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Molecular Mechanism of Crataegi Folium and Alisma Rhizoma in the Treatment of Dyslipidemia Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4891370. [PMID: 35722157 PMCID: PMC9200514 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4891370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Dyslipidemia has become a critical global issue for public health, with elevating prevalence and morbidity closely related to many cardiovascular diseases (CVD) with high incidence rates. Crataegi Folium (known as Shanzhaye in China, SZ, the leaves of Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. var. major N.E. Br. or Crataegus pinnatifida Bge) and Alisma rhizoma (known as Zexie in China, ZX, the dried tuber of Alisma orientale (Sam.) Juzep or Alisma plantago-aquatica Linn), a classic combination of herbs, have been widely used to treat dyslipidemia. However, the therapeutic mechanism of this pair still remains unclear. Hence, this study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanism of the Shanzhaye-Zexie herb pair (SZHP) in the treatment of dyslipidemia with the use of a network pharmacology analysis approach. Methods Active compounds, targets of the SZHP, and targets for dyslipidemia were screened based on the public database. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment were performed on the database for annotation, visualization, and integrated discovery (DAVID 6.8). The compound-target-disease-pathway network was visualized using the Cytoscape software, and SYBYL was used for molecular docking. Results Twelve active compounds in the SZHP were screened out, which were closely connected to 186 dyslipidemia-related targets. The network analysis revealed that sitosterol, stigmasterol, isorhamnetin, kaempferol, and quercetin might be candidate agents and CCND1, CASP3, HIF1A, and ESR1 genes were potential drug targets. GO analysis revealed 856 biological processes (BP), 139 molecular functions (MF), and 89 cellular components (CC). The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis indicated that the lipid level and atherosclerosis might influence the treatment of dyslipidemia. Molecular docking showed that quercetin bound well to CCND1, HIF1A, MYC, AKT1, and EGFR genes. These findings were in accord with the prediction obtained through the network pharmacology approach. Conclusions This study revealed the primary pharmacological effects and relevant mechanisms of the SZHP in treating dyslipidemia. Our findings may facilitate the development of the SZHP or its active compounds as an alternative therapy for dyslipidemia. Still, more pharmacological experiments are needed for verification.
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Li D, Wang J, Zhou J, Zhan S, Huang Y, Wang F, Zhang Z, Zhu D, Zhao H, Li D, Chen G, Zhu X, Zhao X. B7-H3 combats apoptosis induced by chemotherapy by delivering signals to pancreatic cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:74856-74868. [PMID: 29088829 PMCID: PMC5650384 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to investigate the role of B7-H3 in chemotherapy resistance of pancreatic cancer cells and discover the potential signal transduction pathway and molecular targets involved. Methods Immunohistochemical staining and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to determine the expression of B7-H3 in clinical specimens. Clinical data were applied to survival analysis. Phosphoprotein was purified from cultured Patu8988 cells using the Phosphoprotein Purification Kit. Cell apoptosis was detected using propidium iodide–Annexin V staining to investigate the relation between the expression of B7-H3 and Patu8988 cells treated with gemcitabine. Western blot was used to determine the effect of B7-H3 on the expression of proteins including extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and Inhibitor of NF-κB(IκB) in Patu8988 cells; B7-H3 was activated by 4H7, which as an agonist monoclonal antibody to B7-H3. Results The expression of B7-H3 was found to be higher in tumor tissues than in normal tissues of pancreatic carcinoma. Survival analysis revealed that patients in the low-B7-H3 expression group were likely to have a longer overall survival compared with those in the high-expression group (P < 0.05). B7-H3 activated by 4H7 could reduce gemcitabine-induced apoptosis in Patu8988 cells. Activation of B7-H3 by 4H7 induced variations in p-ERK1/2, EGFR, and IκB protein levels. When B7-H3 was upregulated, the expression levels of EGFR and p-ERK1/2 proteins significantly increased (P < 0.05), but the expression level of IκB significantly decreased (P < 0.05), especially in the gemcitabine-treated group. Conclusion This study demonstrated that B7-H3 could deliver signals to pancreatic cancer cells to combat apoptosis induced by gemcitabine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongbao Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Pancreatic Disease Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Department of HBP, Suzhou Dushuhu Public Hospital, Soochow University Multi-Disciplinary Polyclinic, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Tumor Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Pancreatic Disease Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shenghua Zhan
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yang Huang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Pancreatic Disease Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Tumor Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zixiang Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Pancreatic Disease Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dongming Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Pancreatic Disease Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dechun Li
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Pancreatic Disease Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xinguo Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Pancreatic Disease Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Clinical Immunology, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Tumor Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Helkin A, Stein JJ, Lin S, Siddiqui S, Maier KG, Gahtan V. Dyslipidemia Part 1--Review of Lipid Metabolism and Vascular Cell Physiology. Vasc Endovascular Surg 2016; 50:107-18. [PMID: 26983667 DOI: 10.1177/1538574416628654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Dyslipidemia, more specifically, high-serum low-density lipoproteins and low-serum high-density lipoproteins, are known risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The current clinical treatment of dyslipidemia represents the outcome of a large body of fundamental basic science research on lipids, lipid metabolism, and the effects of different lipids on cellular components of the artery, inflammatory cells, and platelets. In general, lower density lipids activate intracellular pathways to increase local and systemic inflammation, monocyte adhesion, endothelial cell dysfunction and apoptosis, and smooth muscle cell proliferation, resulting in foam cell formation and genesis of atherosclerotic plaque. In contrast, higher density lipids prevent or attenuate atherosclerosis. This article is part 1 of a 2-part review, with part 1 focusing on lipid metabolism and the downstream effects of lipids on the development of atherosclerosis, and part 2 on the clinical treatment of dyslipidemia and the role of these drugs for patients with arterial disease exclusive of the coronary arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Helkin
- Department of Veterans Affairs Healthcare Network Upstate New York at Syracuse, Syracuse, NY, USA Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Jeffery J Stein
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Stacey Lin
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Sufyan Siddiqui
- Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Kristopher G Maier
- Department of Veterans Affairs Healthcare Network Upstate New York at Syracuse, Syracuse, NY, USA Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Vivian Gahtan
- Department of Veterans Affairs Healthcare Network Upstate New York at Syracuse, Syracuse, NY, USA Department of Surgery, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
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Essential Oils from Fructus A. zerumbet Protect Human Aortic Endothelial Cells from Apoptosis Induced by Ox-LDL In Vitro. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:956824. [PMID: 25610487 PMCID: PMC4290151 DOI: 10.1155/2014/956824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Alpinia zerumbet is a miao folk medicinal plant widely used in the Guizhou Province of southwest China that contains several bioactive constituents and possesses protective effects against cardiovascular diseases. In the present study, we evaluated the protective effect of essential oils derived from Fructus Alpiniae zerumbet (EOFAZ) on oxidized lowdensity-lipoprotein- (ox-LDL-) induced apoptosis in human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs). Following exposure to ox-LDL, HAECs presented with classical characteristics of apoptosis. However, EOFAZ ameliorated these morphological alterations and also inhibited the decrease in cell viability. In addition, EOFAZ abrogated the number of TUNEL or Hoechst 33258 stained positive cells observed after ox-LDL challenge. Investigation into the mechanisms of this inhibition revealed that EOFAZ treatment resulted in a downregulation of Bax and Caspase-3 at both the protein and mRNA expression levels. Moreover, EOFAZ was found to upregulate Bcl-2 protein and mRNA levels and to attenuate ox-LDL-induced HAECs injury caused by apoptosis, revealing both its therapeutic potential for endothelial cell injury protection and its clinical application for atherosclerosis.
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Zhu L, He Z, Wu F, Ding R, Jiang Q, Zhang J, Fan M, Wang X, Eva B, Jan N, Liang C, Wu Z. Immunization with advanced glycation end products modified low density lipoprotein inhibits atherosclerosis progression in diabetic apoE and LDLR null mice. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2014; 13:151. [PMID: 25391642 PMCID: PMC4234834 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-014-0151-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes accelerates atherosclerosis through undefined molecular mechanisms. Hyperglycemia induces formation of advanced glycation end product (AGE)-modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Anti-AGE-LDL autoantibodies favor atherosclerosis (AS) progression in humans, while anti oxidized LDL immunization inhibits AS in hypercholesterolemic, non-diabetic mice. We here investigated if AGE-LDL immunization protects against AS in diabetic mice. Methods After diabetes induction with streptozotocin and high fat diet, both low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR)−/− and apoE female mice were randomized to: AGE-LDL immunization with aluminum hydroxide (Alum) adjuvant; Alum alone; or PBS. Results AGE-LDL immunization: significantly reduced AS; induced specific plasma IgM and IgG antibodies; upregulated splenic Th2, Treg and IL-10 levels, without altering Th1 or Th17 cells; and increased serum high density lipoprotein(HDL) while numerically lowering HbA1c levels. Conclusions Subcutaneous immunization with AGE-LDL significantly inhibits atherosclerosis progression in hyperlipidemic diabetic mice possibly through activation of specific humoral and cell mediated immune responses and metabolic control improvement. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12933-014-0151-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, No. 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China. .,457th hospital of PLA, Wuhan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhiqing He
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, No. 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, No. 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Research, Center for Stem Cell Biology, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Providence, RI, USA.
| | - Ru Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, No. 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qixia Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, No. 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiayou Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, No. 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Min Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, No. 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xing Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, No. 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Bengtsson Eva
- Experimental Cardiovascular Research, CRC 91:12, Lund University, Entrance 72, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Nilsson Jan
- Experimental Cardiovascular Research, CRC 91:12, Lund University, Entrance 72, Skåne University Hospital Malmö, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Chun Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, No. 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zonggui Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, No. 415 Fengyang Road, Shanghai, 200003, People's Republic of China.
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de Nigris F, Rienzo M, Sessa M, Infante T, Cesario E, Ignarro LJ, Al-Omran M, Giordano A, Palinski W, Napoli C. Glycoxydation promotes vascular damage via MAPK-ERK/JNK pathways. J Cell Physiol 2012; 227:3639-47. [PMID: 22331607 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.24070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Oxidation and glycation enhance foam cell formation via MAPK/JNK in euglycemic and diabetic subjects. Here, we investigated the effects of glycated and oxidized LDL (glc-oxLDL) on MAPK-ERK and JNK signaling pathways using human coronary smooth muscle cells. Glc-oxLDL induced a broad cascade of MAPK/JNK-dependent signaling transduction pathways and the AP-1 complex. In glc-oxLDL treated coronary arterioles, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α increased JNK phosphorylation, whereas protein kinase inhibitor dimethylaminopurine (DMAP) prevented the TNF-induced increase in JNK phosphorylation. The role of MKK4 and JNK were then investigated in vivo, using apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE(-/-)) mice. Peritoneal macrophages, isolated from spontaneously hyperlipidemic but euglycemic mice showed increases in both proteins and phosphorylated proteins. Compared to streptozotocin-treated diabetic C57BL6 and nondiabetic C57BL6 Wt mice, in streptozotocin-diabetic ApoE(-/-) mice, the increment of foam cell formation corresponded to an increment of phosphorylation of JNK1, JNK2, and MMK4. Thus, we provide a first line of evidence that MAPK-ERK/JNK pathways are involved in vascular damage induced by glycoxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filomena de Nigris
- Department of General Pathology, U.O.C. Immunohematology, and Excellence Research Centre on Cardiovascular Disease, 1st School of Medicine, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
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Poitz DM, Augstein A, Weinert S, Braun-Dullaeus RC, Strasser RH, Schmeisser A. OxLDL and macrophage survival: essential and oxygen-independent involvement of the Hif-pathway. Basic Res Cardiol 2011; 106:761-72. [DOI: 10.1007/s00395-011-0186-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2010] [Revised: 04/17/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Advanced glycation end products depress function of endothelial progenitor cells via p38 and ERK 1/2 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Basic Res Cardiol 2008; 104:42-9. [PMID: 18622638 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-008-0738-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2007] [Accepted: 06/16/2008] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play divergent roles in the process of atherosclerosis. We investigated the effects of AGE-human serum albumin (AGE-HSA) on receptor expression for AGEs (RAGE) and EPCs apoptosis. METHODS The human mononuclear cells were obtained by Ficoll density gradient centrifugation and cultured in M199 medium containing rh-VEGF (30 ng/ml), rh-b-FGF(6 ng/ml) and 20% NBCS for 8 days. The adhesive EPCs were sequentially harvested after 24 h synchronization and challenged with AGE-HSA (concentration range from 0 to 300 microg/ml) for 24 h and 200 microg/ml AGE-HSA (time range from 0 to 36 h). EPCs apoptosis and migration were determined, expressions of RAGE, phosphorylated ERK1/2, JNK and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) of EPCs were quantified by fluorescent quantitation RT-PCR and Western-blot, effect of AGE-HSA on NF-kappaB activtiy was determined by EMSA (electrophoretic mobility shift assay) in the presence and absence of special MAPK pathways pathway inhibitors. RESULTS AGE-HSA upregulated the expression of RAGE, this effect could be significantly inhibited by p38 MAPK and ERK MAPK inhibitor, but not by JNK MAPK inhibitor. AGE-HSA also promoted EPCs apoptosis and inhibited EPCs migration and increased NF-kappaB activity, these effects could be significantly attenuated by the anti-RAGE neutralizing antibody as well as by p38 and ERK MAPK inhibitors. CONCLUSION AGE-HSA could promote atherosclerosis by upregulating EPCs RAGE expressions and promoting EPCs apoptosis via p38, ERK MAPK pathways, activation of NF-kappaB might also play a role in this process.
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Vasdev S, Gill V, Singal P. Role of Advanced Glycation End Products in Hypertension and Atherosclerosis: Therapeutic Implications. Cell Biochem Biophys 2007; 49:48-63. [PMID: 17873339 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-007-0039-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/1999] [Revised: 11/30/1999] [Accepted: 11/30/1999] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The vascular diseases, hypertension and atherosclerosis, affect millions of individuals worldwide, and account for a large number of deaths globally. A better understanding of the mechanism of these conditions will lead to more specific and effective therapies. Hypertension and atherosclerosis are both characterized by insulin resistance, and we suggest that this plays a major role in their etiology. The cause of insulin resistance is not known, but may be a result of a combination of genetic and lifestyle factors. In insulin resistance, alterations in glucose and lipid metabolism lead to the production of excess aldehydes including glyoxal and methylglyoxal. These aldehydes react non-enzymatically with free amino and sulfhydryl groups of amino acids of proteins to form stable conjugates called advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs act directly, as well as via receptors to alter the function of many intra- and extracellular proteins including antioxidant and metabolic enzymes, calcium channels, lipoproteins, and transcriptional and structural proteins. This results in endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and oxidative stress. All these changes are characteristic of hypertension and atherosclerosis. Human and animal studies have demonstrated that increased AGEs are also associated with these conditions. A pathological role for AGEs is substantiated by studies showing that therapies that attenuate insulin resistance and/or lower AGEs, are effective in decreasing oxidative stress, lowering blood pressure, and attenuating atherosclerotic vascular changes. These interventions include lipoic acid and other antioxidants, AGE breakers or soluble receptors of AGEs, and aldehyde-binding agents like cysteine. Such therapies may offer alternative specific means to treat hypertension and atherosclerosis. An adjunct therapy may be to implement lifestyle changes such as weight reduction, regular exercise, smoking cessation, and increasing dietary intake of fruits and vegetables that also decrease insulin resistance as well as oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudesh Vasdev
- Discipline of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Room H-4310, Health Sciences Centre, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NF, A1B 3V6, Canada.
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