1
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Souza LL, Moura EG, Lisboa PC. Can mothers consume caffeine? The issue of early life exposure and metabolic changes in offspring. Toxicol Lett 2024; 393:96-106. [PMID: 38387763 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Caffeine is a substance with central and metabolic effects. Although it is recommended that its use be limited during pregnancy, many women continue to consume caffeine. Direct and indirect actions of caffeine in fetuses and newborns promote adaptive changes, according to the Developmental Origins of Health and Diseases (DOHaD) concept. In fact, epidemiological and experimental evidence reveals the impact of early caffeine exposure. Here, we reviewed these findings with an emphasis on experimental models with rodents. The similarity of human and rodent caffeine metabolism allows the comprehension of molecular mechanisms affected by prenatal caffeine exposure. Maternal caffeine intake affects the body weight and endocrine system of offspring at birth and has long-term effects on the endocrine system, liver function, glucose and lipid metabolism, the cardiac system, the reproductive system, and behavior. Interestingly, some of these effects are sex dependent. Thus, the dose of caffeine considered safe for pregnant women may not be adequate for the prenatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana L Souza
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Egberto G Moura
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Patricia C Lisboa
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences, Roberto Alcantara Gomes Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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2
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Paula TDMDE, Cardoso LC, Felicioni F, Caldeira-Brant AL, Santos TG, Castro-Oliveira H, Menezes GB, Bloise E, Chiarini-Garcia H, de Almeida FRCL. Maternal chronic caffeine intake impairs fertility, placental vascularization and fetal development in mice. Reprod Toxicol 2023; 121:108471. [PMID: 37717671 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2023.108471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Caffeine is commonly consumed by pregnant women to avoid fatigue or as a habit. However, it is not clearly determined its side effects to the conceptuses. This study evaluated placental morphofunctional alterations after maternal chronic caffeine intake and the effects on fetal growth. Female Swiss mice received, via gavage, caffeine doses (either 60, 120 or 240 mg/kg/day) seven days before mating until gestational days-(GD) 11.5 or 17.5. Fetal biometrical parameters were assessed, and placentae were either submitted to histomorphometrical or molecular evaluation of angiogenesis (placental growth factor-1[PlGF-1]), apoptosis (Caspase-3) and proliferation (Ki-67) markers (evaluated in Swiss dams) and to intravital microscopy (evaluated in C57BL/6 dams). Caffeine exposed fetuses exhibited intrauterine growth restriction in a sex-dependent manner, with greater commitment of female fetuses (P < 0.05). In addition, placentae from dams that received 120 mg/kg/day showed less irrigation by maternal blood and greater development of fetal vasculature, characterized by higher number of larger vessels (P < 0.05). Although no effects on apoptosis (Caspase-3) and angiogenesis (PlGF-1) were observed, dams treated with 60 mg/kg/day showed greater placental cell proliferation (Ki-67 staining) at GD 11.5 (P < 0.05). The group treated with 240 mg/kg/day exhibited only one pregnant dam for each gestational age, suggesting that this high caffeine consumption may compromise fertility. Taken together, even in the doses currently ingested by many pregnant women, caffeine has detrimental effects on placental vasculature and fetal development in mice. Therefore, our results strongly suggest that caffeine consumption in human pregnancies greater than the recommended doses should be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thais de Merici Domingues E Paula
- Laboratory of Structural Biology and Reproduction, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Lucas Carvalho Cardoso
- Laboratory of Structural Biology and Reproduction, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernando Felicioni
- Laboratory of Structural Biology and Reproduction, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Andre Lucas Caldeira-Brant
- Laboratory of Structural Biology and Reproduction, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Magee-Womens Research Institute, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Thais Garcia Santos
- Laboratory of Structural Biology and Reproduction, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Hortencia Castro-Oliveira
- Center of Gastrointestinal Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Batista Menezes
- Center of Gastrointestinal Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Enrrico Bloise
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathogenesis, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Helio Chiarini-Garcia
- Laboratory of Structural Biology and Reproduction, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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3
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Tain YL, Hsu CN. Novel Insights on Dietary Polyphenols for Prevention in Early-Life Origins of Hypertension: A Review Focusing on Preclinical Animal Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126620. [PMID: 35743061 PMCID: PMC9223825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are the largest group of phytochemicals with health benefits. Early life appears to offer a critical window of opportunity for launching interventions focused on preventing hypertension, as increasing evidence supports the supposition that hypertension can originate in early life. Although polyphenols have antihypertensive actions, knowledge of the potential beneficial action of the early use of polyphenols to avert the development of hypertension is limited. Thus, in this review, we first provide a brief summary of the chemistry and biological function of polyphenols. Then, we present the current epidemiological and experimental evidence supporting the early-life origins of hypertension. We also document animal data on the use of specific polyphenols as an early-life intervention to protect offspring against hypertension in adulthood and discuss underlying mechanisms. Continued research into the use of polyphenols to prevent hypertension from starting early in life will have far-reaching implications for future health.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-975-368-975; Fax: +886-7733-8009
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4
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Tain YL, Hsu CN. Developmental and Early Life Origins of Hypertension: Preventive Aspects of Melatonin. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:924. [PMID: 35624788 PMCID: PMC9138087 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension represents a major disease burden worldwide. Abundant evidence suggests that hypertension can originate in early life. Adverse programming processes can be prevented by early life intervention-namely, reprogramming-to avoid developing chronic diseases later in life. Melatonin is an endogenously produced hormone with a multifaceted biological function. Although melatonin supplementation has shown benefits for human health, less attention has been paid to exploring its reprogramming effects on the early life origins of hypertension. In this review, first, we discuss the physiological roles of melatonin in pregnancy, fetal development, and the regulation of blood pressure. Then, we summarize the epidemiological and experimental evidence for the early life origins of hypertension. This is followed by a description of the animal models used to examine early melatonin therapy as a reprogramming strategy to protect against the early life origins of hypertension. A deeper understanding of the developmental programming of hypertension and recent advances in early melatonin intervention might provide a path forward in reducing the global burden of hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
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5
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Tain YL, Hsu CN. Hypertension of Developmental Origins: Consideration of Gut Microbiome in Animal Models. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040875. [PMID: 35453625 PMCID: PMC9030804 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is the leading cause of global disease burden. Hypertension can arise from early life. Animal models are valuable for giving cogent evidence of a causal relationship between various environmental insults in early life and the hypertension of developmental origins in later life. These insults consist of maternal malnutrition, maternal medical conditions, medication use, and exposure to environmental chemicals/toxins. There is a burgeoning body of evidence on maternal insults can shift gut microbiota, resulting in adverse offspring outcomes later in life. Emerging evidence suggests that gut microbiota dysbiosis is involved in hypertension of developmental origins, while gut microbiota-targeted therapy, if applied early, is able to help prevent hypertension in later life. This review discusses the innovative use of animal models in addressing the mechanisms behind hypertension of developmental origins. We will also highlight the application of animal models to elucidate how the gut microbiota connects with other core mechanisms, and the potential of gut microbiota-targeted therapy as a novel preventive strategy to prevent hypertension of developmental origins. These animal models have certainly enhanced our understanding of hypertension of developmental origins, closing the knowledge gap between animal models and future clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-975-368-975; Fax: +886-7733-8009
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6
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Chavva H, Belcher AM, Brazeau DA, Rorabaugh BR. Prenatal Exposure to Methamphetamine Causes Vascular Dysfunction in Adult Male Rat Offspring. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:830983. [PMID: 35155639 PMCID: PMC8826446 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.830983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Methamphetamine use during pregnancy can have negative consequences on the offspring. However, most studies investigating the impact of prenatal exposure to methamphetamine have focused on behavioral and neurological outcomes. Relatively little is known regarding the impact of prenatal methamphetamine on the adult cardiovascular system. This study investigated the impact of chronic fetal exposure to methamphetamine on vascular function in adult offspring. Pregnant female rats received daily saline or methamphetamine (5 mg/kg) injections starting on gestational day 1 and continuing until the pups were born. Vascular function was assessed in 5 month old offspring. Prenatal methamphetamine significantly decreased both the efficacy and potency of acetylcholine-induced relaxation in isolated male (but not female) aortas when perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) remained intact. However, prenatal methamphetamine had no impact on acetylcholine-induced relaxation when PVAT was removed. Nitroprusside-induced relaxation of the aorta was unaffected by prenatal methamphetamine. Angiotensin II-induced contractile responses were significantly potentiated in male (but not female) aortas regardless of the presence of PVAT. This effect was reversed by L-nitro arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Serotonin- and phenylephrine-induced contraction were unaffected by prenatal methamphetamine. Prenatal methamphetamine had no impact on acetylcholine-induced relaxation of third order mesenteric arteries and no effect on basal blood pressure. These data provide evidence that prenatal exposure to methamphetamine sex-dependently alters vasomotor function in the vasculature and may increase the risk of developing vascular disorders later in adult life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasitha Chavva
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Marshall University School of Pharmacy, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Adam M Belcher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Marshall University School of Pharmacy, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Daniel A Brazeau
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Marshall University School of Pharmacy, Huntington, WV, United States.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall University School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, United States
| | - Boyd R Rorabaugh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Marshall University School of Pharmacy, Huntington, WV, United States.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Marshall University School of Medicine, Huntington, WV, United States
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7
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Animal Models for DOHaD Research: Focus on Hypertension of Developmental Origins. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9060623. [PMID: 34072634 PMCID: PMC8227380 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9060623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that fetal programming through environmental exposure during a critical window of early life leads to long-term detrimental outcomes, by so-called developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD). Hypertension can originate in early life. Animal models are essential for providing convincing evidence of a causal relationship between diverse early-life insults and the developmental programming of hypertension in later life. These insults include nutritional imbalances, maternal illnesses, exposure to environmental chemicals, and medication use. In addition to reviewing the various insults that contribute to hypertension of developmental origins, this review focuses on the benefits of animal models in addressing the underlying mechanisms by which early-life interventions can reprogram disease processes and prevent the development of hypertension. Our understanding of hypertension of developmental origins has been enhanced by each of these animal models, narrowing the knowledge gap between animal models and future clinical translation.
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8
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Rorabaugh BR. Does Prenatal Exposure to CNS Stimulants Increase the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Adult Offspring? Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:652634. [PMID: 33748200 PMCID: PMC7969998 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.652634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to an adverse uterine environment can have long lasting effects on adult offspring through DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and other epigenetic effects that alter gene expression and physiology. It is well-known that consumption of CNS stimulants such as caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines, and cocaine during pregnancy can adversely impact the offspring. However, most work in this area has focused on neurological and behavioral outcomes and has been limited to assessments in young offspring. The impact of prenatal exposure to these agents on the adult cardiovascular system has received relatively little attention. Evidence from both animal and human studies indicate that exposure to CNS stimulants during the gestational period can negatively impact the adult heart and vasculature, potentially leading to cardiovascular diseases later in life. This review discusses our current understanding of the impact of prenatal exposure to cocaine, methamphetamine, nicotine, and caffeine on the adult cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyd R Rorabaugh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Marshall University School of Pharmacy, Huntington, WV, United States
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9
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Hsu CN, Tain YL. Targeting the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System to Prevent Hypertension and Kidney Disease of Developmental Origins. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052298. [PMID: 33669059 PMCID: PMC7956566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is implicated in hypertension and kidney disease. The developing kidney can be programmed by various early-life insults by so-called renal programming, resulting in hypertension and kidney disease in adulthood. This theory is known as developmental origins of health and disease (DOHaD). Conversely, early RAAS-based interventions could reverse program processes to prevent a disease from occurring by so-called reprogramming. In the current review, we mainly summarize (1) the current knowledge on the RAAS implicated in renal programming; (2) current evidence supporting the connections between the aberrant RAAS and other mechanisms behind renal programming, such as oxidative stress, nitric oxide deficiency, epigenetic regulation, and gut microbiota dysbiosis; and (3) an overview of how RAAS-based reprogramming interventions may prevent hypertension and kidney disease of developmental origins. To accelerate the transition of RAAS-based interventions for prevention of hypertension and kidney disease, an extended comprehension of the RAAS implicated in renal programming is needed, as well as a greater focus on further clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Ning Hsu
- Department of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan;
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - You-Lin Tain
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-975-056-995; Fax: +886-7733-8009
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10
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Prenatal caffeine exposure induces down-regulation of the protein kinase A/ryanodine receptor/large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ pathway in the cerebral arteries of old offspring rats. J Hypertens 2020; 38:679-691. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000002303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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11
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Ferraro AA, Barbieri MA, da Silva AAM, Goldani MZ, Fernandes MTB, Cardoso VC, Stein AD, Bettiol H. Cesarean Delivery and Hypertension in Early Adulthood. Am J Epidemiol 2019; 188:1296-1303. [PMID: 31111861 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwz096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The rate of cesarean delivery (CD) is high in many parts of the world. Birth via CD has been associated with adverse later health outcomes, such as obesity, asthma, and type 1 diabetes mellitus. Few studies have focused on hypertension. We investigated the associations of CD with hypertension, systolic blood pressure (BP), and diastolic BP and tested whether body mass index (BMI; weight (kg)/height (m)2) was a mediator of these associations in a birth cohort (n = 2,020) assembled in 1978-1979 and followed up in 2002-2004 in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. The CD rate was 32.0%. Hypertension was present in 11.7% of persons born via CD and 7.7% of those born vaginally. Being born by CD increased the odds of hypertension by 51% (odds ratio = 1.51, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10, 2.07). After adjustment for confounders, this estimate changed little (odds ratio = 1.49, 95% CI: 1.07, 2.06). In a mediation analysis, odds ratios for the indirect and direct effects were 1.18 (95% CI: 1.11, 1.25) and 1.31 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.65), respectively. CD also had indirect effects on both systolic and diastolic BP via BMI. Our findings suggest that CD is associated with young-adult hypertension and that this association is at least partially mediated by BMI. This has implications for countries struggling with the burden of noncommunicable diseases and where CD rates are high.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marco Antônio Barbieri
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Zubaran Goldani
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Viviane Cunha Cardoso
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Aryeh David Stein
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Heloisa Bettiol
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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12
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Fang X, Poulsen RR, Rivkees SA, Wendler CC. In Utero Caffeine Exposure Induces Transgenerational Effects on the Adult Heart. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34106. [PMID: 27677355 PMCID: PMC5039698 DOI: 10.1038/srep34106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Each year millions of pregnant woman are exposed to caffeine, which acts to antagonize adenosine action. The long-term consequences of this exposure on the developing fetus are largely unknown, although in animal models we have found adverse effects on cardiac function. To assess if these effects are transmitted transgenerationally, we exposed pregnant mice to caffeine equivalent to 2–4 cups of coffee at two embryonic stages. Embryos (F1 generation) exposed to caffeine early from embryonic (E) day 6.5–9.5 developed a phenotype similar to dilated cardiomyopathy by 1 year of age. Embryos exposed to caffeine later (E10.5–13.5) were not affected. We next examined the F2 generation and F3 generation of mice exposed to caffeine from E10.5–13.5, as this coincides with germ cell development. These F2 generation adult mice developed a cardiac phenotype similar to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The F3 generation exhibited morphological changes in adult hearts, including increased mass. This report shows that in utero caffeine exposure has long-term effects into adulthood and that prenatal caffeine exposure can exert adverse transgenerational effects on adult cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiefan Fang
- Child Health Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Ryan R Poulsen
- Child Health Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Scott A Rivkees
- Child Health Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Christopher C Wendler
- Child Health Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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13
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Zulli A, Smith RM, Kubatka P, Novak J, Uehara Y, Loftus H, Qaradakhi T, Pohanka M, Kobyliak N, Zagatina A, Klimas J, Hayes A, La Rocca G, Soucek M, Kruzliak P. Caffeine and cardiovascular diseases: critical review of current research. Eur J Nutr 2016; 55:1331-43. [PMID: 26932503 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-016-1179-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Caffeine is a most widely consumed physiological stimulant worldwide, which is consumed via natural sources, such as coffee and tea, and now marketed sources such as energy drinks and other dietary supplements. This wide use has led to concerns regarding the safety of caffeine and its proposed beneficial role in alertness, performance and energy expenditure and side effects in the cardiovascular system. The question remains "Which dose is safe?", as the population does not appear to adhere to the strict guidelines listed on caffeine consumption. Studies in humans and animal models yield controversial results, which can be explained by population, type and dose of caffeine and low statistical power. This review will focus on comprehensive and critical review of the current literature and provide an avenue for further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Zulli
- Centre for Chronic Disease (CCD), College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Renee M Smith
- Centre for Chronic Disease (CCD), College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Jan Novak
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, St. Anne's University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Physiology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Yoshio Uehara
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Home Economics, Kyoritsu Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hayley Loftus
- Centre for Chronic Disease (CCD), College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tawar Qaradakhi
- Centre for Chronic Disease (CCD), College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Miroslav Pohanka
- Faculty of Military Health Sciences, University of Defence, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Jan Klimas
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Odborarov 10, 832 32, Bratislava, Slovak Republic
| | - Alan Hayes
- Centre for Chronic Disease (CCD), College of Health and Biomedicine, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Giampiero La Rocca
- Human Anatomy Section, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.,Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Miroslav Soucek
- 2nd Department of Internal Medicine, St. Anne's University Hospital and Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Kruzliak
- Laboratory of Structural Biology and Proteomics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Palackeho tr 1/1946, Brno, 612 42, Czech Republic.
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14
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Li N, Li Y, Gao Q, Li D, Tang J, Sun M, Zhang P, Liu B, Mao C, Xu Z. Chronic fetal exposure to caffeine altered resistance vessel functions via RyRs-BKCa down-regulation in rat offspring. Sci Rep 2015; 5:13225. [PMID: 26277840 PMCID: PMC4642531 DOI: 10.1038/srep13225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Caffeine modifies vascular/cardiac contractility. Embryonic exposure to caffeine altered cardiac functions in offspring. This study determined chronic influence of prenatal caffeine on vessel functions in offspring. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats (5-month-old) were exposed to high dose of caffeine, their offspring (5-month-old) were tested for vascular functions in mesenteric arteries (MA) and ion channel activities in smooth muscle cells. Prenatal exposure to caffeine increased pressor responses and vasoconstrictions to phenylephrine, accompanied by enhanced membrane depolarization. Large conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BKCa) channels in buffering phenylephrine-induced vasoconstrictions was decreased, whole cell BKCa currents and spontaneous transient outward currents (STOCs) were decreased. Single channel recordings revealed reduced voltage/Ca2+ sensitivity of BKCa channels. BKCa α-subunit expression was unchanged, BKCa β1-subunit and sensitivity of BKCa to tamoxifen were reduced in the caffeine offspring as altered biophysical properties of BKCa in the MA. Simultaneous [Ca2+]i fluorescence and vasoconstriction testing showed reduced Ca2+, leading to diminished BKCa activation via ryanodine receptor Ca2+ release channels (RyRs), causing enhanced vascular tone. Reduced RyR1 was greater than that of RyR3. The results suggest that the altered STOCs activity in the caffeine offspring could attribute to down-regulation of RyRs-BKCa, providing new information for further understanding increased risks of hypertension in developmental origins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yongmei Li
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qinqin Gao
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dawei Li
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Tang
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Miao Sun
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Pengjie Zhang
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bailin Liu
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Caiping Mao
- Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhice Xu
- 1] Institute for Fetology, First Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China [2] Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University, California, USA
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Souza AC, Souza A, Medeiros LF, De Oliveira C, Scarabelot VL, Da Silva RS, Bogo MR, Capiotti KM, Kist LW, Bonan CD, Caumo W, Torres IL. Maternal caffeine exposure alters neuromotor development and hippocampus acetylcholinesterase activity in rat offspring. Brain Res 2015; 1595:10-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 09/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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16
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Fang X, Mei W, Barbazuk WB, Rivkees SA, Wendler CC. Caffeine exposure alters cardiac gene expression in embryonic cardiomyocytes. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2014; 307:R1471-87. [PMID: 25354728 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00307.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated that in utero caffeine treatment at embryonic day (E) 8.5 alters DNA methylation patterns, gene expression, and cardiac function in adult mice. To provide insight into the mechanisms, we examined cardiac gene and microRNA (miRNA) expression in cardiomyocytes shortly after exposure to physiologically relevant doses of caffeine. In HL-1 and primary embryonic cardiomyocytes, caffeine treatment for 48 h significantly altered the expression of cardiac structural genes (Myh6, Myh7, Myh7b, Tnni3), hormonal genes (Anp and BnP), cardiac transcription factors (Gata4, Mef2c, Mef2d, Nfatc1), and microRNAs (miRNAs; miR208a, miR208b, miR499). In addition, expressions of these genes were significantly altered in embryonic hearts exposed to in utero caffeine. For in utero experiments, pregnant CD-1 dams were treated with 20-60 mg/kg of caffeine, which resulted in maternal circulation levels of 37.3-65.3 μM 2 h after treatment. RNA sequencing was performed on embryonic ventricles treated with vehicle or 20 mg/kg of caffeine daily from E6.5-9.5. Differential expression (DE) analysis revealed that 124 genes and 849 transcripts were significantly altered, and differential exon usage (DEU) analysis identified 597 exons that were changed in response to prenatal caffeine exposure. Among the DE genes identified by RNA sequencing were several cardiac structural genes and genes that control DNA methylation and histone modification. Pathway analysis revealed that pathways related to cardiovascular development and diseases were significantly affected by caffeine. In addition, global cardiac DNA methylation was reduced in caffeine-treated cardiomyocytes. Collectively, these data demonstrate that caffeine exposure alters gene expression and DNA methylation in embryonic cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiefan Fang
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and
| | - Wenbin Mei
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | | | - Scott A Rivkees
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and
| | - Christopher C Wendler
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida; and
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