reference groups. Genotypes of XRCC1 variants rs3213245 and rs25487 significantly decreased the risk of high levels of base oxidation, to 0.50 (p = 0.001) and 0.59 (p = 0.001), respectively. Increases in DNA damage owing to glass fibre exposure were significant but modest, and no increases were seen in chromosome aberrations or micronuclei. However, it is of concern that even low levels of exposure to these fibres can cause significant genetic damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Ceppi
- Biostatistics Unit, San Martino Policlinic Hospital, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Bozena Smolkova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Slovakia.
| | - Marta Staruchova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Alena Kazimirova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Magdalena Barancokova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Katarina Volkovova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Andrew Collins
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Anton Kocan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Zuzana Dzupinkova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia; Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Science (IMBA), Vienna BioCenter (VBC), Vienna, Austria.
| | - Alexandra Horska
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Verona Buocikova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Slovakia.
| | - Jana Tulinska
- Laboratory of Immunotoxicology, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Aurelia Liskova
- Laboratory of Immunotoxicology, Slovak Medical University in Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | | | - Zora Krivosikova
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacotherapy, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Ladislava Wsolova
- Institute of Biophysics, Informatics and BioStatistics, Faculty of Public Health, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Daniel Kuba
- National Transplant Organization, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Elise Rundén-Pran
- Health Effects Laboratory, Department for Environmental Chemistry, NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway.
| | - Naouale El Yamani
- Health Effects Laboratory, Department for Environmental Chemistry, NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway.
| | - Eleonora Martha Longhin
- Health Effects Laboratory, Department for Environmental Chemistry, NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway.
| | - Erika Halašová
- Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia.
| | - Soterios Kyrtopoulos
- Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry, and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, Athens, Greece.
| | - Stefano Bonassi
- IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Unit of Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Dusinska
- Health Effects Laboratory, Department for Environmental Chemistry, NILU - Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Kjeller, Norway.
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3
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The Study of Nutrient Intake and Adolescent Girls' Quality of Life in a Rural Area of Indonesia. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9081248. [PMID: 36010138 PMCID: PMC9406564 DOI: 10.3390/children9081248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
An inadequate nutrient intake correlates with malnutrition, a problem affecting many adolescents worldwide. Nutrient intake is associated with quality of life (QoL). Our study analyzed the relationship between nutrient intake and adolescents’ QoL. We conducted a cross-sectional study. Through simple random sampling, 157 adolescent girls were selected. Nutrition status was assessed using anthropometric measurements. Nutrient intake was collected using the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). WHOQOL BREF was used to explore adolescent girls’ quality of life. The median of nutrient intake: energy (908.25 kcal); protein (24.16 g); carbohydrate (128.89 g); fat (21.89 g); vitamin A (77.10 mg); vitamin E (1.40 mg); vitamin B1 (0.19 mg); vitamin B2 (0.29 mg); vitamin B6 (0.45 mg); folic acid (35.13 mg); vitamin C (12.60 mg); calcium (197.46 mg); magnesium (93.72 mg); iron (2.64 mg); and zinc (2.09 mg). The adolescents’ QoL scores were physical health 44 (25–81), psychological domain 56 (19–94), social relationships 56 (19–94), and environmental domain 56 (31–100). The strongest correlations were between (1) physical health with carbohydrates, vitamin C, and fat; (2) psychological domain with calcium; (3) social relationships with carbohydrates and vitamin C; and (4) environmental domain with BMI and zinc. There was a significant positive correlation between the intake of some nutrients and adolescents’ QoL, despite the observation of some significant negative correlations. The findings of this study indicate that more attention should be focused on adolescents’ nutrient intake in order to improve their QoL.
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Niforou A, Konstantinidou V, Naska A. Genetic Variants Shaping Inter-individual Differences in Response to Dietary Intakes-A Narrative Review of the Case of Vitamins. Front Nutr 2020; 7:558598. [PMID: 33335908 PMCID: PMC7736113 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2020.558598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the field of nutrigenetics have provided evidence on how genetic variations can impact the individuals' response to dietary intakes. An objective and reliable assessment of dietary exposures should rely on combinations of methodologies including frequency questionnaires, short-term recalls or records, together with biological samples to evaluate markers of intake or status and to identify genetic susceptibilities. In an attempt to present current knowledge on how genetic fingerprints contribute to an individual's nutritional status, we present a review of current literature describing associations between genetic variants and levels of well-established biomarkers of vitamin status in free-living and generally healthy individuals. Based on the outcomes of candidate gene, genome-wide-association studies and meta-analyses thereof, we have identified several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) involved in the vitamins' metabolic pathways. Polymorphisms in genes encoding proteins involved in vitamin metabolism and transport are reported to have an impact on vitamin D status; while genetic variants of vitamin D receptor were most frequently associated with health outcomes. Genetic variations that can influence vitamin E status include SNPs involved in its uptake and transport, such as in SCAR-B1 gene, and in lipoprotein metabolism. Variants of the genes encoding the sodium-dependent vitamin C transport proteins are greatly associated with the body's status on vitamin C. Regarding the vitamins of the B-complex, special reference is made to the widely studied variant in the MTHFR gene. Methodological attributes of genetic studies that may limit the comparability and interpretability of the findings are also discussed. Our understanding of how genes affect our responses to nutritional triggers will enhance our capacity to evaluate dietary exposure and design personalized nutrition programs to sustain health and prevent disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Niforou
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Androniki Naska
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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5
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Vitamin C and Cardiovascular Disease: An Update. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121227. [PMID: 33287462 PMCID: PMC7761826 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential beneficial effects of the antioxidant properties of vitamin C have been investigated in a number of pathological conditions. In this review, we assess both clinical and preclinical studies evaluating the role of vitamin C in cardiac and vascular disorders, including coronary heart disease, heart failure, hypertension, and cerebrovascular diseases. Pitfalls and controversies in investigations on vitamin C and cardiovascular disorders are also discussed.
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6
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Vitamin C Deficiency and the Risk of Osteoporosis in Patients with an Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12082263. [PMID: 32751086 PMCID: PMC7468713 DOI: 10.3390/nu12082263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent research studies have shown that vitamin C (ascorbic acid) may affect bone mineral density and that a deficiency of ascorbic acid leads to the development of osteoporosis. Patients suffering from an inflammatory bowel disease are at a risk of low bone mineral density. It is vital to notice that patients with Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis also are at risk of vitamin C deficiency which is due to factors such as reduced consumption of fresh vegetables and fruits, i.e., the main sources of ascorbic acid. Additionally, some patients follow diets which may provide an insufficient amount of vitamin C. Moreover, serum vitamin C level also is dependent on genetic factors, such as SLC23A1 and SLC23A2 genes, encoding sodium-dependent vitamin C transporters and GSTM1, GSTP1 and GSTT1 genes which encode glutathione S-transferases. Furthermore, ascorbic acid may modify the composition of gut microbiota which plays a role in the pathogenesis of an inflammatory bowel disease.
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7
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Lykkesfeldt J. On the effect of vitamin C intake on human health: How to (mis)interprete the clinical evidence. Redox Biol 2020; 34:101532. [PMID: 32535545 PMCID: PMC7296342 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
For decades, the potential beneficial effect of vitamin C on human health-beyond that of preventing scurvy-has been subject of much controversy. Hundreds of articles have appeared either in support of increased vitamin C intake through diet or supplements or rejecting the hypothesis that increased intake of vitamin C or supplementation may influence morbidity and mortality. The chemistry and pharmacology of vitamin C is complex and has unfortunately rarely been taken into account when designing clinical studies testing its effect on human health. However, ignoring its chemical lability, dose-dependent absorption and elimination kinetics, distribution via active transport, or complex dose-concentration-response relationships inevitably leads to poor study designs, inadequate inclusion and exclusion criteria and misinterpretation of results. The present review outlines the differences in vitamin C pharmacokinetics compared to normal low molecular weight drugs, focusses on potential pitfalls in study design and data interpretation, and re-examines major clinical studies of vitamin C in light of these.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Lykkesfeldt
- Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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8
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Noguchi-Shinohara M, Abe C, Yuki-Nozaki S, Dohmoto C, Mori A, Hayashi K, Shibata S, Ikeda Y, Sakai K, Iwasa K, Yokogawa M, Ishimiya M, Nakamura H, Yokoji H, Komai K, Nakamura H, Yamada M. Higher Blood Vitamin C Levels are Associated with Reduction of Apolipoprotein E E4-related Risks of Cognitive Decline in Women: The Nakajima Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 63:1289-1297. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-170971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Moeko Noguchi-Shinohara
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Chiemi Abe
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Sohshi Yuki-Nozaki
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Chiaki Dohmoto
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Ayaka Mori
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Koji Hayashi
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Syutaro Shibata
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Ikeda
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kenji Sakai
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kazuo Iwasa
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masami Yokogawa
- Department of Physical Therapy, Division of Health Sciences, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Mai Ishimiya
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Yokoji
- Department of Neurology, Nanao Hospital National Hospital Organization, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Kiyonobu Komai
- Department of Neurology, Iou Hospital National Hospital Organization, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nakamura
- Department of Environmental and Preventive Medicine, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Masahito Yamada
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology of Aging, Kanazawa University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa, Japan
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9
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Abstract
Vitamin C is essential to prevent scurvy in humans and is implicated in the primary prevention of common and complex diseases such as coronary heart disease, stroke, and cancer. This chapter reviews the latest knowledge about dietary vitamin C in human health with an emphasis on studies of the molecular mechanisms of vitamin C maintenance as well as gene-nutrient interactions modifying these relationships. Epidemiological evidence indicates 5% prevalence for vitamin C deficiency and 13% prevalence for suboptimal status even in industrialized countries. The daily intake (dose) and the corresponding systemic concentrations (response) are related in a saturable relationship, and low systemic vitamin C concentrations in observational studies are associated with negative health outcomes. However, there is no evidence that vitamin C supplementation impacts the risks for all-cause mortality, impaired cognitive performance, reduced quality of life, the development of eye diseases, infections, cardiovascular disease, and cancers. This might be related to the fact that prevention would not be realized by supplementation in populations already adequately supplied through dietary sources. Recent genetic association studies indicate that the dietary intake might not be the sole determinant of systemic concentrations, since variations in genes participating in redox homeostasis and vitamin C transport had been associated with lowered plasma concentrations. However, impact sizes are generally low and these phenomena might only affect individual of suboptimal dietary supply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Granger
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Peter Eck
- Department of Food and Human Nutritional Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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10
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Ou L, Li X, Chen B, Ge Z, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Cai G, Li Z, Wang P, Dong W. Recombinant Human Cytoglobin Prevents Atherosclerosis by Regulating Lipid Metabolism and Oxidative Stress. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2017; 23:162-173. [PMID: 28954528 DOI: 10.1177/1074248417724870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Ou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Medical Research, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command of PLA, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baihong Chen
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhuang Ge
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junyi Zhang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gaotai Cai
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Li
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ping Wang
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenqi Dong
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Biotechnology, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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11
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Vitamin C, Aging and Alzheimer's Disease. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9070670. [PMID: 28654021 PMCID: PMC5537785 DOI: 10.3390/nu9070670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence in mice models of accelerated senescence indicates a rescuing role of ascorbic acid in premature aging. Supplementation of ascorbic acid appeared to halt cell growth, oxidative stress, telomere attrition, disorganization of chromatin, and excessive secretion of inflammatory factors, and extend lifespan. Interestingly, ascorbic acid (AA) was also found to positively modulate inflamm-aging and immunosenescence, two hallmarks of biological aging. Moreover, ascorbic acid has been shown to epigenetically regulate genome integrity and stability, indicating a key role of targeted nutrition in healthy aging. Growing in vivo evidence supports the role of ascorbic acid in ameliorating factors linked to Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis, although evidence in humans yielded equivocal results. The neuroprotective role of ascorbic acid not only relies on the general free radical trapping, but also on the suppression of pro-inflammatory genes, mitigating neuroinflammation, on the chelation of iron, copper, and zinc, and on the suppression of amyloid-beta peptide (Aβ) fibrillogenesis. Epidemiological evidence linking diet, one of the most important modifiable lifestyle factors, and risk of Alzheimer's disease is rapidly increasing. Thus, dietary interventions, as a way to epigenetically modulate the human genome, may play a role in the prevention of AD. The present review is aimed at providing an up to date overview of the main biological mechanisms that are associated with ascorbic acid supplementation/bioavailability in the process of aging and Alzheimer’s disease. In addition, we will address new fields of research and future directions.
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12
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Cho MR, Han JH, Lee HJ, Park YK, Kang MH. Purple grape juice supplementation in smokers and antioxidant status according to different types of GST polymorphisms. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2015. [PMID: 25678751 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.14.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damages and antioxidant status was assessed after 8 weeks of purple grape juice supplementation in male smokers depending on the glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms. Ninety-five smokers consumed 480 ml of purple grape juice for 8 weeks. The blood samples were collected before and after supplementation to measure lymphocyte DNA damages, plasma antioxidants, conjugated diene, and the erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes. The diastolic pressure, lymphocyte DNA damage, and plasma conjugated diene were significantly decreased but the plasma γ-tocopherol was increased in GSTM1-null genotype, while increased blood glutathione and decreased lymphocyte DNA damage were observed in GSTM1-present genotype. In case of GSTT1 on the other hand, the decrease in diastolic pressure and lymphocyte DNA damage was observed in both null types and present types, but the erythrocyte catalase activity was decreased in GSTT1-null type and the plasma vitamin C level was increased in GSTT1-present type, suggesting that, the antioxidant effect of grape juice was greater in GSTT1-present type compared to GSTT1-null type. The intakes of 8-week purple grape juice affected diastolic blood pressures, DNA damage reductions and antioxidant status in smokers, mainly greater in GSTM1-null type and GSTT1-present type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Ran Cho
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Daedeok Valley Campus, Hannam University, Daejeon 305-811, Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwa Han
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Daedeok Valley Campus, Hannam University, Daejeon 305-811, Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Lee
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Daedeok Valley Campus, Hannam University, Daejeon 305-811, Korea
| | - Yoo Kyoung Park
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, Korea
| | - Myung-Hee Kang
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Daedeok Valley Campus, Hannam University, Daejeon 305-811, Korea
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Hemminki K, Frank C, Försti A, Musak L, Kazimirova A, Barancokova M, Horska A, Vymetalkova V, Smerhovsky Z, Naccarati A, Soucek P, Vodickova L, Buchancova J, Smolkova B, Dusinska M, Vodicka P. Metabolic gene variants associated with chromosomal aberrations in healthy humans. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2015; 54:260-6. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kari Hemminki
- Department of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Im Neuenheimer Feld 580 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Center for Primary Health Care Research; Lund University; Malmö Sweden
| | - Christoph Frank
- Department of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Im Neuenheimer Feld 580 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - Asta Försti
- Department of Molecular Genetic Epidemiology; German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ); Im Neuenheimer Feld 580 69120 Heidelberg Germany
- Center for Primary Health Care Research; Lund University; Malmö Sweden
| | - Ludovit Musak
- Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin; Clinic of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology; Comenius University in Bratislava and University Hospital Martin; Kollarova 2 03601 Martin Slovakia
| | - Alena Kazimirova
- Faculty of Medicine; Slovak Medical University; Limbova 12 Bratislava Slovakia
| | | | - Alexandra Horska
- Faculty of Medicine; Slovak Medical University; Limbova 12 Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Veronika Vymetalkova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Videnska 1083 142 00 Prague Czech Republic
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics; 1st Medical Faculty; Charles University; Albertov 4 128 00 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Smerhovsky
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics; 1st Medical Faculty; Charles University; Albertov 4 128 00 Prague Czech Republic
- 2nd Faculty of Medicine; Charles University Prague; Czech Republic
| | - Alessio Naccarati
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Videnska 1083 142 00 Prague Czech Republic
- Human Genetics Foundation; Turin Italy
| | - Pavel Soucek
- National Institute of Public Health; Srobarova 48 10042 Prague 10 Czech Republic
| | - Ludmila Vodickova
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Videnska 1083 142 00 Prague Czech Republic
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics; 1st Medical Faculty; Charles University; Albertov 4 128 00 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Janka Buchancova
- Department of Public Health; Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin; Comenius University in Bratislava; Sklabinska 26 03601 Martin Slovakia
| | - Bozena Smolkova
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Cancer Research Institute of Slovak Academy of Sciences; Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Maria Dusinska
- Health Effects Laboratory MILK, NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research; Kjeller Norway
| | - Pavel Vodicka
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Videnska 1083 142 00 Prague Czech Republic
- Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics; 1st Medical Faculty; Charles University; Albertov 4 128 00 Prague Czech Republic
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14
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Cho MR, Han JH, Lee HJ, Park YK, Kang MH. Purple grape juice supplementation in smokers and antioxidant status according to different types of GST polymorphisms. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2014; 56:49-56. [PMID: 25678751 PMCID: PMC4306655 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.14-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA damages and antioxidant status was assessed after 8 weeks of purple grape juice supplementation in male smokers depending on the glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms. Ninety-five smokers consumed 480 ml of purple grape juice for 8 weeks. The blood samples were collected before and after supplementation to measure lymphocyte DNA damages, plasma antioxidants, conjugated diene, and the erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes. The diastolic pressure, lymphocyte DNA damage, and plasma conjugated diene were significantly decreased but the plasma γ-tocopherol was increased in GSTM1-null genotype, while increased blood glutathione and decreased lymphocyte DNA damage were observed in GSTM1-present genotype. In case of GSTT1 on the other hand, the decrease in diastolic pressure and lymphocyte DNA damage was observed in both null types and present types, but the erythrocyte catalase activity was decreased in GSTT1-null type and the plasma vitamin C level was increased in GSTT1-present type, suggesting that, the antioxidant effect of grape juice was greater in GSTT1-present type compared to GSTT1-null type. The intakes of 8-week purple grape juice affected diastolic blood pressures, DNA damage reductions and antioxidant status in smokers, mainly greater in GSTM1-null type and GSTT1-present type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Ran Cho
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Daedeok Valley Campus, Hannam University, Daejeon 305-811, Korea
| | - Jeong-Hwa Han
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Daedeok Valley Campus, Hannam University, Daejeon 305-811, Korea
| | - Hye-Jin Lee
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Daedeok Valley Campus, Hannam University, Daejeon 305-811, Korea
| | - Yoo Kyoung Park
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Graduate School of East-West Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, Korea
| | - Myung-Hee Kang
- Department of Food & Nutrition, Daedeok Valley Campus, Hannam University, Daejeon 305-811, Korea
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15
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Schwartz B. New criteria for supplementation of selected micronutrients in the era of nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2014; 65:529-38. [PMID: 24625102 DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2014.898258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Advances in molecular biology, emergence of novel techniques and huge amount of information generated in the post-Human Genome Project era have fostered the emergence of new disciplines in the field of nutritional research: Nutrigenomics deals with the effect of diet on gene expression whereas nutrigenetics refers to the impact of inherited traits on the response to a specific dietary pattern, functional food or supplement. Understanding the role of micronutrient supplementation with specific genetic backgrounds may provide an important contribution to a new optimum health strategy based on individualized nutritional treatment and may provide the strategies for the development of safer and more effective dietary interventions. This overview of the various aspects of supplementation of micronutrients in the era of nutrigenetics and nutrigenomics may provide a better understanding of novel nutritional research approach and provide an additional insight that can be applied to the daily dietary practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty Schwartz
- The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem , Rehovot , Israel
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16
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Tveden-Nyborg P, Lykkesfeldt J. Does vitamin C deficiency increase lifestyle-associated vascular disease progression? Evidence based on experimental and clinical studies. Antioxid Redox Signal 2013; 19:2084-104. [PMID: 23642093 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2013.5382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Despite continuous advances in the prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD), critical issues associated with an unhealthy lifestyle remain an increasing cause of morbidity and mortality in industrialized countries. RECENT ADVANCES A growing body of literature supports a specific role for vitamin C in a number of reactions that are associated with vascular function and control including, for example, nitric oxide bioavailability, lipid metabolism, and vascular integrity. CRITICAL ISSUES A large body of epidemiological evidence supports a relationship between poor vitamin C status and increased risk of developing CVD, and the prevalence of deficiency continues to be around 10%-20% of the general Western population although this problem could easily and cheaply be solved by supplementation. However, large intervention studies using vitamin C have not found a beneficial effect of supplementation. This review outlines the proposed mechanism by which vitamin C deficiency worsens CVD progression. In addition, it discusses problems with the currently available literature, including the discrepancies between the large intervention studies and the experimental and epidemiological literature. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Increased insights into vitamin C deficiency-mediated CVD progression will enable the design of future randomized controlled trials that are better suited to test the efficacy of vitamin C in disease prevention as well as the identification of high-risk individuals which could possibly benefit from supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Tveden-Nyborg
- Department of Veterinary Disease Biology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Frederiksberg, Denmark
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17
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18
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Živković M, Životić I, Dinčić E, Stojković L, Vojinović S, Stanković A. The glutathione S-transferase T1 deletion is associated with susceptibility to multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Sci 2013; 334:6-9. [PMID: 23932298 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Revised: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) occurs as a result of interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Recent data support the view that oxidative damage is one of an early event in MS tissue injury. The safe elimination of reactive oxygen species and toxins via glutathione S-transferase (GST) pathways is required in order to protect cells against reactive oxygen-induced damage. The aim of our study was to analyze the possible association of GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene polymorphisms with the susceptibility and clinical parameters of MS, in 455 consecutive patients and 366 controls. METHODS A multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect the deletions in GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes. RESULTS Patients with MS had significantly higher frequency of GSTT1 null genotype compared to controls (37.36% vs. 21.86%, respectively, p<0.0001, adjusted OR 2.13 (1.56-2.90)), as well as double deletions (15.38% vs. 10.38%, respectively, p<0.05). The carriers of GSTM1 deletion had significantly earlier onset of MS compared to the wild-type carriers (28.31 ± 8.45 vs. 30.64 ± 9.30 years, respectively, p = 0.03). CONCLUSION This study suggests the potential pathogenic role of GSTT1 deletion on MS susceptibility. There are no similar data published so far, yet this study should be replicated in other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Živković
- Laboratory for Radiobiology and Molecular Genetics, "Vinča" Institute of Nuclear Sciences, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
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19
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El Safty A, Metwally FM, Mohammed Samir A, ElShahawy A, Raouf EA. Studying the effect of antioxidants on cytogenetic manifestations of solvent exposure in the paint industry. Toxicol Ind Health 2013; 31:1087-94. [PMID: 23625906 DOI: 10.1177/0748233713486957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the antioxidant role in reversing cytogenetic changes caused by solvent exposure in paint industry. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A prospective controlled clinical trial was performed on 39 workers exposed to solvents and 39 workers not exposed to solvents by supplying a mixture of antioxidant vitamins (A, C, E and selenium) and the after effects of such regimen were analyzed. Environmental monitoring was carried out for air concentrations of different solvents at workplace. Exposed group was cytogenetically tested before and after giving the mixture of antioxidant vitamins for 1 month duration. RESULTS Frequency of chromosomal aberrations (CAs) and the mean of sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) were statistically significantly higher among exposed workers than among controls. After the supplementation of antioxidants, there was a statistically significant decrease in the frequency of CAs, and 88% abnormal levels of SCEs were back to normal levels. CONCLUSION Antioxidant supplementation decreases the frequency of CAs and SCEs among exposed workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aamal El Safty
- Department of Industrial Medicine and Occupational Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | | | - Aisha Mohammed Samir
- Department of Industrial Medicine and Occupational Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Amir ElShahawy
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Research Center, Egypt
| | - Ehab Abdel Raouf
- Department of Research on Children with Special Needs, National Research Center, Egypt
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20
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Michels AJ, Hagen TM, Frei B. Human genetic variation influences vitamin C homeostasis by altering vitamin C transport and antioxidant enzyme function. Annu Rev Nutr 2013; 33:45-70. [PMID: 23642198 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-071812-161246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
New evidence for the regulation of vitamin C homeostasis has emerged from several studies of human genetic variation. Polymorphisms in the genes encoding sodium-dependent vitamin C transport proteins are strongly associated with plasma ascorbate levels and likely impact tissue cellular vitamin C status. Furthermore, genetic variants of proteins that suppress oxidative stress or detoxify oxidatively damaged biomolecules, i.e., haptoglobin, glutathione-S-transferases, and possibly manganese superoxide dismutase, affect ascorbate levels in the human body. There also is limited evidence for a role of glucose transport proteins. In this review, we examine the extent of the variation in these genes, their impact on vitamin C status, and their potential role in altering chronic disease risk. We conclude that future epidemiological studies should take into account genetic variation in order to successfully determine the role of vitamin C nutriture or supplementation in human vitamin C status and chronic disease risk.
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21
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Nielsen DE, El-Sohemy A. A randomized trial of genetic information for personalized nutrition. GENES & NUTRITION 2012; 7:559-66. [PMID: 22407352 PMCID: PMC3448037 DOI: 10.1007/s12263-012-0290-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Personal genetic information has become increasingly accessible to the public as a result of direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic tests; however, concerns have been raised over their value and potential risks. We compared the effects of providing genotype-based dietary advice with general recommendations on behavioral outcomes using a randomized controlled study. Participants were men and women from the Toronto Nutrigenomics and Health Study between the ages of 20-35 years (n = 149) who completed a survey to assess their awareness of DTC genetic tests and nutrigenomics, as well as potential motivations for undergoing genetic testing. Participants were then randomized into an intervention (I) or control (C) group and were given either genotype-based personalized dietary advice or general dietary advice, respectively. A second survey was administered to assess the participants' opinions of the dietary reports they received. A greater proportion of participants in the intervention group agreed that they understood the dietary advice they were given (93% (I) vs. 78% (C); p = 0.009). Participants in the intervention group were more likely to agree that the dietary recommendations they received would be useful when considering their diet (88% (I) vs. 72% (C); p = 0.02) and wanted to know more about the recommendations (95% (I) vs. 76% (C); p < 0.0001). Only 9% of participants in the intervention group reported feeling uneasy about learning their genetic information. These findings suggest that individuals find dietary recommendations based on genetics more understandable and more useful than general dietary advice. Very few feel uneasy about receiving their genetic information that relates to personalized nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiva E. Nielsen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Room 350, University of Toronto, 150 College St, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2 Canada
| | - Ahmed El-Sohemy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Room 350, University of Toronto, 150 College St, Toronto, ON M5S 3E2 Canada
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22
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Abstract
Personalized nutrition aims to prevent the onset and development of chronic diseases by targeting dietary recommendations to an individual’s genetic profile. Gene–diet interactions that affect metabolic pathways relevant to disease risk are continuously being uncovered. Discoveries in the field of nutrigenomics demonstrate that some individuals may benefit from adhering to different dietary guidelines than others, depending on their genotype. Certain industries have already begun to capitalize on the anticipation that knowledge of genomic information could help prevent the risk of developing diseases. Although disclosure of genetic information has been associated with the adoption of positive health-related behaviors under certain circumstances, the effect of providing gene-based dietary advice on motivating adherence to favorable dietary changes is largely unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiva E Nielsen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Room 350, 150 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E2, Canada
| | - Ahmed El-Sohemy
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Room 350, 150 College St, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3E2, Canada
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23
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Are glutathione S transferases involved in DNA damage signalling? Interactions with DNA damage and repair revealed from molecular epidemiology studies. Mutat Res 2012; 736:130-7. [PMID: 22450146 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2012.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 03/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are members of a multigene family of isoenzymes that are important in the control of oxidative stress and in phase II metabolism. Acting non-enzymically, GSTs can modulate signalling pathways of cell proliferation, cell differentiation and apoptosis. Using a molecular epidemiology approach, we have investigated a potential involvement of GSTs in DNA damage processing, specifically the modulation of DNA repair in a group of 388 healthy adult volunteers; 239 with at least 5 years of occupational exposure to asbestos, stone wool or glass fibre, and 149 reference subjects. We measured DNA damage in lymphocytes using the comet assay (alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis): strand breaks (SBs) and alkali-labile sites, oxidised pyrimidines with endonuclease III, and oxidised purines with formamidopyrimidine DNA glycosylase. We also measured GST activity in erythrocytes, and the capacity for base excision repair (BER) in a lymphocyte extract. Polymorphisms in genes encoding three GST isoenzymes were determined, namely deletion of GSTM1 and GSTT1 and single nucleotide polymorphism Ile105Val in GSTP1. Consumption of vegetables and wine correlated negatively with DNA damage and modulated BER. GST activity correlated with oxidised bases and with BER capacity, and differed depending on polymorphisms in GSTP1, GSTT1 and GSTM1. A significantly lower BER rate was associated with the homozygous GSTT1 deletion in all asbestos site subjects and in the corresponding reference group. Multifactorial analysis revealed effects of sex and exposure in GSTP1 Ile/Val heterozygotes but not in Ile/Ile homozygotes. These variants affected also SBs levels, mainly by interactions of GSTP1 genotype with exposure, with sex, and with smoking habit; and by an interaction between sex and smoking. Our results show that GST polymorphisms and GST activity can apparently influence DNA stability and repair of oxidised bases, suggesting a potential new role for these proteins in DNA damage processing via DNA damage signalling.
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24
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Da Costa LA, García-Bailo B, Badawi A, El-Sohemy A. Genetic determinants of dietary antioxidant status. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2012; 108:179-200. [PMID: 22656378 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-398397-8.00008-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress refers to a physiological state in which an imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants results in oxidative damage. Oxidative stress has been associated with the development of numerous chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), osteoporosis, and cancer. Endogenous production of free radicals occurs during normal physiological processes, such as aerobic metabolism, oxidation of biological molecules, and enzymatic activity. Environmental factors such as ultraviolet radiation, air pollution, and cigarette smoking can also contribute to the accumulation of free radicals in the body. Excess free radicals can damage tissues and promote the upregulation of disease-related pathways such as inflammation. Modulating oxidative stress by dietary supplementation with antioxidant micronutrients such as vitamins C and E or phytochemicals such as different carotenoids may help prevent or delay the development of certain diseases. However, research on antioxidant supplementation and disease has yielded inconsistent findings, which may be due, in part, to interindividual genetic variation. Polymorphisms in genes coding for endogenous antioxidant enzymes or proteins responsible for the absorption, transport, distribution, or metabolism of dietary antioxidants have been shown to affect antioxidant status and response to supplementation. These genetic variants may also interact with environmental factors, such as diet, to determine an individual's overall antioxidant status. This chapter examines current knowledge of the relationship between genetic variation and dietary antioxidant status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Da Costa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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25
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Block G, Shaikh N, Jensen CD, Volberg V, Holland N. Serum vitamin C and other biomarkers differ by genotype of phase 2 enzyme genes GSTM1 and GSTT1. Am J Clin Nutr 2011; 94:929-37. [PMID: 21813807 PMCID: PMC3155929 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.111.011460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) detoxify environmental chemicals and are involved in oxidative stress pathways. Deletion polymorphisms affect enzyme activities and have been associated with risk of disease. OBJECTIVE The objective was to clarify whether biomarkers of oxidation, antioxidation, inflammation, and nutritional factors differ by GST genotype in healthy adults. DESIGN Subjects (n = 383) consisted of nonsmokers and nonusers of antiinflammatory drugs and antioxidant vitamin supplements. Deletion polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTT1 were genotyped. F(2)-isoprostanes, malondialdehyde, C-reactive protein, serum vitamin C, carotenoids, tocopherols, and other nutritional factors were assessed. RESULTS The concentration of serum vitamin C was higher in persons with the inactive GSTM1-0 genotype (P = 0.006). This relation was unchanged after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, or dietary vitamin C. F(2)-isoprostanes and malondialdehyde were lower in the GSTM1-0 and GSTT1-0 groups, respectively, but significance was lost after control for serum vitamin C. The dual deletion, GSTM1-0/GSTT1-0 (n = 37), was associated with higher serum iron and total and LDL-cholesterol concentrations (all P < 0.01) and lower malondialdehyde concentrations, which persisted after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, and serum vitamin C. Carotenoids and α- and γ-tocopherols were not associated with either genotype. CONCLUSIONS Oxidative stress and inflammation biomarkers differ by GST genotype, but serum vitamin C appears to be the most consistent factor. Examination of other relevant genes may be needed to understand the concentration and function of ascorbic acid in the GST enzyme system. This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00079963.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gladys Block
- School of Public Health, University of California at Berkeley, 94720-7360, USA.
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