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Vora N, Patel P, Gajjar A, Ladani P, Konat A, Bhanderi D, Gadam S, Prajjwal P, Sharma K, Arunachalam SP. Gene therapy for heart failure: A novel treatment for the age old disease. Dis Mon 2024; 70:101636. [PMID: 37734966 DOI: 10.1016/j.disamonth.2023.101636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Across the globe, cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality. According to reports, around 6.2 million people in the United states have heart failure. Current standards of care for heart failure can delay but not prevent progression of disease. Gene therapy is one of the novel treatment modalities that promises to fill this limitation in the current standard of care for Heart Failure. In this paper we performed an extensive search of the literature on various advances made in gene therapy for heart failure till date. We review the delivery methods, targets, current applications, trials, limitations and feasibility of gene therapy for heart failure. Various methods have been employed till date for administering gene therapies including but not limited to arterial and venous infusion, direct myocardial injection and pericardial injection. Various strategies such as AC6 expression, S100A1 protein upregulation, VEGF-B and SDF-1 gene therapy have shown promise in recent preclinical trials. Furthermore, few studies even show that stimulation of cardiomyocyte proliferation such as through cyclin A2 overexpression is a realistic avenue. However, a considerable number of obstacles need to be overcome for gene therapy to be part of standard treatment of care such as definitive choice of gene, gene delivery systems and a suitable method for preclinical trials and clinical trials on patients. Considering the challenges and taking into account the recent advances in gene therapy research, there are encouraging signs to indicate gene therapy for heart failure to be a promising treatment modality for the future. However, the time and feasibility of this option remains in a situation of balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neel Vora
- B. J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Parth Patel
- Pramukhswami Medical College, Karamsad, India
| | | | | | - Ashwati Konat
- University School of Sciences, Gujarat University, Ahmedabad, India
| | | | | | | | - Kamal Sharma
- U. N. Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Centre, Ahmedabad, India.
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2
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Korpela H, Järveläinen N, Siimes S, Lampela J, Airaksinen J, Valli K, Turunen M, Pajula J, Nurro J, Ylä-Herttuala S. Gene therapy for ischaemic heart disease and heart failure. J Intern Med 2021; 290:567-582. [PMID: 34033164 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy has been expected to become a novel treatment method since the structure of DNA was discovered in 1953. The morbidity from cardiovascular diseases remains remarkable despite the improvement of percutaneous interventions and pharmacological treatment, underlining the need for novel therapeutics. Gene therapy-mediated therapeutic angiogenesis could help those who have not gained sufficient symptom relief with traditional treatment methods. Especially patients with severe coronary artery disease and heart failure could benefit from gene therapy. Some clinical trials have reported improved myocardial perfusion and symptom relief in CAD patients, but few trials have come up with disappointing negative results. Translating preclinical success into clinical applications has encountered difficulties in successful transduction, study design, endpoint selection, and patient selection and recruitment. However, promising new methods for transducing the cells, such as retrograde delivery and cardiac-specific AAV vectors, hold great promise for myocardial gene therapy. This review introduces gene therapy for ischaemic heart disease and heart failure and discusses the current status and future developments in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Korpela
- From the, A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - N Järveläinen
- From the, A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - S Siimes
- From the, A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - J Lampela
- From the, A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - J Airaksinen
- From the, A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - K Valli
- From the, A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - M Turunen
- From the, A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - J Pajula
- From the, A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - J Nurro
- From the, A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - S Ylä-Herttuala
- From the, A.I.Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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3
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Ziff OJ, Bromage DI, Yellon DM, Davidson SM. Therapeutic strategies utilizing SDF-1α in ischaemic cardiomyopathy. Cardiovasc Res 2019; 114:358-367. [PMID: 29040423 PMCID: PMC6005112 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is rapidly increasing in prevalence and will redraw the global landscape for cardiovascular health. Alleviating and repairing cardiac injury associated with myocardial infarction (MI) is key to improving this burden. Homing signals mobilize and recruit stem cells to the ischaemic myocardium where they exert beneficial paracrine effects. The chemoattractant cytokine SDF-1α and its associated receptor CXCR4 are upregulated after MI and appear to be important in this context. Activation of CXCR4 promotes both cardiomyocyte survival and stem cell migration towards the infarcted myocardium. These effects have beneficial effects on infarct size, and left ventricular remodelling and function. However, the timing of endogenous SDF-1α release and CXCR4 upregulation may not be optimal. Furthermore, current ELISA-based assays cannot distinguish between active SDF-1α, and SDF-1α inactivated by dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4). Current therapeutic approaches aim to recruit the SDF-1α-CXCR4 pathway or prolong SDF-1α life-time by preventing its cleavage by DPP4. This review assesses the evidence supporting these approaches and proposes SDF-1α as an important confounder in recent studies of DPP4 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver J Ziff
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Daniel I Bromage
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Derek M Yellon
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK
| | - Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, UK
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4
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Han Y, Yang W, Cui W, Yang K, Wang X, Chen Y, Deng L, Zhao Y, Jin W. Retracted Article: Development of functional hydrogels for heart failure. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:1563-1580. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb02591f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogel-based approaches were reviewed for cardiac tissue engineering and myocardial regeneration in ischemia-induced heart failure, with an emphasis on functional studies, translational status, and clinical advancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxin Han
- Department of Cardiology
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases
- Ruijin Hospital
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai 200025
| | - Wenbo Yang
- Department of Cardiology
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases
- Ruijin Hospital
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai 200025
| | - Wenguo Cui
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics
- Ruijin Hospital
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai 200025
| | - Ke Yang
- Department of Cardiology
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases
- Ruijin Hospital
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai 200025
| | - Xiaoqun Wang
- Department of Cardiology
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases
- Ruijin Hospital
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai 200025
| | - Yanjia Chen
- Department of Cardiology
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases
- Ruijin Hospital
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai 200025
| | - Lianfu Deng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics
- Ruijin Hospital
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai 200025
| | - Yuanjin Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases
- Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics
- Ruijin Hospital
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai 200025
| | - Wei Jin
- Department of Cardiology
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases
- Ruijin Hospital
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai 200025
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Wang DN, Wang L, Huang Y, Hua L, Cui HM, Chen PF, Liang X, Zhang JY, Liao DN. Effects of early intravenous low-dose of metoprolol on cardiac sympathetic activities and electrophysiological properties in myocardial infarction heart. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:4114-4118. [PMID: 30344687 PMCID: PMC6176129 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study observed the effects of early intravenous low-doses of metoprolol on cardiac sympathetic activities and electrophysiological properties in myocardial infarction (MI) dogs. Thirty two mongrel dogs with the first diagonal branch of the left anterior descending coronary artery ligated were randomly divided into three groups: The low-dose group was given metoprolol 0.6 mg/kg immediately by intravenous injection (n=12); the target-dose group was given metoprolol 1.6 mg/kg (n=12), and the control group was injected with normal saline at the same dose of the target-dose group (n=8). Norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) levels in the coronary sinus (CS) blood as well as the ventricular effective refractory period (ERP) were all measured during the experiments. We found that NE and E concentrations in the three groups were all increased compared with the previous measurement before ligation. ERP values after MI were significantly decreased in all three groups compared with the first measurements. The three groups all exhibited uneven shortness of ERP among different regions, with significant shortness in infarcted area. Furthermore, there was no difference between the low and target-dose of metoprolol in the reduction of regional ERP, and the same effect was also observed in induced arrhythmias. In conclusion, a lower dose of metoprolol performed similarly as target-dose in reducing the catecholamine concentrations in dogs with MI. Our study demonstrated that a lower dose of metoprolol may be reasonable compared with the target-dose in β-blocker therapy due to similar effect and lower toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Ning Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Li Hua
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Ming Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Peng-Fei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The 309th Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Xin Liang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Jia-You Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - De-Ning Liao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
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6
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Rybalko VY, Pham CB, Hsieh PL, Hammers DW, Merscham-Banda M, Suggs LJ, Farrar RP. Controlled delivery of SDF-1α and IGF-1: CXCR4(+) cell recruitment and functional skeletal muscle recovery. Biomater Sci 2017; 3:1475-86. [PMID: 26247892 DOI: 10.1039/c5bm00233h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Therapeutic delivery of regeneration-promoting biological factors directly to the site of injury has demonstrated its efficacy in various injury models. Several reports describe improved tissue regeneration following local injection of tissue specific growth factors, cytokines and chemokines. Evidence exists that combined cytokine/growth factor treatment is superior for optimizing tissue repair by targeting different aspects of the regeneration response. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of the controlled delivery of stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha (SDF-1α) alone or in combination with insulin-like growth factor-I (SDF-1α/IGF-I) for the treatment of tourniquet-induced ischemia/reperfusion injury (TK-I/R) of skeletal muscle. We hypothesized that SDF-1α will promote sustained stem cell recruitment to the site of muscle injury, while IGF-I will induce progenitor cell differentiation to effectively restore muscle contractile function after TK-I/R injury while concurrently reducing apoptosis. Utilizing a novel poly-ethylene glycol PEGylated fibrin gel matrix (PEG-Fib), we incorporated SDF-1α alone (PEG-Fib/SDF-1α) or in combination with IGF-I (PEG-Fib/SDF-1α/IGF-I) for controlled release at the site of acute muscle injury. Despite enhanced cell recruitment and revascularization of the regenerating muscle after SDF-1α treatment, functional analysis showed no benefit from PEG-Fib/SDF-1α therapy, while dual delivery of PEG-Fib/SDF-1α/IGF-I resulted in IGF-I-mediated improvement of maximal force recovery and SDF-1α-driven in vivo neovasculogenesis. Histological data supported functional data, as well as highlighted the important differences in the regeneration process among treatment groups. This study provides evidence that while revascularization may be necessary for maximizing muscle force recovery, without modulation of other effects of inflammation it is insufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoriya Y Rybalko
- Department of Kinesiology, The University of Texas at Austin, 1 University Station D3700, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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7
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Veldkamp CT, Koplinski CA, Jensen DR, Peterson FC, Smits KM, Smith BL, Johnson SK, Lettieri C, Buchholz WG, Solheim JC, Volkman BF. Production of Recombinant Chemokines and Validation of Refolding. Methods Enzymol 2015; 570:539-65. [PMID: 26921961 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mie.2015.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The diverse roles of chemokines in normal immune function and many human diseases have motivated numerous investigations into the structure and function of this family of proteins. Recombinant chemokines are often used to study how chemokines coordinate the trafficking of immune cells in various biological contexts. A reliable source of biologically active protein is vital for any in vitro or in vivo functional analysis. In this chapter, we describe a general method for the production of recombinant chemokines and robust techniques for efficient refolding that ensure consistently high biological activity. Considerations for initiating development of protocols consistent with Current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMPs) to produce biologically active chemokines suitable for use in clinical trials are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Veldkamp
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Whitewater, Whitewater, Wisconsin, USA.
| | - Chad A Koplinski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Davin R Jensen
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Francis C Peterson
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Kaitlin M Smits
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA; The Eppley Institute and the Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Brittney L Smith
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA; The Eppley Institute and the Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Scott K Johnson
- Biological Process Development Facility, College of Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Christina Lettieri
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital and Medical Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Wallace G Buchholz
- Biological Process Development Facility, College of Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska, USA
| | - Joyce C Solheim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA; The Eppley Institute and the Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Brian F Volkman
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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8
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Bromage DI, Davidson SM, Yellon DM. Stromal derived factor 1α: a chemokine that delivers a two-pronged defence of the myocardium. Pharmacol Ther 2014; 143:305-15. [PMID: 24704323 PMCID: PMC4127789 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2014.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Alleviating myocardial injury associated with ST elevation myocardial infarction is central to improving the global burden of coronary heart disease. The chemokine stromal cell-derived factor 1α (SDF-1α) has dual potential benefit in this regard. Firstly, SDF-1α is up-regulated in experimental and clinical studies of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and regulates stem cell migration to sites of injury. SDF-1α delivery to the myocardium after AMI is associated with improved stem cell homing, angiogenesis, and left ventricular function in animal models, and improvements in heart failure and quality of life in humans. Secondly, SDF-1α may have a role in remote ischaemic conditioning (RIC), the phenomenon whereby non-lethal ischaemia–reperfusion applied to an organ or tissue remote from the heart protects the myocardium from lethal ischaemia–reperfusion injury (IRI). SDF-1α is increased in the serum of rats subjected to RIC and protects against myocardial IRI in ex vivo studies. Despite these potential pleiotropic effects, a limitation of SDF-1α is its short plasma half-life due to cleavage by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4). However, DPP-4 inhibitors increase the half-life of SDF-1α by preventing its degradation and are also protective against lethal IRI. In summary, SDF-1 potentially delivers a ‘two-pronged’ defence of the myocardium: acutely protecting it from IRI while simultaneously stimulating repair by recruiting stem cells to the site of injury. In this article we examine the evidence for acute and chronic cardioprotective roles of SDF-1α and discuss potential therapeutic manipulations of this mechanism with DPP-4 inhibitors to protect against lethal tissue injury in the clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel I Bromage
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, 67 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, United Kingdom
| | - Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, 67 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, United Kingdom
| | - Derek M Yellon
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, 67 Chenies Mews, London WC1E 6HX, United Kingdom
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9
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Projahn D, Simsekyilmaz S, Singh S, Kanzler I, Kramp BK, Langer M, Burlacu A, Bernhagen J, Klee D, Zernecke A, Hackeng TM, Groll J, Weber C, Liehn EA, Koenen RR. Controlled intramyocardial release of engineered chemokines by biodegradable hydrogels as a treatment approach of myocardial infarction. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 18:790-800. [PMID: 24512349 PMCID: PMC4119385 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) induces a complex inflammatory immune response, followed by the remodelling of the heart muscle and scar formation. The rapid regeneration of the blood vessel network system by the attraction of hematopoietic stem cells is beneficial for heart function. Despite the important role of chemokines in these processes, their use in clinical practice has so far been limited by their limited availability over a long time-span in vivo. Here, a method is presented to increase physiological availability of chemokines at the site of injury over a defined time-span and simultaneously control their release using biodegradable hydrogels. Two different biodegradable hydrogels were implemented, a fast degradable hydrogel (FDH) for delivering Met-CCL5 over 24 hrs and a slow degradable hydrogel (SDH) for a gradual release of protease-resistant CXCL12 (S4V) over 4 weeks. We demonstrate that the time-controlled release using Met-CCL5-FDH and CXCL12 (S4V)-SDH suppressed initial neutrophil infiltration, promoted neovascularization and reduced apoptosis in the infarcted myocardium. Thus, we were able to significantly preserve the cardiac function after MI. This study demonstrates that time-controlled, biopolymer-mediated delivery of chemokines represents a novel and feasible strategy to support the endogenous reparatory mechanisms after MI and may compliment cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delia Projahn
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen UniversityAachen, Germany
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), University Hospital of the LMU MunichMunich, Germany
| | - Sakine Simsekyilmaz
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen UniversityAachen, Germany
| | - Smriti Singh
- Interactive Material Research - DWI an der RWTH Aachen e.V and Institute for Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryAachen, Germany
| | - Isabella Kanzler
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen UniversityAachen, Germany
| | - Birgit K Kramp
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), University Hospital of the LMU MunichMunich, Germany
| | - Marcella Langer
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), University Hospital of the LMU MunichMunich, Germany
| | - Alexandrina Burlacu
- Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology “Nicolae Simionescu” of the Romanian AcademyBucharest, Romania
| | - Jürgen Bernhagen
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell BiologyAachen, Germany
| | - Doris Klee
- Interactive Material Research - DWI an der RWTH Aachen e.V and Institute for Technical and Macromolecular ChemistryAachen, Germany
| | - Alma Zernecke
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University MunichMunich, Germany
| | - Tilman M Hackeng
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht UniversityMaastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jürgen Groll
- Department and Chair of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry, University of WürzburgWürzburg, Germany
| | - Christian Weber
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), University Hospital of the LMU MunichMunich, Germany
- Munich Heart AllianceMunich, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht UniversityMaastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Elisa A Liehn
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen UniversityAachen, Germany
| | - Rory R Koenen
- Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), University Hospital of the LMU MunichMunich, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht UniversityMaastricht, The Netherlands
- *Correspondence to: Rory R. KOENEN, Ph.D., Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Pettenkoferstraße 9, Munich 80336, Germany. Tel.: +49 89 51604672 Fax: +49 89 51604352 E-mail:
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10
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Schuh A, Butzbach B, Curaj A, Simsekyilmaz S, Bucur O, Kanzler I, Deneke B, Konschalla S, Kroh A, Sönmez TT, Marx N, Liehn EA. Novel insights into the mechanism of cell-based therapy after chronic myocardial infarction. Discoveries (Craiova) 2014; 2:e9. [PMID: 32309541 PMCID: PMC6941593 DOI: 10.15190/d.2014.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell transplantation therapy is considered a novel and promising strategy in regenerative medicine. Recent studies point out that paracrine effects and inflammation induced by transplanted cells are key factors for the improvement of myocardial function. The present study aims at differentiating paracrine effects from inflammatory reactions after cell transplantation.
Therefore, in vitro induced apoptotic bodies were transplanted after myocardial infarction in a rat model. Eight weeks after transplantation, the functional results showed no improvement in left ventricular function. Histological analysis revealed no significant differences in the amount of infiltrated cells and collagen content did not differ among the four groups, which sustains the functional data. Surprisingly, angiogenesis increased in groups with apoptotic bodies derived from HUVEC and endothelial progenitor cells, but not from fibroblasts. A complex genetic analysis of apoptotic bodies indicated that miRNAs could be responsible for these changes.
Our study demonstrates that inflammatory reaction is critical for scar remodelling and improvement of the heart function after late cell therapy, while neoangiogenesis alone is not sufficient to improve heart function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schuh
- Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Britta Butzbach
- Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany.,Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Adelina Curaj
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Germany.,Department of Experimental Molecular Imaging, RWTH Aachen University, Germany.,"Victor Babes" National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sakine Simsekyilmaz
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Octavian Bucur
- Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Isabela Kanzler
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Germany.,Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, RWTH Aachen, Germany.,Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Bernd Deneke
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research (IZKF) Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Simone Konschalla
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Andreas Kroh
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Germany.,Department of Surgery, University Hospital Aachen, Germany
| | - Tolga Taha Sönmez
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Germany.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Aachen, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Marx
- Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany
| | - Elisa A Liehn
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), RWTH Aachen University, Germany
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11
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Liehn EA, Radu E, Schuh A. Chemokine contribution in stem cell engraftment into the infarcted myocardium. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2014; 8:278-83. [PMID: 23547962 PMCID: PMC3782704 DOI: 10.2174/1574888x11308040003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2012] [Revised: 12/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Modern life styles have made cardiovascular disease the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although current treatments substantially ameliorate patients’ prognosis after MI, they cannot restore the affected tissue or entirely re-establish organ function. Therefore, the main goal of modern cardiology should be to design strategies to reduce myocardial necrosis and optimize cardiac repair following MI. Cell-based therapy was considered a novel and potentially new strategy in regenerative medicine; however, its clinical implementation has not yielded the expected results. Chemokines seem to increase the efficiency of cell-therapy and may represent a reliable method to be exploited in the future. This review surveys current knowledge of cell therapy and highlights key insights into the role of chemokines in stem cell engraftment in infarcted myocardium and their possible clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa A Liehn
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research, RWTH Aachen University, Germany.
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12
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Ziarek JJ, Veldkamp CT, Zhang F, Murray NJ, Kartz GA, Liang X, Su J, Baker JE, Linhardt RJ, Volkman BF. Heparin oligosaccharides inhibit chemokine (CXC motif) ligand 12 (CXCL12) cardioprotection by binding orthogonal to the dimerization interface, promoting oligomerization, and competing with the chemokine (CXC motif) receptor 4 (CXCR4) N terminus. J Biol Chem 2012; 288:737-46. [PMID: 23148226 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.394064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to interact with cell surface glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) is essential to the cell migration properties of chemokines, but association with soluble GAGs induces the oligomerization of most chemokines including CXCL12. Monomeric CXCL12, but not dimeric CXCL12, is cardioprotective in a number of experimental models of cardiac ischemia. We found that co-administration of heparin, a common treatment for myocardial infarction, abrogated the protective effect of CXCL12 in an ex vivo rat heart model for myocardial infarction. The interaction between CXCL12 and heparin oligosaccharides has previously been analyzed through mutagenesis, in vitro binding assays, and molecular modeling. However, complications from heparin-induced CXCL12 oligomerization and studies using very short oligosaccharides have led to inconsistent conclusions as to the residues involved, the orientation of the binding site, and whether it overlaps with the CXCR4 N-terminal site. We used a constitutively dimeric variant to simplify the NMR analysis of CXCL12-binding heparin oligosaccharides of varying length. Biophysical and mutagenic analyses reveal a CXCL12/heparin interaction surface that lies perpendicular to the dimer interface, does not involve the chemokine N terminus, and partially overlaps with the CXCR4-binding site. We further demonstrate that heparin-mediated enzymatic protection results from the promotion of dimerization rather than direct heparin binding to the CXCL12 N terminus. These results clarify the structural basis for GAG recognition by CXCL12 and lend insight into the development of CXCL12-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Ziarek
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
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13
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Cencioni C, Capogrossi MC, Napolitano M. The SDF-1/CXCR4 axis in stem cell preconditioning. Cardiovasc Res 2012; 94:400-7. [PMID: 22451511 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvs132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We review the pivotal role of the stromal derived factor (SDF)-1 chemokine in tissue ischaemia and how it orchestrates the rapid revascularization of injured, ischaemic, and regenerating tissues via the CXC chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CXCR7. Furthermore, we discuss the effects of preconditioning (PC), which is a well-known protective phenomenon for tissue ischaemia. The positive effect of both hypoxic and acidic PC on progenitor cell therapeutic potential is reviewed, while stressing the role of the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cencioni
- Laboratorio di Biologia Vascolare e Medicina Rigenerativa, Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Via Carlo Parea 4, 20138 Milan, Italy
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Wang Y, Luther K. Genetically Manipulated Progenitor/Stem Cells Restore Function to the Infarcted Heart Via the SDF-1α/CXCR4 Signaling Pathway. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2012; 111:265-84. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-398459-3.00012-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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15
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SDF-1α as a therapeutic stem cell homing factor in myocardial infarction. Pharmacol Ther 2011; 129:97-108. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2010] [Accepted: 09/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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16
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Jensen TW, Mazur MJ, Pettigew JE, Perez-Mendoza VG, Zachary J, Schook LB. A Cloned Pig Model for Examining Atherosclerosis Induced by High Fat, High Cholesterol Diets. Anim Biotechnol 2010; 21:179-87. [DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2010.490693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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17
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Tang J, Wang J, Guo L, Kong X, Yang J, Zheng F, Zhang L, Huang Y. Mesenchymal stem cells modified with stromal cell-derived factor 1 alpha improve cardiac remodeling via paracrine activation of hepatocyte growth factor in a rat model of myocardial infarction. Mol Cells 2010; 29:9-19. [PMID: 20016947 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-010-0001-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2009] [Revised: 09/10/2009] [Accepted: 09/25/2009] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising source for cell-based treatment of myocardial infarction (MI), but existing strategies are restricted by low cell survival and engraftment. We examined whether SDF-1 transfection improve MSC viability and paracrine action in infarcted hearts. We found SDF-1-modified MSCs effectively expressed SDF-1 for at least 21 days after exposure to hypoxia. The apoptosis of Ad-SDF-1-MSCs was 42% of that seen in Ad-EGFP-MSCs and 53% of untreated MSCs. In the infarcted hearts, the number of DAPI-labeling cells in the Ad-SDF-1-MSC group was 5-fold that in the Ad-EGFP-MSC group. Importantly, expression of antifibrotic factor, HGF, was detected in cultured MSCs, and HGF expression levels were higher in Ad-SDF-MSC-treated hearts, compared with Ad-EGFP-MSC or control hearts. Compared with the control group, Ad-SDF-MSC transplantation significantly decreased the expression of collagens I and III and matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9, but heart function was improved in d-SDF-MSC-treated animals. In conclusion, SDF-1-modified MSCs enhanced the tolerance of engrafted MSCs to hypoxic injury in vitro and improved their viability in infarcted hearts, thus helping preserve the contractile function and attenuate left ventricle (LV) remodeling, and this may be at least partly mediated by enhanced paracrine signaling from MSCs via antifibrotic factors such as HGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junming Tang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Renmin Hospital, Yunyang Medical College, Shiyan, Hubei, 442000, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Jiang Y, Chen L, Tang Y, Ma G, Shen C, Qi C, Zhu Q, Yao Y, Liu N. HO-1 gene overexpression enhances the beneficial effects of superparamagnetic iron oxide labeled bone marrow stromal cells transplantation in swine hearts underwent ischemia/reperfusion: an MRI study. Basic Res Cardiol 2009; 105:431-42. [DOI: 10.1007/s00395-009-0079-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Revised: 12/07/2009] [Accepted: 12/09/2009] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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19
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Tang J, Wang J, Kong X, Yang J, Guo L, Zheng F, Zhang L, Huang Y, Wan Y. Vascular endothelial growth factor promotes cardiac stem cell migration via the PI3K/Akt pathway. Exp Cell Res 2009; 315:3521-31. [PMID: 19800880 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2009.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2009] [Revised: 08/16/2009] [Accepted: 09/28/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
VEGF is a major inducer of angiogenesis. However, the homing role of VEGF for cardiac stem cells (CSCs) is unclear. In in vitro experiments, CSCs were isolated from the rat hearts, and a cellular migration assay was performed using a 24-well transwell system. VEGF induced CSC migration in a concentration-dependent manner, and SU5416 blocked this. Western blot analysis showed that the phosphorylated Akt was markedly increased in the VEGF-treated CSCs and that inhibition of pAkt activity significantly attenuated the VEGF-induced the migration of CSCs. In in vivo experiments, rat heart myocardial infarction (MI) was induced by left coronary artery ligation. One week after MI, the adenoviral vector expressing hVEGF165 and LacZ genes were injected separately into the infarcted myocardium at four sites before endomyocardial transplantation of 2x10(5) PKH26 labeled CSCs (50 muL) at atrioventricular groove. One week after CSC transplantation, RT-PCR, immunohistochemical staining, Western blot, and ELISA analysis were performed to detect the hVEGF mRNA and protein. The expression of hVEGF mRNA and protein was significantly increased in the infarcted and hVEGF165 transfected rat hearts, accompanied by an enhanced PI3K/Ak activity, a greater accumulation of CSCs in the infarcted region, and an improvement in cardiac function. The CSC accumulation was inhibited by either the VEGF receptor blocker SU5416 or the PI3K/Ak inhibitor wortmannin. VEGF signaling may mediate the migration of CSCs via activation of PI3K/Akt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junming Tang
- Center for Medical Research and Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan university, Hubei 430071, PR China.
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20
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Veldkamp CT, Ziarek JJ, Su J, Basnet H, Lennertz R, Weiner JJ, Peterson FC, Baker JE, Volkman BF. Monomeric structure of the cardioprotective chemokine SDF-1/CXCL12. Protein Sci 2009; 18:1359-69. [PMID: 19551879 DOI: 10.1002/pro.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1/CXCL12) directs leukocyte migration, stem cell homing, and cancer metastasis through activation of CXCR4, which is also a coreceptor for T-tropic HIV-1. Recently, SDF-1 was shown to play a protective role after myocardial infarction, and the protein is a candidate for development of new anti-ischemic compounds. SDF-1 is monomeric at nanomolar concentrations but binding partners promote self-association at higher concentrations to form a typical CXC chemokine homodimer. Two NMR structures have been reported for the SDF-1 monomer, but only one matches the conformation observed in a series of dimeric crystal structures. In the other model, the C-terminal helix is tilted at an angle incompatible with SDF-1 dimerization. Using a rat heart explant model for ischemia/reperfusion injury, we found that dimeric SDF-1 exerts no cardioprotective effect, suggesting that the active species is monomeric. To resolve the discrepancy between existing models, we solved the NMR structure of the SDF-1 monomer in different solution conditions. Irrespective of pH and buffer composition, the C-terminal helix remains tilted at an angle with no evidence for the perpendicular arrangement. Furthermore, we find that phospholipid bicelles promote dimerization that necessarily shifts the helix to the perpendicular orientation, yielding dipolar couplings that are incompatible with the NOE distance constraints. We conclude that interactions with the alignment medium biased the previous structure, masking flexibility in the helix position that may be essential for the distinct functional properties of the SDF-1 monomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher T Veldkamp
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53226, USA
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21
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Tang J, Wang J, Song H, Huang Y, Yang J, Kong X, Guo L, Zheng F, Zhang L. Adenovirus-mediated stromal cell-derived factor-1 alpha gene transfer improves cardiac structure and function after experimental myocardial infarction through angiogenic and antifibrotic actions. Mol Biol Rep 2009; 37:1957-69. [PMID: 19653123 PMCID: PMC2831180 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-009-9642-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2009] [Accepted: 07/21/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Stromal cell-derived factor 1α (SDF-1) is not only a major chemotactic factor, but also an inducer of angiogenesis. The effects of SDF-1α on the left ventricular remodeling in a rat myocardial infarction (MI) model were analyzed. Myocardial infarction was induced by ligation of the left coronary artery in rats. 0.5 × 1010 pfu/ml AdV-SDF-1 or 0.5 × 1010 pfu/ml Adv-LacZ were immediately injected into the infarcted myocardium, 120 μl cell-free PBS were injected into the infarcted region or the myocardial wall in control, and sham group, respectively. We found that AdV-SDF-1 group had higher LVSP and ±dP/dtmax, lower LVEDP compared to control or Adv-LacZ group. The number of c-Kit+ stem cells, and gene expression of SDF-1, VEGF and bFGF were obviously increased, which was associated with reduced infarct size, thicker left ventricle wall, greater vascular density and cardiocytes density in infarcted hearts of AdV-SDF-1 group. Furthermore, the expression of collagen type I and type III mRNA, and collagen accumulation in the infarcted area was lower, which was associated with decreased TGF-β1, TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 expression in AdV-SDF-1 group. Conclusion: SDF-1α could improve cardiac structure and function after Myocardial infarction through angiogenic and anti-fibrotic actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junming Tang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Renmin Hospital, Yunyang Medical College, 442000, Shiyan, Hubei, People's Republic of China.
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22
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Schuh A, Liehn EA, Sasse A, Schneider R, Neuss S, Weber C, Kelm M, Merx MW. Improved left ventricular function after transplantation of microspheres and fibroblasts in a rat model of myocardial infarction. Basic Res Cardiol 2009; 104:403-11. [PMID: 19139948 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-008-0763-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2008] [Accepted: 10/30/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
As a novel and promising therapeutic strategy for heart failure, the application of different cell types is the subject of increasing research interest. In this study we investigated the effect of several cell types and microspheres (uniform polystyrene microspheres, 10 microm diameter) transplanted 4 weeks after induction of myocardial infarction in a rat model. Eight weeks after intramyocardial application of fibroblasts and microspheres, left ventricular function was significantly improved as demonstrated by isolated heart studies (Langendorff) and echocardiographic findings (LVDP fibroblasts 129 +/- 32.9 mmHg, LVDP microspheres 119.2 +/- 24.1 mmHg, fractional shortening (FS) microspheres 38.9 +/- 4.6%, FS fibroblasts 36.84 +/- 6.05%) in contrast to injection of macrophages or medium alone (LVDP medium 67 +/- 22.6 mmHg, LVDP macrophages 75.9 +/- 24.8 mmHg, FS macrophages 29.16 +/- 8.7%, FS medium 27.2 +/- 7.2%, P < 0.05). Signals of Bromodesoxy-Uridine (BrdU) labeled transplanted fibroblasts were detected in infarcted areas. Microspheres were recorded abundantly by autofluorescence. Significantly more apoptotic cells were observed in infarcted areas of macrophage (328.6 +/- 37.4 cells/mm(2)) and medium (338.7 +/- 16.5 cells/mm(2); P < 0.05) treated hearts compared to microsphere (233.2 +/- 16.8 cells/mm(2)) and fibroblast (232.2 +/- 19.1 cells/mm(2)) injected hearts. Neovascularization, as reflected by the density of CD 31 positive vessels in the infracted area, did not differ between the four groups studied. The increased number of macrophages in infarcted areas after fibroblast and microsphere injection (fibroblasts 94.7 +/- 7.1 cells/mm(2), microspheres 82.2 +/- 3.0 cells/mm(2), macrophages 56.02 +/- 9.93 cells/mm(2), medium 46.35 +/- 9.03 cells/mm(2), P < 0.05) suggests that the underlying mechanism of augmented left ventricular function might be based on inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Schuh
- Medizinische Klinik I, Universitätsklinikum der RWTH Aachen, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52057, Aachen, Germany
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23
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Halkos ME, Zhao ZQ, Kerendi F, Wang NP, Jiang R, Schmarkey LS, Martin BJ, Quyyumi AA, Few WL, Kin H, Guyton RA, Vinten-Johansen J. Intravenous infusion of mesenchymal stem cells enhances regional perfusion and improves ventricular function in a porcine model of myocardial infarction. Basic Res Cardiol 2008; 103:525-36. [PMID: 18704259 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-008-0741-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2008] [Accepted: 07/15/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation of stem cells may improve regional perfusion and post-infarct ventricular function, but the optimal dose and efficacy of cell delivery via the intravenous route has not been determined. This study tested the hypothesis that intravenous infusion of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) enhances regional perfusion and improves ventricular function after myocardial infarction. In a closed-chest pig model, the LAD coronary artery was occluded for 75 min by angioplasty balloon inflation followed by 12 weeks of reperfusion. After 15 min of reperfusion, pigs randomly received 1 of 4 treatments: (1) Vehicle (Control, n = 10); (2) 1 x 10(6) MSCs/kg (1 mill, n = 7); (3) 3 x 10(6) MSCs/kg (3 mill, n = 8) and (4) 10 x 10(6) MSCs/kg (10 mill, n = 8). Angiogenesis was demonstrated by immunohistochemical staining, myocardial blood flow (steady state and vasodilator reserve) was measured using 15 microm neutron-activated microspheres, and cardiac function was determined by contrast left ventriculography (ejection fraction) and pressure-volume relationships. After 12 week of reperfusion, von Willebrand Factor-positive vessels and tissue vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in the scar zone was significantly greater in all MSCs-treated animals relative to Control. Steady state myocardial blood flow in the scar tissue was comparable among groups. However, adenosine recruited vasodilator reserve in the scar zone induced by intracoronary adenosine was significantly higher in the MSC-treated animals compared to Control. Furthermore, preload-recruitable stroke work and systolic performance were significantly greater compared to Control. In conclusion, these data demonstrate that intravenous delivery of MSCs during early reperfusion augments vasculogenesis, enhances regional perfusion, and improves post-infarct ventricular function. The results suggest that intravenous infusion of MSCs is an effective modality for the treatment of ischemia/reperfusion induced myocardial injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Halkos
- Cardiothoracic Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Emory Crawford Long Hospital, 550 Peachtree Street, NE, Atlanta, GA 30308, USA
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24
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Psaltis PJ, Gronthos S, Worthley SG, Zannettino AC. Cellular Therapy for Cardiovascular Disease Part 1 - Preclinical Insights. Clin Med Cardiol 2008. [DOI: 10.4137/cmc.s571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Psaltis
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Adelaide Hospital; Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5000
| | - Stan Gronthos
- Division of Haematology, Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science; Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5000
| | - Stephen G Worthley
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, Royal Adelaide Hospital; Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5000
| | - Andrew C.W. Zannettino
- Division of Haematology, Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science; Department of Medicine, University of Adelaide, South Australia, 5000
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25
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Petit I, Jin D, Rafii S. The SDF-1-CXCR4 signaling pathway: a molecular hub modulating neo-angiogenesis. Trends Immunol 2007; 28:299-307. [PMID: 17560169 PMCID: PMC2952492 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2007.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 440] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2007] [Revised: 04/24/2007] [Accepted: 05/16/2007] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pro-angiogenic bone marrow (BM) cells include subsets of hematopoietic cells that provide vascular support and endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), which under certain permissive conditions could differentiate into functional vascular cells. Recent evidence demonstrates that the chemokine stromal-cell derived factor-1 (SDF-1, also known as CXCL12) has a major role in the recruitment and retention of CXCR4(+) BM cells to the neo-angiogenic niches supporting revascularization of ischemic tissue and tumor growth. However, the precise mechanism by which activation of CXCR4 modulates neo-angiogenesis is not clear. SDF-1 not only promotes revascularization by engaging with CXCR4 expressed on the vascular cells but also supports mobilization of pro-angiogenic CXCR4(+)VEGFR1(+) hematopoietic cells, thereby accelerating revascularization of ischemic organs. Here, we attempt to define the multiple functions of the SDF-1-CXCR4 signaling pathway in the regulation of neo-vascularization during acute ischemia and tumor growth. In particular, we introduce the concept that, by modulating plasma SDF-1 levels, the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 acutely promotes, while chronic AMD3100 treatment inhibits, mobilization of pro-angiogenic cells. We will also discuss strategies to modulate the mobilization of essential subsets of BM cells that participate in neo-angiogenesis, setting up the stage for enhancing revascularization or targeting tumor vessels by exploiting CXCR4 agonists and antagonists, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Petit
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Medical College, Cornell University, NY 10021, USA
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26
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Brunner S, Kopp R, Franz WM. Endovascular repair of symptomatic abdominal aortic aneurysm complicated by postoperative acute myocardial infarction with cardiogenic shock. Clin Res Cardiol 2007; 96:236-9. [PMID: 17323012 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-007-0498-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2006] [Accepted: 01/03/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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27
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Fukuyama N, Tanaka E, Tabata Y, Fujikura H, Hagihara M, Sakamoto H, Ando K, Nakazawa H, Mori H. Intravenous injection of phagocytes transfected ex vivo with FGF4 DNA/biodegradable gelatin complex promotes angiogenesis in a rat myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury model. Basic Res Cardiol 2006; 102:209-16. [PMID: 17058153 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-006-0629-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2006] [Revised: 09/11/2006] [Accepted: 10/09/2006] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Conventional gene therapies still present difficulties due to poor tissue-targeting, invasiveness of delivery, method, or the use of viral vectors. To establish the feasibility of using non-virally ex vivo transfected phagocytes to promote angiogenesis in ischemic myocardium, gene-transfection into isolated phagocytes was performed by culture with positively charged gelatin impregnated with plasmid DNA. A high rate of gene transfection was achieved in rat macrophages and human monocytes, but not in mouse fibroblasts. The efficiency was 68 +/- 11% in rat macrophages and 78 +/- 8% in human monocytes. Intravenously injected phagocytes accumulated predominantly in ischemic tissue (13 +/- 8%) and spleen (84 +/- 6%), but negligibly in other organs in rodents. The efficiency of accumulation in the target ischemic tissue reached more than 86% on direct local tissue injection. In a rat model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion, intravenous injection of fibroblast growth factor 4 (FGF4)-gene-transfected macrophages significantly increased regional blood flow in the ischemic myocardium (78 +/- 7.1 % in terms of flow ratio of ischemic/non-ischemic myocardium) compared with intravenous administration of saline (36 +/- 11%) or nontransfected macrophages (42 +/- 12 %), or intramuscular administration of naked DNA encoding FGF4 (75 +/- 18 %). Enhanced angiogenesis in the ischemic tissue we confirmed histologically. Similarly, intravenous injection of FGF4-gene-transfected monocytes enhanced regional blood flow in an ischemic hindlimb model in mice (93 +/- 22 %), being superior to the three other treatments described above (38 +/- 12, 39 +/- 15, and 55 +/- 12%, respectively). Phagocytes transfected ex vivo with FGF4 DNA/gelatin promoted angiogenesis. This approach might have potential for non-viral angiogenic gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Fukuyama
- Depts of Physiology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, 259-1193, Japan.
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28
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Mayer B, Erdmann J, Schunkert H. Genetics and heritability of coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. Clin Res Cardiol 2006; 96:1-7. [PMID: 17021678 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-006-0447-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2006] [Accepted: 08/11/2006] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A positive family history is frequently reported by patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) or myocardial infarction. For risk stratification, it is crucial to distinguish between accidental reoccurrence of sporadic cases and cases with a true heritable component of the conditions. A familial predisposition is assumed when a myocardial infarction is diagnosed by a male first degree relative before the 55th year of life or a female first degree relative before the 65th year of life. The current manuscript reviews major studies from which a familial risk of CAD or myocardial infarction can be inferred. Moreover, a brief overview summarizes the current results of molecular genetic research on chromosomal loci and genes relevant for CAD and myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Mayer
- Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), Ratzeburger Allee 160, Campus Lübeck, Medizinische Klinik II, 23538 Lübeck, Germany.
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