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Leser T, Baker A. Molecular Mechanisms of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, LGG ® Probiotic Function. Microorganisms 2024; 12:794. [PMID: 38674738 PMCID: PMC11051730 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
To advance probiotic research, a comprehensive understanding of bacterial interactions with human physiology at the molecular and cellular levels is fundamental. Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus LGG® is a bacterial strain that has long been recognized for its beneficial effects on human health. Probiotic effector molecules derived from LGG®, including secreted proteins, surface-anchored proteins, polysaccharides, and lipoteichoic acids, which interact with host physiological processes have been identified. In vitro and animal studies have revealed that specific LGG® effector molecules stimulate epithelial cell survival, preserve intestinal barrier integrity, reduce oxidative stress, mitigate excessive mucosal inflammation, enhance IgA secretion, and provide long-term protection through epigenetic imprinting. Pili on the cell surface of LGG® promote adhesion to the intestinal mucosa and ensure close contact to host cells. Extracellular vesicles produced by LGG® recapitulate many of these effects through their cargo of effector molecules. Collectively, the effector molecules of LGG® exert a significant influence on both the gut mucosa and immune system, which promotes intestinal homeostasis and immune tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Leser
- Future Labs, Human Health Biosolutions, Novonesis, Kogle Alle 6, 2970 Hoersholm, Denmark;
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Yang M, Massad K, Kimchi ET, Staveley-O’Carroll KF, Li G. Gut microbiota and metabolite interface-mediated hepatic inflammation. IMMUNOMETABOLISM (COBHAM, SURREY) 2024; 6:e00037. [PMID: 38283696 PMCID: PMC10810350 DOI: 10.1097/in9.0000000000000037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Immunologic and metabolic signals regulated by gut microbiota and relevant metabolites mediate bidirectional interaction between the gut and liver. Gut microbiota dysbiosis, due to diet, lifestyle, bile acids, and genetic and environmental factors, can advance the progression of chronic liver disease. Commensal gut bacteria have both pro- and anti-inflammatory effects depending on their species and relative abundance in the intestine. Components and metabolites derived from gut microbiota-diet interaction can regulate hepatic innate and adaptive immune cells, as well as liver parenchymal cells, significantly impacting liver inflammation. In this mini review, recent findings of specific bacterial species and metabolites with functions in regulating liver inflammation are first reviewed. In addition, socioeconomic and environmental factors, hormones, and genetics that shape the profile of gut microbiota and microbial metabolites and components with the function of priming or dampening liver inflammation are discussed. Finally, current clinical trials evaluating the factors that manipulate gut microbiota to treat liver inflammation and chronic liver disease are reviewed. Overall, the discussion of microbial and metabolic mediators contributing to liver inflammation will help direct our future studies on liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- NextGen Precision Health Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial VA Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
- Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Katina Massad
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- NextGen Precision Health Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Eric T. Kimchi
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- NextGen Precision Health Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial VA Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
- Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Kevin F. Staveley-O’Carroll
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- NextGen Precision Health Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial VA Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
- Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Guangfu Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- NextGen Precision Health Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Harry S. Truman Memorial VA Hospital, Columbia, MO, USA
- Ellis Fischel Cancer Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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Song Z, Yan A, Guo Z, Zhang Y, Wen T, Li Z, Yang Z, Chen R, Wang Y. Targeting metabolic pathways: a novel therapeutic direction for type 2 diabetes. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1218326. [PMID: 37600949 PMCID: PMC10433779 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1218326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a prevalent metabolic disease that causes multi-organ complications, seriously affecting patients' quality of life and survival. Understanding its pathogenesis remains challenging, with current clinical treatment regimens often proving ineffective. Methods In this study, we established a mouse model of T2DM and employed 16s rDNA sequencing to detect changes in the species and structure of gut flora. Additionally, we used UPLC-Q-TOF-MS to identify changes in urinary metabolites of T2DM mice, analyzed differential metabolites and constructed differential metabolic pathways. Finally, we used Pearman correlation analysis to investigate the relationship between intestinal flora and differential metabolites in T2DM mice, aiming to elucidate the pathogenesis of T2DM and provide an experimental basis for its clinical treatment. Results Our findings revealed a reduction in both the species diversity and abundance of intestinal flora in T2DM mice, with significantly decreased levels of beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus and significantly increased levels of harmful bacteria such as Helicobacter pylori. Urinary metabolomics results identified 31 differential metabolites between T2DM and control mice, including Phosphatidylcholine, CDP-ethanolamine and Leukotriene A4, which may be closely associated with the glycerophospholipid and arachidonic acid pathways. Pearman correlation analysis showed a strong correlation between dopamine and gonadal, estradiol and gut microbiota, may be a novel direction underlying T2DM. Conclusion In conclusion, our study suggests that alterations in gut microbiota and urinary metabolites are characteristic features of T2DM in mice. Furthermore, a strong correlation between dopamine, estradiol and gut microbiota, may be a novel direction underlying T2DM, the aim is to provide new ideas for clinical treatment and basic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Song
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - An Yan
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zehui Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuhang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhenzhen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhihua Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Chen
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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