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Marrero AD, Quesada AR, Martínez-Poveda B, Medina MÁ. Anti-Cancer, Anti-Angiogenic, and Anti-Atherogenic Potential of Key Phenolic Compounds from Virgin Olive Oil. Nutrients 2024; 16:1283. [PMID: 38732529 PMCID: PMC11085358 DOI: 10.3390/nu16091283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean diet, renowned for its health benefits, especially in reducing cardiovascular risks and protecting against diseases like diabetes and cancer, emphasizes virgin olive oil as a key contributor to these advantages. Despite being a minor fraction, the phenolic compounds in olive oil significantly contribute to its bioactive effects. This review examines the bioactive properties of hydroxytyrosol and related molecules, including naturally occurring compounds (-)-oleocanthal and (-)-oleacein, as well as semisynthetic derivatives like hydroxytyrosyl esters and alkyl ethers. (-)-Oleocanthal and (-)-oleacein show promising anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory properties, which are particularly underexplored in the case of (-)-oleacein. Additionally, hydroxytyrosyl esters exhibit similar effectiveness to hydroxytyrosol, while certain alkyl ethers surpass their precursor's properties. Remarkably, the emerging research field of the effects of phenolic molecules related to virgin olive oil on cell autophagy presents significant opportunities for underscoring the anti-cancer and neuroprotective properties of these molecules. Furthermore, promising clinical data from studies on hydroxytyrosol, (-)-oleacein, and (-)-oleocanthal urge further investigation and support the initiation of clinical trials with semisynthetic hydroxytyrosol derivatives. This review provides valuable insights into the potential applications of olive oil-derived phenolics in preventing and managing diseases associated with cancer, angiogenesis, and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Dácil Marrero
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Andalucía Tech, Universidad de Málaga, E-29071 Málaga, Spain; (A.D.M.); (A.R.Q.); (B.M.-P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), E-29071 Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana R. Quesada
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Andalucía Tech, Universidad de Málaga, E-29071 Málaga, Spain; (A.D.M.); (A.R.Q.); (B.M.-P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), E-29071 Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Martínez-Poveda
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Andalucía Tech, Universidad de Málaga, E-29071 Málaga, Spain; (A.D.M.); (A.R.Q.); (B.M.-P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), E-29071 Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Medina
- Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Andalucía Tech, Universidad de Málaga, E-29071 Málaga, Spain; (A.D.M.); (A.R.Q.); (B.M.-P.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica y Plataforma en Nanomedicina-IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND (Biomedical Research Institute of Málaga), E-29071 Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
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Marrero AD, Castilla L, Bernal M, Manrique I, Posligua-García JD, Moya-Utrera F, Porras-Alcalá C, Espartero JL, Sarabia F, Quesada AR, Medina MÁ, Martínez-Poveda B. Inhibition of Endothelial Inflammatory Response by HT-C6, a Hydroxytyrosol Alkyl Ether Derivative. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1513. [PMID: 37627508 PMCID: PMC10451341 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydroxytyrosol (HT) is a bioactive phenolic compound naturally present in olives and extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) which is described as an antioxidant, antitumoral and antiangiogenic molecule. Previous studies of semi-synthetic HT-derivatives presented the hydroxytyrosyl alkyl ether HT-C6 as one of the most potent derivatives studied in the context of antioxidant, anti-platelet and antiangiogenic assays, but its direct effect on inflammation was not reported. In this work, we use RT-qPCR measure of gene expression, protein analysis by Western-blot and immunofluorescence techniques, adhesion and migration functional assays and single-cell monitoring of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in order to explore in vitro the ability of HT-C6 to interfere in the inflammatory response of endothelial cells (ECs). Our results showed that HT-C6 strongly reduces the TNF-α-induced expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM1), intercellular cell adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1), E-selectin (SELE), C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 and 5 (CCL2 and CCL5) in HUVECs, impairing the chemotactic and adhesion potential of these cells towards THP-1 monocytes in vitro. In this work, we define a mechanism of action underlying the anti-inflammatory effect of HT-C6, which involves the abrogation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway activation in ECs. These results, together with the ability of HT-C6 to reduce ROS formation in ECs, point to this compound as a promising HT-derivative to be tested in the treatment of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Dácil Marrero
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (A.D.M.); (L.C.); (M.B.); (I.M.); (J.D.P.-G.); (A.R.Q.); (M.Á.M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina, IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Castilla
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (A.D.M.); (L.C.); (M.B.); (I.M.); (J.D.P.-G.); (A.R.Q.); (M.Á.M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina, IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain
| | - Manuel Bernal
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (A.D.M.); (L.C.); (M.B.); (I.M.); (J.D.P.-G.); (A.R.Q.); (M.Á.M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina, IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Manrique
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (A.D.M.); (L.C.); (M.B.); (I.M.); (J.D.P.-G.); (A.R.Q.); (M.Á.M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina, IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain
| | - Joel D. Posligua-García
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (A.D.M.); (L.C.); (M.B.); (I.M.); (J.D.P.-G.); (A.R.Q.); (M.Á.M.)
| | - Federico Moya-Utrera
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (F.M.-U.); (C.P.-A.); (F.S.)
| | - Cristina Porras-Alcalá
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (F.M.-U.); (C.P.-A.); (F.S.)
| | - José Luis Espartero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - Francisco Sarabia
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (F.M.-U.); (C.P.-A.); (F.S.)
| | - Ana R. Quesada
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (A.D.M.); (L.C.); (M.B.); (I.M.); (J.D.P.-G.); (A.R.Q.); (M.Á.M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina, IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Medina
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (A.D.M.); (L.C.); (M.B.); (I.M.); (J.D.P.-G.); (A.R.Q.); (M.Á.M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina, IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Martínez-Poveda
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Andalucía Tech, 29071 Málaga, Spain; (A.D.M.); (L.C.); (M.B.); (I.M.); (J.D.P.-G.); (A.R.Q.); (M.Á.M.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga y Plataforma en Nanomedicina, IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, 29590 Málaga, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
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Antonopoulou S, Demopoulos CA. Protective Effect of Olive Oil Microconstituents in Atherosclerosis: Emphasis on PAF Implicated Atherosclerosis Theory. Biomolecules 2023; 13:700. [PMID: 37189447 PMCID: PMC10135796 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a progressive vascular multifactorial process. The mechanisms underlining the initiating event of atheromatous plaque formation are inflammation and oxidation. Among the modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, diet and especially the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), has been widely recognized as one of the healthiest dietary patterns. Olive oil (OO), the main source of the fatty components of the MedDiet is superior to the other "Mono-unsaturated fatty acids containing oils" due to the existence of specific microconstituents. In this review, the effects of OO microconstituents in atherosclerosis, based on data from in vitro and in vivo studies with special attention on their inhibitory activity against PAF (Platelet-Activating Factor) actions, are presented and critically discussed. In conclusion, we propose that the anti-atherogenic effect of OO is attributed to the synergistic action of its microconstituents, mainly polar lipids that act as PAF inhibitors, specific polyphenols and α-tocopherol that also exert anti-PAF activity. This beneficial effect, also mediated through anti-PAF action, can occur from microconstituents extracted from olive pomace, a toxic by-product of the OO production process that constitutes a significant ecological problem. Daily intake of moderate amounts of OO consumed in the context of a balanced diet is significant for healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smaragdi Antonopoulou
- Laboratory of Biology, Biochemistry and Microbiology, Department of Nutrition-Dietetics, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, 17676 Athens, Greece
| | - Constantinos A. Demopoulos
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece;
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Synthesis and Antiaggregant and Anticoagulant Activity of New 1-(4-Alkyloxybenzyl)-1H-Azoles and 1-(Adamantyl-1)-2-[4-(1H-Azol-1-Ylmethyl)-Phenoxy]Ethanones. Pharm Chem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11094-021-02491-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Rodríguez-Pérez MD, López-Villodres JA, Arrebola MM, Martín-Aurioles E, Fernández-Prior Á, Bermúdez-Oria A, Ríos MC, De La Cruz JP, González-Correa JA. Nephroprotective Effect of the Virgin Olive Oil Polyphenol Hydroxytyrosol in Type 1-like Experimental Diabetes Mellitus: Relationships with Its Antioxidant Effect. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10111783. [PMID: 34829654 PMCID: PMC8615082 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10111783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether hydroxytyrosol administration prevented kidney damage in an experimental model of type 1 diabetes mellitus in rats. Hydroxytyrosol was administered to streptozotocin-diabetic rats: 1 and 5 mg/kg/day p.o. for two months. After hydroxytyrosol administration, proteinuria was significantly reduced (67-73%), calculated creatinine clearance was significantly increased (26-38%), and the glomerular volume and glomerulosclerosis index were decreased (20-30%). Hydroxytyrosol reduced oxidative and nitrosative stress variables and thromboxane metabolite production. Statistical correlations were found between biochemical and kidney function variables. Oral administration of 1 and 5 mg/kg/day of hydroxytyrosol produced an antioxidant and nephroprotective effect in an experimental model of type 1-like diabetes mellitus. The nephroprotective effect was significantly associated with the systemic and renal antioxidant action of hydroxytyrosol, which also influenced eicosanoid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Dolores Rodríguez-Pérez
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute (IBIMA), University of Malaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.D.R.-P.); (J.A.G.-C.)
| | | | - María Monsalud Arrebola
- Clinical Laboratory, Clinical Management Unit, Hospital Axarquía, AGSEMA, 29740 Málaga, Spain;
| | | | - África Fernández-Prior
- Department of Food Phytochemistry, Instituto de la Grasa (Spanish National Research Council, CSIC), 41013 Seville, Spain; (Á.F.-P.); (A.B.-O.)
| | - Alejandra Bermúdez-Oria
- Department of Food Phytochemistry, Instituto de la Grasa (Spanish National Research Council, CSIC), 41013 Seville, Spain; (Á.F.-P.); (A.B.-O.)
| | - María Carmen Ríos
- Area of Human Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (J.A.L.-V.); (M.C.R.)
| | - José Pedro De La Cruz
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute (IBIMA), University of Malaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.D.R.-P.); (J.A.G.-C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-952131567
| | - José Antonio González-Correa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute (IBIMA), University of Malaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain; (M.D.R.-P.); (J.A.G.-C.)
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Oliverio M, Nardi M, Di Gioia ML, Costanzo P, Bonacci S, Mancuso S, Procopio A. Semi-synthesis as a tool for broadening the health applications of bioactive olive secoiridoids: a critical review. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 38:444-469. [PMID: 33300916 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00084a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2005 up to 2020Olive bioactive secoiridoids are recognized as natural antioxidants with multiple beneficial effects on human health. Nevertheless, the study of their biological activity has also disclosed some critical aspects associated with their application. Firstly, only a few of them can be extracted in large amounts from their natural matrix, namely olive leaves, drupes, oil and olive mill wastewater. Secondly, their application as preventive agents and drugs is limited by their low membrane permeability. Thirdly, the study of their biological fate after administration is complicated by the absence of pure analytical standards. Accordingly, efficient synthetic methods to obtain natural and non-natural bioactive phenol derivatives have been developed. Among them, semi-synthetic protocols represent efficient and economical alternatives to total synthesis, combining efficient extraction protocols with efficient catalytic conversions to achieve reasonable amounts of active molecules. The aim of this review is to summarize the semi-synthetic protocols published in the last fifteen years, covering 2005 up to 2020, which can produce natural olive bioactive phenols scarcely available by extractive procedures, and new biophenol derivatives with enhanced biological activity. Moreover, the semi-synthetic protocols to produce olive bioactive phenol derivatives as analytical standards are also discussed. A critical analysis of the advantages offered by semi-synthesis compared to classical extraction methods or total synthesis protocols is also performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Oliverio
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy.
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Mimetics of extra virgin olive oil phenols with anti-cancer stem cell activity. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:21057-21075. [PMID: 33168787 PMCID: PMC7695371 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) dihydroxy-phenol oleacein is a natural inhibitor of multiple metabolic and epigenetic enzymes capable of suppressing the functional traits of cancer stem cells (CSC). Here, we used a natural product-inspired drug discovery approach to identify new compounds that phenotypically mimic the anti-CSC activity of oleacein. We coupled 3D quantitative structure-activity relationship-based virtual profiling with phenotypic analysis using 3D tumorsphere formation as a gold standard for assessing the presence of CSC. Among the top 20 computationally-predicted oleacein mimetics, four fulfilled the phenotypic endpoint of specifically suppressing the tumorsphere-initiating capacity of CSC, in the absence of significant cytotoxicity against differentiated cancer cells growing in 2D cultures in the same low micromolar concentration range. Of these, 3,4-dihydrophenetyl butyrate –a lipophilic ester conjugate of the hydroxytyrosol moiety of oleacein– and (E)-N-allyl-2-((5-nitrofuran-2-yl)methylene)hydrazinecarbothioamide) –an inhibitor of Trypanosoma cruzi triosephosphate isomerase– were also highly effective at significantly reducing the proportion of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)-positive CSC-like proliferating cells. Preservation of the mTOR/DNMT binding mode of oleacein was dispensable for suppression of the ALDH+-CSC functional phenotype in hydroxytyrosol-unrelated mimetics. The anti-CSC chemistry of complex EVOO phenols such as oleacein can be phenocopied through the use of mimetics capturing its physico-chemical properties.
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Wide Biological Role of Hydroxytyrosol: Possible Therapeutic and Preventive Properties in Cardiovascular Diseases. Cells 2020; 9:cells9091932. [PMID: 32825589 PMCID: PMC7565717 DOI: 10.3390/cells9091932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) has promoted investigations of natural molecules that could prevent and treat CVD. Among these, hydroxytyrosol, a polyphenolic compound of olive oil, is well known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-atherogenic effects. Its strong antioxidant properties are due to the scavenging of radicals and the stimulation of synthesis and activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, HO-1, NOS, COX-2, GSH), which also limit the lipid peroxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, a hallmark of atherosclerosis. Lowered inflammation and oxidative stress and an improved lipid profile were also demonstrated in healthy subjects as well as in metabolic syndrome patients after hydroxytyrosol (HT) supplementation. These results might open a new therapeutic scenario through personalized supplementation of HT in CVDs. This review is the first attempt to collect together scientific literature on HT in both in vitro and in vivo models, as well as in human clinical studies, describing its potential biological effects for cardiovascular health.
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Chang Y, Hsu WH, Yang WB, Jayakumar T, Lee TY, Sheu JR, Lu WJ, Li JY. Structure-activity relationship of three synthesized benzimidazole-based oligosaccharides in human platelet activation. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:1520-1528. [PMID: 28949377 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiplatelet agents have considerable benefits in the treatment of thromboembolic diseases; however, these agents still have substantial limitations due to their severe side-effects. In this study, the antiplatelet activity of three newly synthesized saccharide based benzimidazole derivatives, M3BIM, Malto-BIM and Melibio-BIM, in collagen and thrombin-stimulated human platelets in vitro was examined. Among the compounds tested, only compound M3BIM exerted concentration (20-60 µM)-dependent inhibitory effects against collagen (1 µg/ml) and thrombin (0.01 U/ml)-induced washed human platelet aggregation. Moreover, at a concentration of 60 µM, M3BIM distinctly abolished collagen-induced adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release and intracellular Ca2+ mobilization. Additionally, this compound attenuated the collagen-induced phosphorylation of p47, a marker of the activation of protein kinase C (PKC) and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). However, Malto-BIM and Melibio-BIM were not effective in this regard. Moreover, the toxic effects of these compounds were evaluated using zebrafish embryo toxicity (ZET) assay, and the results revealed that all three compounds had no comparative cytotoxicity within the range of 25-200 µM. Overall, the results of this study provide evidence for the inhibitory effects of M3BIM on collagen-induced platelet aggregation in vitro compared to other imidazole derivatives. The presence of 1-imidazolyl moiety at one end with a longer chain length (three sugar moieties) may be mainly responsible for the observed effects of M3BIM. These results suggest that compound M3BIM may be used as a potential candidate for the treatment of aberrant platelet activation-related diseases as it inhibits the activation of p47 and p38 MAPK, and reduces ATP release and Ca2+ mobilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei 111, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wen-Hsien Hsu
- School of Medicine, Fu-Jen Catholic University, Xin Zhuang, New Taipei City 242, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wen-Bin Yang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Thanasekaran Jayakumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Tzu-Yin Lee
- Department of Pharmacology and Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Joen-Rong Sheu
- Department of Pharmacology and Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Wan-Jung Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan, R.O.C
| | - Jiun-Yi Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Wu H, Jiang K, Zhang T, Zhao G, Deng G. Hydroxytyrosol exerts an anti-inflammatory effect by suppressing Toll-like receptor 2 and TLR 2 downstream pathways in Staphylococcus aureus-induced mastitis in mice. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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11
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Lourenço AL, Salvador RRS, Silva LA, Saito MS, Mello JFR, Cabral LM, Rodrigues CR, Vera MAF, Muri EMF, de Souza AMT, Craik CS, Dias LRS, Castro HC, Sathler PC. Synthesis and mechanistic evaluation of novel N'-benzylidene-carbohydrazide-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine derivatives as non-anionic antiplatelet agents. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 135:213-229. [PMID: 28453995 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) account for over 17 million deaths globally each year, with atherosclerosis as the underlying cause of most CVDs. Herein we describe the synthesis and in vitro mechanistic evaluation of novel N'-benzylidene-carbohydrazide-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines (3-22) designed as non-anionic antiplatelet agents and presenting a 30-fold increase in potency compared to aspirin. The mechanism underlying their antiplatelet activity was elucidated by eliminating potential targets through a series of in vitro assays including light transmission aggregometry, clot retraction, and quantitative ELISA, further identifying the reduction in biosynthesis of thromboxane B2 as their main mechanism of action. The intrinsic fluorescence of the compounds permits their binding to platelet membranes to be readily monitored. In silico structure-activity relationship, molecular docking and dynamics studies support the biological profile of the series revealing the molecular basis of their activity and their potential as future molecular therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- André L Lourenço
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia - Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Raquel R S Salvador
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas a Produtos para Saúde (PPG-CAPS) - Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leonardo A Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia (PPBI) - Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Max S Saito
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia - Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Juliana F R Mello
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF) - Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lúcio M Cabral
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF) - Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Carlos R Rodrigues
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF) - Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Maria A F Vera
- Laboratório de Química Medicinal (LQMed) - Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Estela M F Muri
- Laboratório de Química Medicinal (LQMed) - Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Alessandra M T de Souza
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas a Produtos para Saúde (PPG-CAPS) - Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
| | - Charles S Craik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Luiza R S Dias
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas a Produtos para Saúde (PPG-CAPS) - Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Laboratório de Química Medicinal (LQMed) - Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Helena C Castro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia - Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia (PPBI) - Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Plínio C Sathler
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (PPGCF) - Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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12
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Belmonte-Reche E, Martínez-García M, Peñalver P, Gómez-Pérez V, Lucas R, Gamarro F, Pérez-Victoria JM, Morales JC. Tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol derivatives as antitrypanosomal and antileishmanial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 119:132-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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13
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Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity of Alkyl Nitroderivatives of Hydroxytyrosol. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21050656. [PMID: 27213306 PMCID: PMC6272824 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21050656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of alkyl nitrohydroxytyrosyl ether derivatives has been synthesized from free hydroxytyrosol (HT), the natural olive oil phenol, in order to increase the assortment of compounds with potential neuroprotective activity in Parkinson’s disease. In this work, the antioxidant activity of these novel compounds has been evaluated using Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), and Oxygen Radical Scavenging Capacity (ORAC) assays compared to that of nitrohydroxytyrosol (NO2HT) and free HT. New compounds showed variable antioxidant activity depending on the alkyl side chain length; compounds with short chains (2–4 carbon atoms) maintained or even improved the antioxidant activity compared to NO2HT and/or HT, whereas those with longer side chains (6–8 carbon atoms) showed lower activity than NO2HT but higher than HT.
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14
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Sarais G, Crisafulli A, Concu D, Fois A, Raweh A, Concu A. Hydroxytyrosol But Not Resveratrol Ingestion Induced an Acute Increment of Post Exercise Blood Flow in Brachial Artery. Health (London) 2016. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2016.815170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Lemonakis N, Skaltsounis AL, Tsarbopoulos A, Gikas E. Optimization of parameters affecting signal intensity in an LTQ-orbitrap in negative ion mode: A design of experiments approach. Talanta 2015; 147:402-9. [PMID: 26592625 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A multistage optimization of all the parameters affecting detection/response in an LTQ-orbitrap analyzer was performed, using a design of experiments methodology. The signal intensity, a critical issue for mass analysis, was investigated and the optimization process was completed in three successive steps, taking into account the three main regions of an orbitrap, the ion generation, the ion transmission and the ion detection regions. Oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol were selected as the model compounds. Overall, applying this methodology the sensitivity was increased more than 24%, the resolution more than 6.5%, whereas the elapsed scan time was reduced nearly to its half. A high-resolution LTQ Orbitrap Discovery mass spectrometer was used for the determination of the analytes of interest. Thus, oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol were infused via the instruments syringe pump and they were analyzed employing electrospray ionization (ESI) in the negative high-resolution full-scan ion mode. The parameters of the three main regions of the LTQ-orbitrap were independently optimized in terms of maximum sensitivity. In this context, factorial design, response surface model and Plackett-Burman experiments were performed and analysis of variance was carried out to evaluate the validity of the statistical model and to determine the most significant parameters for signal intensity. The optimum MS conditions for each analyte were summarized and the method optimum condition was achieved by maximizing the desirability function. Our observation showed good agreement between the predicted optimum response and the responses collected at the predicted optimum conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Lemonakis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Alexios-Leandros Skaltsounis
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15771 Athens, Greece
| | - Anthony Tsarbopoulos
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Athens Medical School, 11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Evagelos Gikas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Panepistimioupolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece.
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16
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Bernini R, Gilardini Montani MS, Merendino N, Romani A, Velotti F. Hydroxytyrosol-Derived Compounds: A Basis for the Creation of New Pharmacological Agents for Cancer Prevention and Therapy. J Med Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Bernini
- Department
of Agriculture, Nature, Forests and Energy (DAFNE), Tuscia University, Via
S. Camillo De Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | | | - Nicolò Merendino
- Department
of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), Tuscia University, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Annalisa Romani
- PHYTOLAB
(Pharmaceutical, Cosmetic, Food Supplement Technology and Analysis)—DISIA, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Velotti
- Department
of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), Tuscia University, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
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17
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18
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De La Cruz JP, Ruiz-Moreno MI, Guerrero A, Reyes JJ, Benitez-Guerrero A, Espartero JL, González-Correa JA. Differences in the Neuroprotective Effect of Orally Administered Virgin Olive Oil (Olea europaea) Polyphenols Tyrosol and Hydroxytyrosol in Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:5957-5963. [PMID: 26066316 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b00627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The neuroprotective effect of virgin olive oil (VOO) polyphenols has been related to their antioxidant effect. The main objective was to analyze how tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol contribute to the antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of VOO in a model of hypoxia-reoxygenation in rat brain slices. Rats were treated per os (po) (10 or 20 mg/kg/day) with hydroxytyrosol ethyl ether (HTEE), tyrosol ethyl ether (TEE), or 3,4-di-o-methylidene-hydroxytyrosol ethyl ether (MHTEE), used as a negative control for antioxidant effects. Lipid peroxidation was inhibited with HTEE, TEE, and MHTEE (from 5.0 ± 1.5 to 2.6 ± 1.5, 4.5 ± 1.5, and 4.8 ± 1.5 nmol/mg protein, respectively). However, all three compounds had similar neuroprotective effects: from 2.8 ± 0.07 to 1.8 ± 0.02 arbitrary units for HTEE, 1.4 ± 0.09 arbitrary units for TEE, and 1.3 ± 0.2 arbitrary units for MHTEE. All three compounds inhibited 3-nitrotyrosine production (from 3.7 ± 0.3 to 1.2 ± 0.03 nmol/0.1 g tissue for HTEE, 1.0 ± 0.2 nmol/0.1 g tissue for TEE, and 1.3 ± 0.1 nmol/0.1 g tissue for MHTEE), prostaglandin E2 production (from 55.7 ± 2.2 to 46.4 ± 1.9 pg/0.1 g tissue for HTEE, 24.7 ± 1.3 pg/0.1 g tissue for TEE, and 27.6 ± 2.6 pg/0.1 g tissue for MHTEE), whereas only HTEE inhibited IL1β production (from 35.7 ± 1.5 to 21.6 ± 0.8 pg/0.1 g tissue). Pearson correlation coefficients related neuroprotective effect with an antioxidant effect for HTEE (R = 0.72, p < 0.001), and inhibition of nitrosative stress (R = 0.78, 0.67, and 0.66 for HTEE, TEE, and MHTEE, respectively, p < 0.001) and inflammatory mediators (R = 0.72, 0.79, and 0.64 for HTEE, TEE, and MHTEE, respectively, p < 0.001) with all three compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Pedro De La Cruz
- †Laboratorio de Investigaciones Antitrombóticas e Isquemia Tisular (LIAIT), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Maria Isabel Ruiz-Moreno
- †Laboratorio de Investigaciones Antitrombóticas e Isquemia Tisular (LIAIT), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - Ana Guerrero
- †Laboratorio de Investigaciones Antitrombóticas e Isquemia Tisular (LIAIT), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | - José Julio Reyes
- †Laboratorio de Investigaciones Antitrombóticas e Isquemia Tisular (LIAIT), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | | | - José Luis Espartero
- #Departamento de Quı́mica Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - José Antonio González-Correa
- †Laboratorio de Investigaciones Antitrombóticas e Isquemia Tisular (LIAIT), Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, University of Malaga, Malaga, Spain
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19
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De La Cruz J, Ruiz-Moreno M, Guerrero A, López-Villodres J, Reyes J, Espartero J, Labajos M, González-Correa J. Role of the catechol group in the antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of virgin olive oil components in rat brain. J Nutr Biochem 2015; 26:549-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2014.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Revised: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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20
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Lourenço AL, Saito MS, Dorneles LEG, Viana GM, Sathler PC, Aguiar LCDS, de Pádula M, Domingos TFS, Fraga AGM, Rodrigues CR, de Sousa VP, Castro HC, Cabral LM. Synthesis and antiplatelet activity of antithrombotic thiourea compounds: biological and structure-activity relationship studies. Molecules 2015; 20:7174-200. [PMID: 25903367 PMCID: PMC6272548 DOI: 10.3390/molecules20047174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of hematological disorders has increased steadily in Western countries despite the advances in drug development. The high expression of the multi-resistance protein 4 in patients with transitory aspirin resistance, points to the importance of finding new molecules, including those that are not affected by these proteins. In this work, we describe the synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of N,N'-disubstituted thioureas derivatives using in vitro and in silico approaches. New designed compounds inhibit the arachidonic acid pathway in human platelets. The most active thioureas (compounds 3d, 3i, 3m and 3p) displayed IC50 values ranging from 29 to 84 µM with direct influence over in vitro PGE2 and TXA2 formation. In silico evaluation of these compounds suggests that direct blockage of the tyrosyl-radical at the COX-1 active site is achieved by strong hydrophobic contacts as well as electrostatic interactions. A low toxicity profile of this series was observed through hemolytic, genotoxic and mutagenic assays. The most active thioureas were able to reduce both PGE2 and TXB2 production in human platelets, suggesting a direct inhibition of COX-1. These results reinforce their promising profile as lead antiplatelet agents for further in vivo experimental investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Luiz Lourenço
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Patologia, Departamento de Patologia, Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro (HUAP), Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói CEP 24033-900, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Max Seidy Saito
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Patologia, Departamento de Patologia, Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro (HUAP), Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói CEP 24033-900, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Luís Eduardo Gomes Dorneles
- LabTIF, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro CEP 21941-902, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Gil Mendes Viana
- LabTIF, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro CEP 21941-902, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Plínio Cunha Sathler
- LabTIF, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro CEP 21941-902, RJ, Brazil.
| | | | - Marcelo de Pádula
- LabTIF, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro CEP 21941-902, RJ, Brazil.
| | | | - Aline Guerra Manssour Fraga
- LabTIF, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro CEP 21941-902, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Carlos Rangel Rodrigues
- ModMolQSAR, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro CEP 21941-902, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Valeria Pereira de Sousa
- LabTIF, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro CEP 21941-902, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Helena Carla Castro
- LABiEMOL, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói CEP 24033-900, RJ, Brazil.
| | - Lucio Mendes Cabral
- LabTIF, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro CEP 21941-902, RJ, Brazil.
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21
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Cert R, Madrona A, Espartero JL, Pérez-Camino MC. Antioxidant activity of alkyl hydroxytyrosyl ethers in unsaturated lipids. Food Funct 2015; 6:1999-2007. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fo00300h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The addition of alkyl HTy ethers to polyunsaturated oils preserves tocopherols and fatty acids and maintains their nutritional properties for longer periods of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Cert
- Instituto de la Grasa
- CSIC
- Campus Universidad Pablo de Olavide
- E41013 Seville
- Spain
| | - Andrés Madrona
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica
- Universidad de Sevilla
- E-41012 Seville
- Spain
| | - José Luis Espartero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica
- Universidad de Sevilla
- E-41012 Seville
- Spain
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22
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Trujillo M, Gallardo E, Madrona A, Bravo L, Sarriá B, González-Correa JA, Mateos R, Espartero JL. Synthesis and antioxidant activity of nitrohydroxytyrosol and its acyl derivatives. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:10297-10303. [PMID: 25264851 DOI: 10.1021/jf503543x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A series of nitroderivatives has been synthesized from hydroxytyrosol, the natural olive oil phenol, to increase the assortment of compounds with putative effects against Parkinson's disease. Nitrohydroxytyrosyl esters were obtained from nitrohydroxytyrosol using a chemoselective one-step, high-yield, transesterification procedure. The antioxidant activity of these new series of nitrocatechols was evaluated using FRAP, ABTS, and ORAC assays and compared to that of free hydroxytyrosol. The nitro functional group induced a significant increase in the antioxidant activity of nitrohydroxytyrosol compared to hydroxytyrosol. Regarding nitroester derivatives, variable antioxidant activity was observed depending on the acyl side-chain length; shorter chains maintained or even enhanced the antioxidant activity compared to nitrohydroxytyrosol, decreasing the activity with longer side chains in keeping with their lipophilic nature. Therefore, it may be concluded that nitroester derivatives of hydroxytyrosol, which may be obtained by a simple, high-yield reaction, have elevated antioxidant activity and thus present potential bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Trujillo
- Department of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Seville , Seville, Spain
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23
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Bozzini T, Botta G, Delfino M, Onofri S, Saladino R, Amatore D, Sgarbanti R, Nencioni L, Palamara AT. Tyrosinase and Layer-by-Layer supported tyrosinases in the synthesis of lipophilic catechols with antiinfluenza activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:7699-708. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2013.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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24
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Hydroxytyrosyl alkyl ether derivatives inhibit platelet activation after oral administration to rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2013; 58:295-300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2013] [Revised: 04/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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25
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Calderón-Montaño JM, Madrona A, Burgos-Morón E, Orta ML, Mateos S, Espartero JL, López-Lázaro M. Selective cytotoxic activity of new lipophilic hydroxytyrosol alkyl ether derivatives. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:5046-5053. [PMID: 23638972 DOI: 10.1021/jf400796p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Recent data suggest that hydroxytyrosol, a phenolic compound of virgin olive oils, has anticancer activity. This communication reports the synthesis of decyl and hexadecyl hydroxytyrosyl ethers, as well as the cytotoxic activity of hydroxytyrosol and a series of seven hydroxytyrosol alkyl ether derivatives against A549 lung cancer cells and MRC5 non-malignant lung fibroblasts. Hydroxytyrosyl dodecyl ether (HTDE) showed the highest selective cytotoxicity, and possible mechanisms of action were investigated; results suggest that HTDE can moderately inhibit glycolysis, induce oxidative stress, and cause DNA damage in A549 cells. The combination of HTDE with the anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil induced a synergistic cytotoxicity in A549 cancer cells but not in non-malignant MRC5 cells. HTDE also displayed selective cytotoxicity against MCF7 breast cancer cells versus MCF10 normal breast epithelial cells in the 1-30 μM range. These results suggest that the cytotoxicity of HTDE is more potent and selective than that of parent compound hydroxytyrosol.
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