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Zou X, Liu Y, Cui M, Wan Q, Chu X. The in vitro intestinal cell model: different co-cultured cells create different applications. J Drug Target 2024; 32:529-543. [PMID: 38537662 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2024.2333877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
As a vitro absorption model, the Caco-2 cells originate from a human colon adenocarcinomas and can differentiate into a cell layer with enterocyte-like features. The Caco-2 cell model is popularly applied to explore drug transport mechanisms, to evaluate the permeability of drug and to predict the absorption of drugs or bioactive substances in the gut. However, there are limitations to the application of Caco-2 cell model due to lack of a mucus layer, the long culture period and the inability to accurately simulate the intestinal environment. The most frequent way to expand the Caco-2 cell model and address its limitations is by co-culturing it with other cells or substances. This article reviews the culture methods and applications of 3D and 2D co-culture cell models established around Caco-2 cells. It also concludes with a summary of model strengths and weaknesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingyu Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Yue Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Mengyao Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Qing Wan
- Tongling Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Tongling, China
| | - Xiaoqin Chu
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Hefei, China
- Engineering Technology Research Center of Modern Pharmaceutical Preparation, Anhui Province, Hefei, China
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Watson BE, Miles JA, Moss MA. Human in vitro blood barrier models: architectures and applications. Tissue Barriers 2024; 12:2222628. [PMID: 37339009 PMCID: PMC11042067 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2023.2222628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood barriers serve as key points of transport for essential molecules as well as lines of defense to protect against toxins. In vitro modeling of these barriers is common practice in the study of their physiology and related diseases. This review describes a common method of using an adaptable, low cost, semipermeable, suspended membrane to experimentally model three blood barriers in the human body: the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the gut-blood barrier (GBB), and the air-blood barrier (ABB). The GBB and ABB both protect from the outside environment, while the BBB protects the central nervous system from potential neurotoxic agents in the blood. These barriers share several commonalities, including the formation of tight junctions, polarized cellular monolayers, and circulatory system contact. Cell architectures used to mimic barrier anatomy as well as applications to study function, dysfunction, and response provide an overview of the versatility enabled by these cultural systems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia A. Miles
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Univ of South Carolina, Columbia, SCUSA
| | - Melissa A. Moss
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Univ of South Carolina, Columbia, SCUSA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Univ of South Carolina, Columbia, SCUSA
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Rivera-Jiménez J, Berraquero-García C, Pérez-Gálvez R, García-Moreno PJ, Espejo-Carpio FJ, Guadix A, Guadix EM. Peptides and protein hydrolysates exhibiting anti-inflammatory activity: sources, structural features and modulation mechanisms. Food Funct 2022; 13:12510-12540. [PMID: 36420754 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02223k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is the response of the immune system to harmful stimuli such as tissue injury, infection or toxic chemicals, which has the aim of eliminating irritants or pathogenic microorganisms and enhancing tissue repair. Uncontrolled long-lasting acute inflammation can gradually progress to chronic, causing a variety of chronic inflammatory diseases that are usually treated with anti-inflammatory drugs, but most of them are inadequate to control chronic responses and are also associated with adverse side effects. Thus, many efforts are being directed to develop alternative and more selective anti-inflammatory therapies from natural products. One main field of interest is the obtaining of bioactive peptides exhibiting anti-inflammatory activity from sustainable protein sources like edible insects or agroindustry and fishing by-products. This work highlighted the structure-activity relationship of anti-inflammatory peptides. Small peptides with molecular weight under 1 kDa and amino acid chain length between 2 to 20 residues are generally the most active because of the higher probability to be absorbed in the intestine and penetrate into cells when compared with the larger size peptides. The presence of hydrophobic (Val, Ile, Pro) and positively charged (His, Arg, Lys) amino acids is another common occurrence for anti-inflammatory peptides. Interestingly, a high percentage (77%) of these bioactive peptides can be found in alternative sustainable protein sources such as Tenebrio molitor or sunflower, apart from its original protein source. However, not all of these peptides with anti-inflammatory potential in vitro achieve good scores by the in silico bioactivity predictors studied. Therefore, it is essential to implement current bioinformatics tools, in order to complement in vitro experiments with prior prediction of potential bioactive peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rivera-Jiménez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | | | - Raúl Pérez-Gálvez
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | | | | | - Antonio Guadix
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - Emilia M Guadix
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
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Isolation of Immunomodulatory Biopeptides from Atlantic Mackerel (Scomber scombrus) Protein Hydrolysate based on Molecular Weight, Charge, and Hydrophobicity. FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11947-022-02786-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Abachi S, Pilon G, Marette A, Bazinet L, Beaulieu L. Immunomodulatory effects of fish peptides on cardiometabolic syndrome associated risk factors: A review. FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.2014861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Abachi
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Geneviève Pilon
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiology Axis of the Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - André Marette
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Cardiology Axis of the Quebec Heart and Lung Institute, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Laurent Bazinet
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lucie Beaulieu
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada
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Jia L, Wang L, Liu C, Liang Y, Lin Q. Bioactive peptides from foods: production, function, and application. Food Funct 2021; 12:7108-7125. [PMID: 34223585 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo01265g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive peptides are a class of peptides with special physiological functions and have potential applications in human health and disease prevention. Bioactive peptides have gained much research attention because they affect the cardiovascular, endocrine, immune, and nervous systems. Recent research has reported that bioactive peptides are of great value for physiological function regulation, including antioxidation, anti-hypertension, antithrombosis, antibacterial properties, anti-cancer, anti-inflammation, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, cholesterol-lowering, immunoregulation, mineral binding and opioid activities. The production of food-derived bioactive peptides is mainly through the hydrolysis of digestive enzymes and proteolytic enzymes or microbial fermentation. The purpose of this review is to introduce the production, function, application, challenges, and prospects of food-derived bioactive peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liting Jia
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Processed Food For Special Medical Purpose, Hunan Key Laboratory of Edible Forestry Resources Safety and Processing Utilization, National Engineering Laboratory for Rice and By-product Deep Processing, School of Food Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China.
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Abstract
The repurposing of by-products and the reduction of waste from food processing streams is an ever-increasing area of interest. Brewer’s spent yeast (BSY) is a prevalent by-product of the brewing industry. The spent yeast cells are removed at the end of the bulk fermentation. A small amount of it is used to start the next batch of fermentation; however, the majority of the spent yeast is discarded. This discarded yeast is high in nutrients, in particular proteins, vitamins and minerals, as well as containing functional and biologically active compounds such as polyphenols, antioxidants, β-glucans and mannoproteins. At present, BSY is mainly used in animal feed as a cheap and readily available source of protein. This review explores alternative, value-added applications for brewer’s spent yeast including nutritional ingredients, functional food additives as well as non-food applications. A major challenge in the utilization of BSY in food for human consumption is the high level of RNA. An excess of RNA in the diet can lead to an increase in uric acid in the bloodstream, potentially causing painful health conditions like gout. This issue can be overcome by RNA degradation and removal via additional treatment, namely heat treatment and enzymatic treatment. There is potential for the use of BSY ingredients in various food applications, including meat substitutes, bakery products and savory snacks.
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Martínez-Sánchez SM, Gabaldón-Hernández JA, Montoro-García S. Unravelling the molecular mechanisms associated with the role of food-derived bioactive peptides in promoting cardiovascular health. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.103645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Fernández-Tomé S, Hernández-Ledesma B, Chaparro M, Indiano-Romacho P, Bernardo D, Gisbert JP. Role of food proteins and bioactive peptides in inflammatory bowel disease. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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