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Schlussel MM, Rigutto-Farebrother J. Improving reporting standards in nutrition trials: a collaboration between FENS and the EQUATOR Network. Eur J Nutr 2024; 63:2389-2390. [PMID: 38713230 PMCID: PMC11377485 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03413-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael M Schlussel
- UK EQUATOR Centre, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology & Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Jessica Rigutto-Farebrother
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Epigenetics, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, LFV A44, Schmelzbergstrasse 7, Zürich, 8092, Switzerland.
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Silva FM, Amorim Adegboye AR, Curioni C, Gomes F, Collins GS, Kac G, Cook J, Ismail LC, Page MJ, Khandpur N, Lamb S, Hopewell S, Saleh S, Kirtley S, Bernardes S, Durão S, Vorland CJ, Lima J, Rebelo F, Cunha Figueiredo AC, Braga Tibaes JR, Tavares M, da Silva Fink J, Maia de Sousa T, Chester-Jones M, Bi D, Naude C, Schlussel M. Reporting completeness of nutrition and diet-related randomised controlled trials protocols. Clin Nutr 2024; 43:1626-1635. [PMID: 38795681 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS There is a need to consolidate reporting guidance for nutrition randomised controlled trial (RCT) protocols. The reporting completeness in nutrition RCT protocols and study characteristics associated with adherence to SPIRIT and TIDieR reporting guidelines are unknown. We, therefore, assessed reporting completeness and its potential predictors in a random sample of published nutrition and diet-related RCT protocols. METHODS We conducted a meta-research study of 200 nutrition and diet-related RCT protocols published in 2019 and 2021 (aiming to consider periods before and after the start of the COVID pandemic). Data extraction included bibliometric information, general study characteristics, compliance with 122 questions corresponding to items and subitems in the SPIRIT and TIDieR checklists combined, and mention to these reporting guidelines in the publications. We calculated the proportion of protocols reporting each item and the frequency of items reported for each protocol. We investigated associations between selected publication aspects and reporting completeness using linear regression analysis. RESULTS The majority of protocols included adults and elderly as their study population (n = 73; 36.5%), supplementation as intervention (n = 96; 48.0%), placebo as comparator (n = 89; 44.5%), and evaluated clinical status as the outcome (n = 80; 40.0%). Most protocols described a parallel RCT (n = 188; 94.0%) with a superiority framework (n = 141; 70.5%). Overall reporting completeness was 52.0% (SD = 10.8%). Adherence to SPIRIT items ranged from 0% (n = 0) (data collection methods) to 98.5% (n = 197) (eligibility criteria). Adherence to TIDieR items ranged from 5.5% (n = 11) (materials used in the intervention) to 98.5% (n = 197) (description of the intervention). The multivariable regression analysis suggests that a higher number of authors [β = 0.53 (95%CI: 0.28-0.78)], most recent published protocols [β = 3.19 (95%CI: 0.24-6.14)], request of reporting guideline checklist during the submission process by the journal [β = 6.50 (95%CI: 2.56-10.43)] and mention of SPIRIT by the authors [β = 5.15 (95%CI: 2.44-7.86)] are related to higher reporting completeness scores. CONCLUSIONS Reporting completeness in a random sample of 200 diet or nutrition-related RCT protocols was low. Number of authors, year of publication, self-reported adherence to SPIRIT, and journals' endorsement of reporting guidelines seem to be positively associated with reporting completeness in nutrition and diet-related RCT protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávia Moraes Silva
- Nutrition Department and Graduate Program of Nutrition Science, Federal University of Health Science of Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Amanda Rodrigues Amorim Adegboye
- Research Centre for Healthcare & Communities, Coventry University, Coventry, UK; Centre for Agroecology, Water and Resilience (CAWR), Coventry University, UK
| | - Cintia Curioni
- Department of Nutrition in Public Health, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabio Gomes
- Pan-American Health Organisation, World Health Organisation, Washington DC, USA
| | - Gary S Collins
- UK EQUATOR Centre, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Gilberto Kac
- Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory, Department of Social and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jonathan Cook
- Oxford Clinical Trials Research Unit, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Leila Cheikh Ismail
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P. O. Box 27272 Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Matthew J Page
- Methods in Evidence Synthesis Unit, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Neha Khandpur
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Washington University, Department of Nutrition, University of São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, USA
| | - Sarah Lamb
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Sally Hopewell
- Oxford Clinical Trials Research Unit, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Shaima Saleh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, P. O. Box 27272 Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shona Kirtley
- UK EQUATOR Centre, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Simone Bernardes
- Nutrition Department and Graduate Program of Nutrition Science, Federal University of Health Science of Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Solange Durão
- Health Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, South Africa
| | - Colby J Vorland
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington, USA
| | | | - Fernanda Rebelo
- Clinical Research Unit, National Institute of Women, Children and Adolescents Health Fernandes Figueira (IFF), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Amanda C Cunha Figueiredo
- Nutritional Epidemiology Observatory, Department of Social and Applied Nutrition, Institute of Nutrition Josué de Castro, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Health Science Center, Serra dos Órgãos University Center, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Marina Tavares
- Department of Nutrition in Public Health, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Taciana Maia de Sousa
- Department of Nutrition in Public Health, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mae Chester-Jones
- UK EQUATOR Centre, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Dongquan Bi
- UK EQUATOR Centre, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Celeste Naude
- Centre for Evidence-based Health Care, Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Global Health. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michael Schlussel
- UK EQUATOR Centre, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, UK.
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Arnoldy L, Gauci S, Lassemillante ACM, Verster JC, Macpherson H, Minihane AM, Scholey A, Pipingas A, White DJ. Towards consistency in dietary pattern scoring: standardising scoring workflows for healthy dietary patterns using 24-h recall and two variations of a food frequency questionnair. Br J Nutr 2024; 131:1554-1577. [PMID: 38225925 PMCID: PMC11043911 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114524000072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Healthy dietary patterns such as the Mediterranean diet (MeDi), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) have been evaluated for their potential association with health outcomes. However, the lack of standardisation in scoring methodologies can hinder reproducibility and meaningful cross-study comparisons. Here we provide a reproducible workflow for generating the MeDi, DASH and MIND dietary pattern scores from frequently used dietary assessment tools including the 24-h recall tool and two variations of FFQ. Subjective aspects of the scoring process are highlighted and have led to a recommended reporting checklist. This checklist enables standardised reporting with sufficient detail to enhance the reproducibility and comparability of their outcomes. In addition to these aims, valuable insights in the strengths and limitations of each assessment tool for scoring the MeDi, DASH and MIND diet can be utilised by researchers and clinicians to determine which dietary assessment tool best meets their needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizanne Arnoldy
- Centre for Mental Health and Brain Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC3122, Australia
| | - Sarah Gauci
- Centre for Mental Health and Brain Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC3122, Australia
- IMPACT – the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Food & Mood Centre, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Annie-Claude M. Lassemillante
- Department of Nursing and Allied Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC3122, Australia
| | - Joris C. Verster
- Centre for Mental Health and Brain Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC3122, Australia
- Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Division of Pharmacology, Utrecht University, 3584 CG Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Helen Macpherson
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VICAustralia
| | - Anne-Marie Minihane
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, BCRE, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Andrew Scholey
- Centre for Mental Health and Brain Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC3122, Australia
- Nutrition Dietetics and Food, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew Pipingas
- Centre for Mental Health and Brain Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC3122, Australia
| | - David J. White
- Centre for Mental Health and Brain Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, VIC3122, Australia
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Lackner S, Mahnert A, Moissl-Eichinger C, Madl T, Habisch H, Meier-Allard N, Kumpitsch C, Lahousen T, Kohlhammer-Dohr A, Mörkl S, Strobl H, Holasek S. Interindividual differences in aronia juice tolerability linked to gut microbiome and metabolome changes-secondary analysis of a randomized placebo-controlled parallel intervention trial. MICROBIOME 2024; 12:49. [PMID: 38461313 PMCID: PMC10924357 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-024-01774-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aronia melanocarpa is a berry rich in polyphenols known for health benefits. However, the bioavailability of polyphenols has been questioned, and the individual taste acceptance of the fruit with its specific flavor varies. We recently observed substantial differences in the tolerability of aronia juice among healthy females, with half of the individuals tolerating aronia juice without complaints. Given the importance of the gut microbiome in food digestion, we investigated in this secondary analysis of the randomized placebo-controlled parallel intervention study (ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT05432362) if aronia juice tolerability was associated with changes in intestinal microbiota and bacterial metabolites, seeking for potential mechanistic insights into the impact on aronia polyphenol tolerance and metabolic outcomes. RESULTS Forty females were enrolled for this 6-week trial, receiving either 100 ml natural aronia juice (verum, V) twice daily or a polyphenol-free placebo (P) with a similar nutritional profile, followed by a 6-week washout. Within V, individuals were categorized into those who tolerated the juice well (Vt) or reported complaints (Vc). The gut microbiome diversity, as analyzed by 16S rRNA gene-based next-generation sequencing, remained unaltered in Vc but changed significantly in Vt. A MICOM-based flux balance analysis revealed pronounced differences in the 40 most predictive metabolites post-intervention. In Vc carbon-dioxide, ammonium and nine O-glycans were predicted due to a shift in microbial composition, while in Vt six bile acids were the most likely microbiota-derived metabolites. NMR metabolomics of plasma confirmed increased lipoprotein subclasses (LDL, VLDL) post-intervention, reverting after wash out. Stool samples maintained a stable metabolic profile. CONCLUSION In linking aronia polyphenol tolerance to gut microbiota-derived metabolites, our study explores adaptive processes affecting lipoprotein profiles during high polyphenol ingestion in Vt and examines effects on mucosal gut health in response to intolerance to high polyphenol intake in Vc. Our results underpin the importance of individualized hormetic dosing for beneficial polyphenol effects, demonstrate dynamic gut microbiome responses to aronia juice, and emphasize personalized responses in polyphenol interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Lackner
- Division of Immunology, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander Mahnert
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Christine Moissl-Eichinger
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Madl
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Hansjörg Habisch
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Nathalie Meier-Allard
- Division of Immunology, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Christina Kumpitsch
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Theresa Lahousen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 31, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Alexandra Kohlhammer-Dohr
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 31, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Sabrina Mörkl
- Division of Medical Psychology, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Auenbruggerplatz 3, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Herbert Strobl
- Division of Immunology, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Sandra Holasek
- Division of Immunology, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria.
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Weaver C, Ahles S, Murphy KJ, Shyam S, Cade J, Plat J, Schwingshackl L, Roche HM, Lachat C, Minihane AM, Rigutto-Farebrother J. Perspective: Peer Evaluation of Recommendations for CONSORT Guidelines for Randomized Controlled Trials in Nutrition. Adv Nutr 2024; 15:100154. [PMID: 37996044 PMCID: PMC10716705 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.100154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Creating effective dietary guidance requires a rigorous evidence base that is predominantly developed from robust clinical trials or large-scale cohort studies, with the quality of the data available depending on the completeness and accuracy of their reporting. An international group of academics from 14 institutions in 12 different countries and on 5 continents, working on behalf of the Federation of European Nutrition Societies within its "Improving Standards in the Science of Nutrition" initiative, reviewed the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement checklist as it pertains to nutrition trials. This perspective piece documents the procedure followed to gain input and consensus on the checklist previously published by this group, including its presentation and interrogation at the International Union of Nutritional Sciences International Congress of Nutrition 2022 (IUNS-ICN 22), inputs from a survey of journal editors, and its piloting on 8 nutrition trials of diverse designs. Overall, the initiative has been met with considerable enthusiasm. At IUNS-ICN 22, refinements to our proposal were elicited through a World Café method discussion with participating nutrition scientists. The contributing journal editors provided valuable insights, and the discussion led to the development of a potential tool specific to assess adherence to the proposed nutrition extension checklist. The piloting of the proposed checklist provided evidence from real-life studies that reporting of nutrition trials can be improved. This initiative aims to stimulate further discussion and development of a CONSORT-nutrition-specific extension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connie Weaver
- School of Exercise and Nutritional Sciences, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United States.
| | - Sanne Ahles
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands; BioActor BV, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Karen J Murphy
- Clinical and Health Sciences and Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sangeetha Shyam
- Centre for Translational Research, Institute for Research, Development, and Innovation (IRDI), International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Human Nutrition Unit, Biomedical Research Network Center for Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (CIBEROBN), Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Reus, Spain
| | - Janet Cade
- Nutritional Epidemiology Group, School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Jogchum Plat
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lukas Schwingshackl
- Institute for Evidence in Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Helen M Roche
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, UCD Conway Institute, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Institute for Global Food Security, The Queen's University of Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom
| | - Carl Lachat
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anne-Marie Minihane
- Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom; Norwich Institute of Healthy Ageing, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Jessica Rigutto-Farebrother
- Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Epigenetics, Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland; Global Center for the Development of the Whole Child, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
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