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Vorstandlechner V, Copic D, Klas K, Direder M, Golabi B, Radtke C, Ankersmit HJ, Mildner M. The Secretome of Irradiated Peripheral Mononuclear Cells Attenuates Hypertrophic Skin Scarring. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15041065. [PMID: 37111549 PMCID: PMC10143262 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15041065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic scars can cause pain, movement restrictions, and reduction in the quality of life. Despite numerous options to treat hypertrophic scarring, efficient therapies are still scarce, and cellular mechanisms are not well understood. Factors secreted by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCsec) have been previously described for their beneficial effects on tissue regeneration. In this study, we investigated the effects of PBMCsec on skin scarring in mouse models and human scar explant cultures at single-cell resolution (scRNAseq). Mouse wounds and scars, and human mature scars were treated with PBMCsec intradermally and topically. The topical and intradermal application of PBMCsec regulated the expression of various genes involved in pro-fibrotic processes and tissue remodeling. We identified elastin as a common linchpin of anti-fibrotic action in both mouse and human scars. In vitro, we found that PBMCsec prevents TGFβ-mediated myofibroblast differentiation and attenuates abundant elastin expression with non-canonical signaling inhibition. Furthermore, the TGFβ-induced breakdown of elastic fibers was strongly inhibited by the addition of PBMCsec. In conclusion, we conducted an extensive study with multiple experimental approaches and ample scRNAseq data demonstrating the anti-fibrotic effect of PBMCsec on cutaneous scars in mouse and human experimental settings. These findings point at PBMCsec as a novel therapeutic option to treat skin scarring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Vorstandlechner
- Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis, Regeneration and Applied Immunology, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Aposcience AG, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dragan Copic
- Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis, Regeneration and Applied Immunology, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Aposcience AG, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Medicine III, Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Klas
- Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis, Regeneration and Applied Immunology, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Aposcience AG, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Direder
- Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis, Regeneration and Applied Immunology, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Aposcience AG, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma-Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bahar Golabi
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Radtke
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hendrik J. Ankersmit
- Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis, Regeneration and Applied Immunology, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Aposcience AG, 1200 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Mildner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence:
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2
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Copic D, Direder M, Schossleitner K, Laggner M, Klas K, Bormann D, Ankersmit HJ, Mildner M. Paracrine Factors of Stressed Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Activate Proangiogenic and Anti-Proteolytic Processes in Whole Blood Cells and Protect the Endothelial Barrier. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14081600. [PMID: 36015226 PMCID: PMC9415091 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14081600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue-regenerative properties have been attributed to secreted paracrine factors derived from stem cells and other cell types. In particular, the secretome of γ-irradiated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCsec) has been shown to possess high tissue-regenerative and proangiogenic capacities in a variety of preclinical studies. In light of future therapeutic intravenous applications of PBMCsec, we investigated the possible effects of PBMCsec on white blood cells and endothelial cells lining the vasculature. To identify changes in the transcriptional profile, whole blood was drawn from healthy individuals and stimulated with PBMCsec for 8 h ex vivo before further processing for single-cell RNA sequencing. PBMCsec significantly altered the gene signature of granulocytes (17 genes), T-cells (45 genes), B-cells (72 genes), and, most prominently, monocytes (322 genes). We detected a strong upregulation of several tissue-regenerative and proangiogenic cyto- and chemokines in monocytes, including VEGFA, CXCL1, and CXCL5. Intriguingly, inhibitors of endopeptidase activity, such as SERPINB2, were also strongly induced. Measurement of the trans-endothelial electrical resistance of primary human microvascular endothelial cells revealed a strong barrier-protective effect of PBMCsec after barrier disruption. Together, we show that PBMCsec induces angiogenic and proteolytic processes in the blood and is able to attenuate endothelial barrier damage. These regenerative properties suggest that systemic application of PBMCsec might be a promising novel strategy to restore damaged organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragan Copic
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (D.C.); (M.D.); (M.L.); (K.K.); (D.B.)
- Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Direder
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (D.C.); (M.D.); (M.L.); (K.K.); (D.B.)
- Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaudia Schossleitner
- Skin and Endothelium Research Division, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Maria Laggner
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (D.C.); (M.D.); (M.L.); (K.K.); (D.B.)
- Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Klas
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (D.C.); (M.D.); (M.L.); (K.K.); (D.B.)
- Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Bormann
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (D.C.); (M.D.); (M.L.); (K.K.); (D.B.)
- Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hendrik Jan Ankersmit
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (D.C.); (M.D.); (M.L.); (K.K.); (D.B.)
- Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: (H.J.A.); (M.M.)
| | - Michael Mildner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: (H.J.A.); (M.M.)
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3
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Laggner M, Acosta GS, Kitzmüller C, Copic D, Gruber F, Altenburger LM, Vorstandlechner V, Gugerell A, Direder M, Klas K, Bormann D, Peterbauer A, Shibuya A, Bohle B, Ankersmit HJ, Mildner M. The secretome of irradiated peripheral blood mononuclear cells attenuates activation of mast cells and basophils. EBioMedicine 2022; 81:104093. [PMID: 35671621 PMCID: PMC9168057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND IgE-mediated hypersensitivity is becoming increasingly prevalent and activation of mast cells and basophils represent key events in the pathophysiology of allergy. We have previously reported that the secretome of γ-irradiated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCsec) exerts beneficial anti-inflammatory effects. Yet, its ability to alleviate allergic symptoms has not been investigated so far. METHODS Several experimental in vitro and in vivo models have been used in this basic research study. A murine ear swelling model was used to study the effects of PBMCsec on 48/80-induced mast cell degranulation in vivo. The transcriptional profile of murine mast cells was analysed by single cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq). Mast cell activation was studied in vitro using primary skin mast cells. Basophils from individuals allergic to birch pollens were used to investigate basophile activation by allergens. Transcriptomic and lipidomic analyses were used to identify mRNA expression and lipid species present in PBMCsec, respectively. FINDINGS Topical application of PBMCsec on mouse ears (C57BL/6) significantly reduced tissue swelling following intradermal injection of compound 48/80, an inducer of mast cell degranulation. Single cell RNA sequencing of PBMCsec-treated murine dermal mast cells (Balb/c) revealed a downregulation of genes involved in immune cell degranulation and Fc-receptor signalling. In addition, treatment of primary human dermal mast cells with PBMCsec strongly inhibited compound 48/80- and α-IgE-induced mediator release in vitro. Furthermore, PBMCsec remarkably attenuated allergen driven activation of basophils from allergic individuals. Transcriptomic analysis of these basophils showed that PBMCsec downregulated a distinct gene battery involved in immune cell degranulation and Fc-receptor signalling, corroborating results obtained from dermal mast cells. Finally, we identified the lipid fraction of PBMCsec as the major active ingredient involved in effector cell inhibition. INTERPRETATION Collectively, our data demonstrate that PBMCsec is able to reduce activation of mast cells and basophils, encouraging further studies on the potential use of PBMCsec for treating allergy. FUNDING Austrian Research Promotion Agency (852748 and 862068, 2015-2019), Vienna Business Agency (2343727, 2018-2020), Aposcience AG, Austrian Federal Ministry of Education, Science and Research (SPA06/055), Danube Allergy Research Cluster, Austrian Science Fund (I4437 and P32953).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laggner
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriela Sánchez Acosta
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Kitzmüller
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dragan Copic
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Vienna, Austria; Aposcience AG, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Gruber
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Vera Vorstandlechner
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Vienna, Austria; Aposcience AG, Vienna, Austria; Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alfred Gugerell
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Vienna, Austria; Aposcience AG, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Direder
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Vienna, Austria; Aposcience AG, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Klas
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Vienna, Austria; Aposcience AG, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel Bormann
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Vienna, Austria; Aposcience AG, Vienna, Austria
| | - Anja Peterbauer
- Aposcience AG, Vienna, Austria; Austrian Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service of Upper Austria, Linz, Austria
| | - Akira Shibuya
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Barbara Bohle
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hendrik Jan Ankersmit
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Vienna, Austria; Aposcience AG, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Michael Mildner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Lazarettgasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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PBMNCs Treatment in Critical Limb Ischemia and Candidate Biomarkers of Efficacy. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12051137. [PMID: 35626293 PMCID: PMC9139406 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12051137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
When in critical limb ischemia (CLI) the healing process aborts or does not follow an orderly and timely sequence, a chronic vascular wound develops. The latter is major problem today, as their epidemiology is continuously increasing due to the aging population and a growth in the incidence of the underlying diseases. In the US, the mean annualized prevalence of necrotic wounds due to the fact of CLI is 1.33% (95% CI, 1.32–1.34%), and the cost of dressings alone has been estimated at USD 5 billion per year from healthcare budgets. A promising cell treatment in wound healing is the local injection of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs). The treatment is aimed to induce angiogenesis as well to switch inflammatory macrophages, called the M1 phenotype, into anti-inflammatory macrophages, called M2, a phenotype devoted to tissue repair. This mechanism is called polarization and is a critical step for the healing of all human tissues. Regarding the clinical efficacy of PBMNCs, the level of evidence is still low, and a considerable effort is necessary for completing the translational process toward the patient bed site. From this point of view, it is crucial to identify some candidate biomarkers to detect the switching process from M1 to M2 in response to the cell treatment.
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Secretome of Stressed Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Alters Transcriptome Signature in Heart, Liver, and Spleen after an Experimental Acute Myocardial Infarction: An In Silico Analysis. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11010116. [PMID: 35053121 PMCID: PMC8772778 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Acute myocardial infarction is characterized by impaired coronary blood flow, which leads to cardiac ischemia and, ultimately, compromised heart function. Damage and cellular responses are not limited to the non-perfused area, but rather affect the entire heart, as well as distal organs, such as the liver and spleen. We found that the therapeutic secretome of stressed white blood cells improved short-term and long-term cardiac performance in a porcine infarction model. In order to unravel the molecular events governing secretome-mediated tissue regeneration, we performed transcriptional analyses of the non-perfused, transition, and perfused heart, as well as the liver and spleen 24 h after myocardial infarction. We observed a highly tissue-specific effect of the secretome and, except for the transition zone, a uniform downregulation of pro-inflammatory factors and pathways. Simultaneously, the secretome strongly promoted the expression of genes that are essential for heart function in the non-perfused area. In the liver and spleen, different metabolic processes were induced. Together, our data suggest several plausible mechanisms by which the secretome improves heart function after cardiac ischemia. Deepening our understanding of the molecular processes identified here might uncover further pharmacologic strategies aiming at delimiting adverse cardiac remodeling and sequelae after myocardial infarction. Abstract Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a result of cardiac non-perfusion and leads to cardiomyocyte necrosis, inflammation, and compromised cardiac performance. Here, we showed that the secretome of γ-irradiated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCsec) improved heart function in a porcine AMI model and displayed beneficial long- and short-term effects. As an AMI is known to strongly affect gene regulation of the ischemia non-affected heart muscle and distal organs, we employed a transcriptomics approach to further study the immediate molecular events orchestrated using the PBMCsec in myocardium, liver, and spleen 24 h post ischemia. In the infarcted area, the PBMCsec mainly induced genes that were essential for cardiomyocyte function and simultaneously downregulated pro-inflammatory genes. Interestingly, genes associated with pro-inflammatory processes were activated in the transition zone, while being downregulated in the remote zone. In the liver, we observed a pronounced inhibition of immune responses using the PBMCsec, while genes involved in urea and tricarboxylic cycles were induced. The spleen displayed elevated lipid metabolism and reduced immunological processes. Together, our study suggested several types of pharmacodynamics by which the PBMCsec conferred immediate cardioprotection. Furthermore, our data supported the assumption that an AMI significantly affects distal organs, suggesting that a holistic treatment of an AMI, as achieved by PBMCsec, might be highly beneficial.
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van Heerden PV, Abutbul A, Sviri S, Zlotnick E, Nama A, Zimro S, El-Amore R, Shabat Y, Reicher B, Falah B, Mevorach D. Apoptotic Cells for Therapeutic Use in Cytokine Storm Associated With Sepsis- A Phase Ib Clinical Trial. Front Immunol 2021; 12:718191. [PMID: 34659208 PMCID: PMC8515139 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.718191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sepsis has no proven specific pharmacologic treatment and reported mortality ranges from 30%–45%. The primary aim of this phase IB study was to determine the safety profile of Allocetra™-OTS (early apoptotic cell) infusion in subjects presenting to the emergency room with sepsis. The secondary aims were to measure organ dysfunction, intensive care unit (ICU) and hospital stays, and mortality. Exploratory endpoints included measuring immune modulator agents to elucidate the mechanism of action. Methods Ten patients presenting to the emergency room at the Hadassah Medical Center with sepsis were enrolled in this phase Ib clinical study. Enrolled patients were males and females aged 51–83 years, who had a Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score ≥2 above baseline and were septic due to presumed infection. Allocetra™-OTS was administered as a single dose (day +1) or in two doses of 140×106 cells/kg on (day +1 and +3), following initiation of standard-of-care (SOC) treatment for septic patients. Safety was evaluated by serious adverse events (SAEs) and adverse events (AEs). Organ dysfunction, ICU and hospital stays, and mortality, were compared to historical controls. Immune modulator agents were measured using Luminex® multiplex analysis. Results All 10 patients had mild-to-moderate sepsis with SOFA scores ranging from 2–6 upon entering the study. No SAEs and no related AEs were reported. All 10 study subjects survived, while matched historical controls had a mortality rate of 27%. The study subjects exhibited rapid resolution of organ dysfunction and had significantly shorter ICU stays compared to matched historical controls (p<0.0001). All patients had both elevated pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and additional immune modulators that gradually decreased following treatment. Conclusion Administration of apoptotic cells to patients with mild-to-moderate sepsis was safe and had a significant immuno-modulating effect, leading to early resolution of the cytokine storm. Clinical Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03925857. (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT03925857).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Avraham Abutbul
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sigal Sviri
- Medical Intensive Care Unit, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eitan Zlotnick
- Rheumatology and Rare Disease Research Center, The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center and School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ahmad Nama
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center and School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Sebastian Zimro
- General Intensive Care Unit, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Raja El-Amore
- Rheumatology and Rare Disease Research Center, The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center and School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yehudit Shabat
- Department of Research, Enlivex Therapeutics Ltd., Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Barak Reicher
- Department of Research, Enlivex Therapeutics Ltd., Ness-Ziona, Israel
| | - Batla Falah
- Department of Cardiology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Dror Mevorach
- Rheumatology and Rare Disease Research Center, The Wohl Institute for Translational Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center and School, Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Medicine, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
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Laggner M, Gugerell A, Copic D, Jeitler M, Springer M, Peterbauer A, Kremslehner C, Filzwieser-Narzt M, Gruber F, Madlener S, Erb M, Widder J, Lechner W, Georg D, Mildner M, Ankersmit HJ. Comparing the efficacy of γ- and electron-irradiation of PBMCs to promote secretion of paracrine, regenerative factors. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2021; 21:14-27. [PMID: 33768126 PMCID: PMC7960502 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2021.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cell-free secretomes represent a promising new therapeutic avenue in regenerative medicine, and γ-irradiation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) has been shown to promote the release of paracrine factors with high regenerative potential. Recently, the use of alternative irradiation sources, such as artificially generated β- or electron-irradiation, is encouraged by authorities. Since the effect of the less hazardous electron-radiation on the production and functions of paracrine factors has not been tested so far, we compared the effects of γ- and electron-irradiation on PBMCs and determined the efficacy of both radiation sources for producing regenerative secretomes. Exposure to 60 Gy γ-rays from a radioactive nuclide and 60 Gy electron-irradiation provided by a linear accelerator comparably induced cell death and DNA damage. The transcriptional landscapes of PBMCs exposed to either radiation source shared a high degree of similarity. Secretion patterns of proteins, lipids, and extracellular vesicles displayed similar profiles after γ- and electron-irradiation. Lastly, we detected comparable biological activities in functional assays reflecting the regenerative potential of the secretomes. Taken together, we were able to demonstrate that electron-irradiation is an effective, alternative radiation source for producing therapeutic, cell-free secretomes. Our study paves the way for future clinical trials employing secretomes generated with electron-irradiation in tissue-regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laggner
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alfred Gugerell
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dragan Copic
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Jeitler
- Core Facility Genomics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Springer
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Anja Peterbauer
- Austrian Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service of Upper Austria, 4020 Linz, Austria
| | - Christopher Kremslehner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Biotechnology of Skin Aging, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Manuel Filzwieser-Narzt
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Biotechnology of Skin Aging, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Gruber
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Biotechnology of Skin Aging, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sibylle Madlener
- Molecular Neuro-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, and Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Comprehensive Cancer Center of the Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Erb
- SYNLAB Analytics and Services Switzerland AG, 4127 Birsfelden, Switzerland
| | - Joachim Widder
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Lechner
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dietmar Georg
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Mildner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Hendrik Jan Ankersmit
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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8
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Gugerell A, Gouya-Lechner G, Hofbauer H, Laggner M, Trautinger F, Almer G, Peterbauer-Scherb A, Seibold M, Hoetzenecker W, Dreschl C, Mildner M, Ankersmit HJ. Safety and clinical efficacy of the secretome of stressed peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with diabetic foot ulcer-study protocol of the randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter, international phase II clinical trial MARSYAS II. Trials 2021; 22:10. [PMID: 33407796 PMCID: PMC7789696 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-04948-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes and its sequelae such as diabetic foot ulcer are rising health hazards not only in western countries but all over the world. Effective, yet safe treatments are desperately sought for by physicians, healthcare providers, and of course patients. Methods/design APOSEC, a novel, innovative drug, is tested in the phase I/II study MARSYAS II, where its efficacy to promote healing of diabetic foot ulcers will be determined. To this end, the cell-free secretome of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (APOSEC) blended with a hydrogel will be applied topically three times weekly for 4 weeks. APOSEC is predominantly effective in hypoxia-induced tissue damages by modulating the immune system and enhancing angiogenesis, whereby its anti-microbial ability and neuro-regenerative capacity will exert further positive effects. In total, 132 patients will be enrolled in the multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group, dose-ranging phase I/II study and treated with APOSEC at three dose levels or placebo for 4 weeks, followed by an 8-week follow-up period to evaluate safety and efficacy of the drug. Wound area reduction after 4 weeks of treatment will serve as the primary endpoint. Conclusion We consider our study protocol to be suitable to test topically administered APOSEC in patients suffering from diabetic foot ulcers in a clinical phase I/II trial. Trial registration EudraCT 2018-001653-27. Registered on 30 July 2019. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04277598. Registered on 20 February 2020. Title: “A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study to evaluate safety and dose-dependent clinical efficacy of APO-2 at three different doses in patients with diabetic foot ulcer (MARSYAS II)” Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13063-020-04948-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Gugerell
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Aposcience AG, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Helmut Hofbauer
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Aposcience AG, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Laggner
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria.,Aposcience AG, Vienna, Austria
| | - Franz Trautinger
- Clinical Department for Skin and Venereal Diseases, Universitaetsklinikum St.Poelten, St. Poelten, Austria
| | | | | | - Marcus Seibold
- Aposcience AG, Vienna, Austria.,Austrian Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service of Upper Austria, Linz, Austria
| | - Wolfram Hoetzenecker
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Kepler University Hospital, Linz, Austria
| | - Christiane Dreschl
- Department of Surgery, Krankenhaus der Elisabethinen Klagenfurt, Klagenfurt, Austria
| | - Michael Mildner
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hendrik Jan Ankersmit
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria. .,Aposcience AG, Vienna, Austria.
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9
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Hacker S, Mittermayr R, Traxler D, Keibl C, Resch A, Salminger S, Leiss H, Hacker P, Gabriel C, Golabi B, Pauzenberger R, Slezak P, Laggner M, Mildner M, Michlits W, Ankersmit HJ. The secretome of stressed peripheral blood mononuclear cells increases tissue survival in a rodent epigastric flap model. Bioeng Transl Med 2021; 6:e10186. [PMID: 33532586 PMCID: PMC7823127 DOI: 10.1002/btm2.10186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reconstructive surgery transfers viable tissue to cover defects and to restore aesthetic and functional properties. Failure rates after free flap surgery range from 3 to 7%. Co-morbidities such as diabetes mellitus or peripheral vascular disease increase the risk of flap failure up to 4.5-fold. Experimental therapeutic concepts commonly use a monocausal approach by applying single growth factors. The secretome of γ-irradiated, stressed peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCsec) resembles the physiological environment necessary for tissue regeneration. Its application led to improved wound healing rates and a two-fold increase in blood vessel counts in previous animal models. We hypothesized that PBMCsec has beneficial effects on the survival of compromised flap tissue by reducing the necrosis rate and increasing angiogenesis. Surgery was performed on 39 male Sprague-Dawley rats (control, N = 13; fibrin sealant, N = 14; PBMCsec, N = 12). PBMCsec was produced according to good manufacturing practices (GMP) guidelines and 2 ml were administered intraoperatively at a concentration of 2.5 × 107 cells/ml using fibrin sealant as carrier substance. Flap perfusion and necrosis (as percentage of the total flap area) were analyzed using Laser Doppler Imaging and digital image planimetry on postoperative days 3 and 7. Immunohistochemical stainings for von Willebrand factor (vWF) and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-receptor-3 (Flt-4) were performed on postoperative day 7 to evaluate formation of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels. Seroma formation was quantified using a syringe and flap adhesion and tissue edema were evaluated clinically through a cranial incision by a blinded observer according to previously described criteria on postoperative day 7. We found a significantly reduced tissue necrosis rate (control: 27.8% ± 8.6; fibrin: 22.0% ± 6.2; 20.9% reduction, p = .053 vs. control; PBMCsec: 19.1% ± 7.2; 31.1% reduction, p = .012 vs. control; 12.9% reduction, 0.293 vs. fibrin) together with increased vWF+ vessel counts (control: 70.3 ± 16.3 vessels/4 fields at 200× magnification; fibrin: 67.8 ± 12.1; 3.6% reduction, p = .651, vs. control; PBMCsec: 85.9 ± 20.4; 22.2% increase, p = .045 vs. control; 26.7% increase, p = .010 vs. fibrin) on postoperative day 7 after treatment with PBMCsec. Seroma formation was decreased after treatment with fibrin sealant with or without the addition of PBMCsec. (control: 11.9 ± 9.7 ml; fibrin: 1.7 ± 5.3, 86.0% reduction, 0.004 vs. control; PBMCsec: 0.6 ± 2.0; 94.8% reduction, p = .001 vs. control; 62.8% reduction, p = .523 vs. fibrin). We describe the beneficial effects of a secretome derived from γ-irradiated PBMCs on tissue survival, angiogenesis, and clinical parameters after flap surgery in a rodent epigastric flap model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Hacker
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and RegenerationViennaAustria
| | - Rainer Mittermayr
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical TraumatologyViennaAustria
| | - Denise Traxler
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and RegenerationViennaAustria
| | - Claudia Keibl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical TraumatologyViennaAustria
| | - Annika Resch
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Stefan Salminger
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Harald Leiss
- Division of RheumatologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Philipp Hacker
- Department of Oral‐ and Maxillofacial SurgeryUniversity Clinic Sankt PoeltenSankt PoeltenAustria
| | - Christian Gabriel
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical TraumatologyViennaAustria
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion MedicineMedical University of GrazAustria
| | - Bahar Golabi
- Department of DermatologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Reinhard Pauzenberger
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Paul Slezak
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical TraumatologyViennaAustria
| | - Maria Laggner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and RegenerationViennaAustria
| | - Michael Mildner
- Department of DermatologyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Wolfgang Michlits
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive SurgeryHospital Wiener NeustadtWiener NeustadtAustria
| | - Hendrik J. Ankersmit
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and RegenerationViennaAustria
- Division of Thoracic SurgeryMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
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10
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Haque N, Fareez IM, Fong LF, Mandal C, Kasim NHA, Kacharaju KR, Soesilawati P. Role of the CXCR4-SDF1-HMGB1 pathway in the directional migration of cells and regeneration of affected organs. World J Stem Cells 2020. [DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i9.0000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
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11
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Haque N, Fareez IM, Fong LF, Mandal C, Abu Kasim NH, Kacharaju KR, Soesilawati P. Role of the CXCR4-SDF1-HMGB1 pathway in the directional migration of cells and regeneration of affected organs. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:938-951. [PMID: 33033556 PMCID: PMC7524697 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i9.938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, several studies have reported positive outcomes of cell-based therapies despite insufficient engraftment of transplanted cells. These findings have created a huge interest in the regenerative potential of paracrine factors released from transplanted stem or progenitor cells. Interestingly, this notion has also led scientists to question the role of proteins in the secretome produced by cells, tissues or organisms under certain conditions or at a particular time of regenerative therapy. Further studies have revealed that the secretomes derived from different cell types contain paracrine factors that could help to prevent apoptosis and induce proliferation of cells residing within the tissues of affected organs. This could also facilitate the migration of immune, progenitor and stem cells within the body to the site of inflammation. Of these different paracrine factors present within the secretome, researchers have given proper consideration to stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF1) that plays a vital role in tissue-specific migration of the cells needed for regeneration. Recently researchers recognized that SDF1 could facilitate site-specific migration of cells by regulating SDF1-CXCR4 and/or HMGB1-SDF1-CXCR4 pathways which is vital for tissue regeneration. Hence in this study, we have attempted to describe the role of different types of cells within the body in facilitating regeneration while emphasizing the HMGB1-SDF1-CXCR4 pathway that orchestrates the migration of cells to the site where regeneration is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazmul Haque
- Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Selangor 42610, Malaysia
| | - Ismail M Fareez
- Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Selangor 42610, Malaysia
| | - Liew Fong Fong
- Department of Oral Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, MAHSA University, Selangor 42610, Malaysia
| | - Chanchal Mandal
- Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering Discipline, Life Science, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Noor Hayaty Abu Kasim
- Faculty of Dentistry, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 411007, Indonesia
| | - Kranthi Raja Kacharaju
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry MAHSA University, Selangor 42610, Malaysia
| | - Pratiwi Soesilawati
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
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12
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Panahipour L, Kochergina E, Laggner M, Zimmermann M, Mildner M, Ankersmit HJ, Gruber R. Role for Lipids Secreted by Irradiated Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Inflammatory Resolution in Vitro. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134694. [PMID: 32630157 PMCID: PMC7370068 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal inflammation is associated with dying cells that potentially release metabolites helping to promote inflammatory resolution. We had shown earlier that the secretome of irradiated, dying peripheral blood mononuclear cells support in vitro angiogenesis. However, the ability of the secretome to promote inflammatory resolution remains unknown. Here, we determined the expression changes of inflammatory cytokines in murine bone marrow macrophages, RAW264.7 cells, and gingival fibroblasts exposed to the secretome obtained from γ-irradiated peripheral blood mononuclear cells in vitro by RT-PCR and immunoassays. Nuclear translocation of p65 was detected by immunofluorescence staining. Phosphorylation of p65 and degradation of IκB was determined by Western blot. The secretome of irradiated peripheral blood mononuclear cells significantly decreased the expression of IL1 and IL6 in primary macrophages and RAW264.7 cells when exposed to LPS or saliva, and of IL1, IL6, and IL8 in gingival fibroblasts when exposed to IL-1β and TNFα. These changes were associated with decreased phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of p65 but not degradation of IκB in macrophages. We also show that the lipid fraction of the secretome lowered the inflammatory response of macrophages exposed to the inflammatory cues. These results demonstrate that the secretome of irradiated peripheral blood mononuclear cells can lower an in vitro simulated inflammatory response, supporting the overall concept that the secretome of dying cells promotes inflammatory resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Panahipour
- Department of Oral Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.P.); (E.K.)
| | - Evgeniya Kochergina
- Department of Oral Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.P.); (E.K.)
| | - Maria Laggner
- Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis, Regeneration and Applied Immunology, Währingergürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.L.); (H.J.A.)
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währingergürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Zimmermann
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währingergürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Michael Mildner
- Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Währingergürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Hendrik J. Ankersmit
- Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis, Regeneration and Applied Immunology, Währingergürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.L.); (H.J.A.)
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währingergürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Reinhard Gruber
- Department of Oral Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Sensengasse 2a, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (L.P.); (E.K.)
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Donaueschingenstraße 13, 1200 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence:
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13
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Winkler J, Lukovic D, Mester-Tonczar J, Zlabinger K, Gugerell A, Pavo N, Jakab A, Szankai Z, Traxler D, Müller C, Spannbauer A, Riesenhuber M, Hašimbegović E, Dawkins J, Zimmermann M, Ankersmit HJ, Marbán E, Gyöngyösi M. Quantitative Hybrid Cardiac [ 18F]FDG-PET-MRI Images for Assessment of Cardiac Repair by Preconditioned Cardiosphere-Derived Cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2020; 18:354-366. [PMID: 32671138 PMCID: PMC7341058 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) are progenitor cells derived from heart tissue and have shown promising results in preclinical models. APOSEC, the secretome of irradiated peripheral blood mononuclear cells, has decreased infarct size in acute and chronic experimental myocardial infarction (MI). We enhanced the effect of CDCs with APOSEC preconditioning (apoCDC) and investigated the reparative effect in a translational pig model of reperfused MI. Supernatants of CDCs, assessed by proteomic analysis, revealed reduced production of extracellular matrix proteins after in vitro APOSEC preconditioning. In a porcine model of catheter-based reperfused anterior acute MI (AMI), CDCs with (apoCDC, n = 8) or without APOSEC preconditioning (CDC, n = 6) were infused intracoronary, 15 min after the start of reperfusion. Untreated AMI animals (n = 7) and sham procedures (n = 5) functioned as controls. 2-deoxy-2-(18 F)-fluoro-D-glucose-positron emission tomography-magnetic resonance imaging ([18F]FDG-PET-MRI), with late enhancement after 1 month, showed reduced scar volume and lower transmurality of the infarcted area in CDC and apoCDC compared to AMI controls. Segmental quantitative PET images displayed indicated more residual viability in apoCDC. The left-ventricle (LV) ejection fraction was improved nonsignificantly to 45.8% ± 8.6% for apoCDC and 43.5% ± 7.1% for CDCs compared to 38.5% ± 4.4% for untreated AMI. Quantitative hybrid [18F]FDG-PET-MRI demonstrated improved metabolic and functional recovery after CDC administration, whereas apoCDCs induced preservation of viability of the infarcted area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Winkler
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominika Lukovic
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Katrin Zlabinger
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alfred Gugerell
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Noemi Pavo
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - András Jakab
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.,Center for MR-Research, University Children's Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 7e, 80cb Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Zsuzsanna Szankai
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Denise Traxler
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Müller
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Ena Hašimbegović
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - James Dawkins
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Eduardo Marbán
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mariann Gyöngyösi
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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14
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Secretome Conveys the Protective Effects of ASCs: Therapeutic Potential Following Hemorrhagic Shock? Shock 2019; 50:442-448. [PMID: 29112105 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We tested whether resuscitation supplemented with rat adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) or secretome (conditioned media) of ASCs can ameliorate inflammation, cell/organ injury, and/or improve outcome after hemorrhagic traumatic shock (HTS). INTERVENTIONS Rats were subjected to HTS and a resuscitation protocol that mimics prehospital restrictive reperfusion followed by an adequate reperfusion phase. Twenty minutes into the restrictive reperfusion, animals received an intravenous bolus of 2 × 10 cells (ASC group) or the secretome produced by 2 × 10 ASCs/24 h (ASC-Secretome group). Controls received the vehicle (Vehicle group). All rats were observed for 28-day survival. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS HTS-induced inflammation represented by IL-6 was inhibited in the ASC (80%, P < 0.001) and in ASC-Secretome (59%, P < 0.01) group at 48 h compared with Vehicle group. At 24 h, HTS-induced liver injury reflected in plasma alanine aminotransferase was ameliorated by 36% (P < 0.001) in both the ASC and ASC-Secretome groups when compared with the Vehicle. There was no effect on kidney function and/or general cell injury markers. HTS induced a moderate 28-day mortality (18%) that was prevented (P = 0.08) in the ASC but not in the ASC-Secretome group (12%). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the ASC-secretome supplemented resuscitation following HTS, in the absence of the stem cells, exerts anti-inflammatory and liver protective effects. Given its ease of preparation, storage, availability, and application (in contrast to the stem cells) we believe that the cell-free secretome has a better therapeutic potential in the early phase of an acute hemorrhagic shock scenario.
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15
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Haque N, Abdullah BJJ, Kasim NHA. Secretome: Pharmaceuticals for Cell-Free Regenerative Therapy. STEM CELL DRUGS - A NEW GENERATION OF BIOPHARMACEUTICALS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-99328-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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16
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Haque N, Kasim NHA, Kassim NLA, Rahman MT. Autologous serum supplement favours in vitro regenerative paracrine factors synthesis. Cell Prolif 2017; 50. [PMID: 28682474 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Foetal bovine serum (FBS) is often the serum supplement of choice for in vitro human cell culture. This study compares the effect of FBS and autologous human serum (AuHS) supplement in human peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) culture to prepare secretome. MATERIALS AND METHODS The PBMC (n = 7) were cultured either in RPMI-1640 containing L-glutamine and 50 units/ml Penicillin-Streptomycin (BM) or in BM with either AuHS or FBS. Viability, proliferation and differentiation of PBMC were evaluated. Paracrine factors present in the secretomes (n = 6) were analysed using ProcartaPlex Human Cytokine panel (17 plex). Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) was performed to predict activation or inhibition of biological functions related to tissue regeneration. RESULTS The viability of PBMC that were cultured with FBS supplement was significantly reduced at 96 h compared to those at 0 and 24 h (P < .05). While the reduction of the viability of PBMC that were cultured with AuHS supplement was not significantly different compared to those at 0 and 24 h. The FBS secretomes prepared at 24 h was found to contain significantly higher amount of EGF (P < .05) compared to that in AuHS or BM secretome. The AuHS secretomes contained significantly higher amount of HGF at 24 (P < .05) and 96 h (P < .01), and VEGF-A at 24 h (P < .05) compared to those in the FBS secretomes. SDF-1 was not detected in the FBS secretomes prepared at either 24 or 96 hours. Double immunocytochemical staining revealed a marked increase in co-localization of SDF-1 and its receptor in PBMC that were cultured with AuHS supplement compared to that cultured with FBS supplement. CONCLUSION In secretome preparation, AuHS supplement favours synthesis of paracrine factors that are needed for regenerative therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazmul Haque
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Regenerative Dentistry Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noor Hayaty Abu Kasim
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Regenerative Dentistry Research Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Noor Lide Abu Kassim
- Faculty of Education, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Beer L, Nemec L, Wagner T, Ristl R, Altenburger LM, Ankersmit HJ, Mildner M. Ionizing radiation regulates long non-coding RNAs in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2017; 58:201-209. [PMID: 27974506 PMCID: PMC5603904 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rrw111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are non-protein coding transcripts that modulate mRNA and microRNA (miRNA) expression, thereby controlling multiple cellular processes, including transcriptional regulation of gene expression, cell differentiation and apoptosis. Ionizing radiation (IR), a strong cellular stressor, is known to influence gene expression of irradiated cells, mainly by activation of oxidative processes. Whether and how IR also affects lncRNA expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) is still poorly understood. Exposure of PBMCs to IR dose-dependently activated p53 and its downstream target p21, ultimately leading to cell-cycle arrest and/or apoptosis. Cleavage of caspase-3, a specific process during apoptotic cell death, was detectable at doses as low as 30 Gy. Transcriptome analysis of 60 Gy-irradiated PBMCs revealed a strong time-dependent regulation of a variety of lncRNAs. Among many unknown lncRNAs we also identified a significant upregulation of Trp53cor1, MEG3 and TUG1, which have been shown to be involved in the regulation of cell cycle and apoptotic processes mediated by p53. In addition, we found 177 miRNAs regulated in the same samples, including several miRNAs that are known targets of upregulated lncRNAs. Our data show that IR dose-dependently regulates the expression of a wide spectrum of lncRNAs in PBMCs, suggesting a crucial role for lncRNAs in the complex regulatory machinery activated in response to IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucian Beer
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Austria
| | - Lucas Nemec
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- Molecular Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences FH Campus Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tanja Wagner
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Robin Ristl
- Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Section for Medical Statistics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas M. Altenburger
- Department of Dermatology, Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hendrik Jan Ankersmit
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Austria
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
- Head FFG Project 852748 ‘APOSEC’, FOLAB Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Mildner
- Department of Dermatology, Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Corresponding authors. Medical University of Vienna, Department of Dermatology, Research Division of Biology and Pathobiology of the Skin, Lazarettgasse 14, 1090, Vienna, Austria. Tel: +43-1-40400-73507; Fax: +43-1-40400-73590.
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Abstract
For almost two decades, cell-based therapies have been tested in modern regenerative medicine to either replace or regenerate human cells, tissues, or organs and restore normal function. Secreted paracrine factors are increasingly accepted to exert beneficial biological effects that promote tissue regeneration. These factors are called the cell secretome and include a variety of proteins, lipids, microRNAs, and extracellular vesicles, such as exosomes and microparticles. The stem cell secretome has most commonly been investigated in pre-clinical settings. However, a growing body of evidence indicates that other cell types, such as peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), are capable of releasing significant amounts of biologically active paracrine factors that exert beneficial regenerative effects. The apoptotic PBMC secretome has been successfully used pre-clinically for the treatment of acute myocardial infarction, chronic heart failure, spinal cord injury, stroke, and wound healing. In this review we describe the benefits of choosing PBMCs instead of stem cells in regenerative medicine and characterize the factors released from apoptotic PBMCs. We also discuss pre-clinical studies with apoptotic cell-based therapies and regulatory issues that have to be considered when conducting clinical trials using cell secretome-based products. This should allow the reader to envision PBMC secretome-based therapies as alternatives to all other forms of cell-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucian Beer
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Mildner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mariann Gyöngyösi
- Division of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hendrik Jan Ankersmit
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Head FFG Project 852748 "APOSEC", FOLAB Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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19
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Kasiri MM, Beer L, Nemec L, Gruber F, Pietkiewicz S, Haider T, Simader EM, Traxler D, Schweiger T, Janik S, Taghavi S, Gabriel C, Mildner M, Ankersmit HJ. Dying blood mononuclear cell secretome exerts antimicrobial activity. Eur J Clin Invest 2016; 46:853-63. [PMID: 27513763 PMCID: PMC5113772 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several activities are attributed to antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), including bacterial killing, leucocyte recruitment and angiogenesis. Despite promises of advanced cellular therapies for treatment of diabetic foot ulcer, it is currently accepted that paracrine factors rather than cellular components are causative for the observed effects. Whether AMPs are present in the mononuclear cell (MNC) secretome (MNC-sec) of white blood cells that are beneficial in experimental wound healing is not known. MATERIALS AND METHODS Antimicrobial activity of the secretomes of nonirradiated (MNC-sec) and γ-irradiated MNCs (MNC-sec rad) was analysed by microdilution assay. AMPs were determined by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Whether human MNC-sec rad causes AMP secretion in vivo was examined in an experimental rat model. Image flow cytometry was used to determine the type of cell death induced in MNCs after exposure to γ-radiation. RESULTS The antimicrobial activity assay revealed a bactericidal activity of MNC-sec rad and to a lesser degree also of MNC-sec. Image flow cytometry showed that γ-irradiation of MNCs induced early apoptosis followed mainly by necroptosis. RT-PCR and ELISA revealed a high abundance of different AMPs in the secretome of MNCs. In addition, human MNC-sec elicited an increase in de novo endogenous AMP production in rats in vivo. CONCLUSION We provide evidence that the secretome of MNCs has direct and indirect positive effects on the immune defence system, including augmentation of antibacterial properties. Our data further suggest that necroptosis could play a key role for the release of paracrine factors and the therapeutic action of MNC-sec rad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahdi Kasiri
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lucian Beer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lucas Nemec
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Gruber
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Biotechnology of Skin Aging, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabine Pietkiewicz
- Translational Inflammation Research, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Haider
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Maria Simader
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Denise Traxler
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Schweiger
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Janik
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Shahrokh Taghavi
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Michael Mildner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Hendrik Jan Ankersmit
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Vienna, Austria. .,Division of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria. .,Head FFG Project 852748 'APOSEC', Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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20
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Analysis of the Secretome of Apoptotic Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells: Impact of Released Proteins and Exosomes for Tissue Regeneration. Sci Rep 2015; 5:16662. [PMID: 26567861 PMCID: PMC4645175 DOI: 10.1038/srep16662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that, when peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were stressed with ionizing radiation, they released paracrine factors that showed regenerative capacity in vitro and in vivo. This study aimed to characterize the secretome of PBMCs and to investigate its biologically active components in vitro and vivo. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that irradiated PBMCs differentially expressed genes that encoded secreted proteins. These genes were primarily involved in (a) pro-angiogenic and regenerative pathways and (b) the generation of oxidized phospholipids with known pro-angiogenic and inflammation-modulating properties. Subsequently, in vitro assays showed that the exosome and protein fractions of irradiated and non-irradiated PBMC secretome were the major biological components that enhanced cell mobility; conversely, secreted lipids and microparticles had no effects. We tested a viral-cleared PBMC secretome, prepared according to good manufacturing practice (GMP), in a porcine model of closed chest, acute myocardial infarction. We found that the potency for preventing ventricular remodeling was similar with the GMP-compliant and experimentally-prepared PBMC secretomes. Our results indicate that irradiation modulates the release of proteins, lipid-mediators and extracellular vesicles from human PBMCs. In addition our findings implicate the use of secretome fractions as valuable material for the development of cell-free therapies in regenerative medicine.
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21
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Haider T, Höftberger R, Rüger B, Mildner M, Blumer R, Mitterbauer A, Buchacher T, Sherif C, Altmann P, Redl H, Gabriel C, Gyöngyösi M, Fischer MB, Lubec G, Ankersmit HJ. The secretome of apoptotic human peripheral blood mononuclear cells attenuates secondary damage following spinal cord injury in rats. Exp Neurol 2015; 267:230-42. [PMID: 25797576 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
After spinal cord injury (SCI), secondary damage caused by oxidative stress, inflammation, and ischemia leads to neurological deterioration. In recent years, therapeutic approaches to trauma have focused on modulating this secondary cascade. There is increasing evidence that the success of cell-based SCI therapy is due mainly to secreted factors rather than to cell implantation per se. This study investigated peripheral blood mononuclear cells as a source of factors for secretome- (MNC-secretome-) based therapy. Specifically, we investigated whether MNC-secretome had therapeutic effects in a rat SCI contusion model and its possible underlying mechanisms. Rats treated with MNC-secretome showed substantially improved functional recovery, attenuated cavity formation, and reduced acute axonal injury compared to control animals. Histological evaluation revealed higher vascular density in the spinal cords of treated animals. Immunohistochemistry showed that MNC-secretome treatment increased the recruitment of CD68(+) cells with concomitant reduction of oxidative stress as reflected by lower expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase. Notably, MNC-secretome showed angiogenic properties ex vivo in aortic rings and spinal cord tissue, and experiments showed that the angiogenic potential of MNC-secretome may be regulated by CXCL-1 upregulation in vivo. Moreover, systemic application of MNC-secretome activated the ERK1/2 pathway in the spinal cord. Taken together, these results indicate that factors in MNC-secretome can mitigate the pathophysiological processes of secondary damage after SCI and improve functional outcomes in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Haider
- University Clinic for Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Romana Höftberger
- Institute of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Beate Rüger
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Mildner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Roland Blumer
- Center of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Mitterbauer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tanja Buchacher
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Camillo Sherif
- Department of Neurosurgery, Krankenanstalt Rudolfstiftung, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Altmann
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Heinz Redl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Gabriel
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria; Red Cross Blood Transfusion Service of Upper Austria, Linz, Austria
| | - Mariann Gyöngyösi
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael B Fischer
- Department of Blood Group Serology and Transfusion Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Center for Biomedical Technology, Danube University Krems, Krems, Austria
| | - Gert Lubec
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hendrik Jan Ankersmit
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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22
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Coban FK, Ince S, Kucukkurt I, Demirel HH, Hazman O. Boron attenuates malathion-induced oxidative stress and acetylcholinesterase inhibition in rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2014; 38:391-9. [DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2014.974109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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23
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High dose ionizing radiation regulates micro RNA and gene expression changes in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. BMC Genomics 2014; 15:814. [PMID: 25257395 PMCID: PMC4182888 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-15-814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background High dose ionizing radiation (IR) induces potent toxic cell effects mediated by either direct DNA damage or the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). IR-induced modulations in multiple biological processes have been proposed to be partly regulated by radiosensitive microRNA (miRNA). In order to gain new insights into the role of miRNAs in the regulation of biological processes after IR, we have investigated changes in mRNA and miRNA expression after high dose IR. Results IR induced changes in the mRNA and miRNA profiles of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). When comparing non-irradiated and irradiated samples, we detected a time-dependent increase in differentially expressed mRNAs and miRNAs, with the highest differences detectable 20 hours after exposure. Gene ontology analysis revealed that very early events (up to 4 hours) after irradiation were specifically associated with p53 signaling and apoptotic pathways, whereas a large number of diverse cellular processes were deregulated after 20 hours. Transcription factor analysis of all up-regulated genes confirmed the importance of p53 in the early post-irradiation phase. When analyzing miRNA expression, we found 177 miRNAs that were significantly regulated in the late post-irradiation phase. Integrating miRNA and target gene expression data, we found a significant negative correlation between miRNA-mRNA and identified hepatic leukemia factor (HLF) as a transcription factor down-regulated in the response to IR. These regulated miRNAs and the HLF target genes were involved in modulating radio-responsive pathways, such as apoptosis, the MAKP signaling pathway, endocytosis, and cytokine-cytokine interactions. Conclusion Using a large dataset of mRNA and miRNA expression profiles, we describe the interplay of mRNAs and miRNAs in the regulation of gene expression in response to IR at a posttranscriptional level and their involvement in the modulation of radiation-induced biological pathways. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-814) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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TXNIP mediates NLRP3 inflammasome activation in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells as a novel mechanism in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Basic Res Cardiol 2014; 109:415. [PMID: 25015733 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-014-0415-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
NLRP3 inflammasome is necessary for initiating acute sterile inflammation. Recent studies have demonstrated that NLRP3 inflammasome is up-regulated and mediates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury. However, the signaling pathways that lead to the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome by MI/R injury have not been fully elucidated. C57BL/6J mice were subjected to 30 min ischemia and 3 or 24 h reperfusion. The ischemic heart exhibited enhanced inflammasome activation as evidenced by increased NLRP3 expression and caspase-1 activity and increased IL-1β and IL-18 production. Intramyocardial NLRP3 siRNA injection or an intraperitoneal injection of BAY 11-7028, an inflammasome inhibitor, attenuated macrophage and neutrophil infiltration and decreased MI/R injury, as measured by cardiomyocyte apoptosis and infarct size. The ischemic heart also exhibited enhanced interaction between Txnip and NLRP3, which has been shown to be a mechanism for activating NLRP3. Intramyocardial Txnip siRNA injection also decreased infarct size and NLRP3 activation. In vitro experiments revealed that NLRP3 was expressed in cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs), but was hardly expressed in cardiomyocytes. Simulated ischemia/reperfusion (SI/R) stimulated NLRP3 inflammasome activation in CMECs, but not in cardiomyocytes. Moreover, CMECs subjected to SI/R injury increased interactions between Txnip and NLRP3. Txnip siRNA diminished NLRP3 inflammasome activation and SI/R-induced injury, as measured by LDH release and caspase-3 activity in CMECs. ROS scavenger dissociated TXNIP from NLRP3 and inhibited the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome in the CMECs. For the first time, we demonstrated that TXNIP-mediated NLRP3 inflammasome activation in CMECs was a novel mechanism of MI/R injury. Interventions that block Txnip/NLRP3 signaling to inhibit the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes may be novel therapies for mitigating MI/R injury.
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25
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Altmann P, Mildner M, Haider T, Traxler D, Beer L, Ristl R, Golabi B, Gabriel C, Leutmezer F, Ankersmit HJ. Secretomes of apoptotic mononuclear cells ameliorate neurological damage in rats with focal ischemia. F1000Res 2014; 3:131. [PMID: 25383184 PMCID: PMC4215751 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.4219.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The pursuit of targeting multiple pathways in the ischemic cascade of cerebral stroke is a promising treatment option. We examined the regenerative potential of conditioned medium derived from rat and human apoptotic mononuclear cells (MNC), rMNC
apo sec and hMNC
apo sec, in experimental stroke. We performed middle cerebral artery occlusion on Wistar rats and administered apoptotic MNC-secretomes intraperitoneally in two experimental settings. Ischemic lesion volumes were determined 48 hours after cerebral ischemia. Neurological evaluations were performed after 6, 24 and 48 hours. Immunoblots were conducted to analyze neuroprotective signal-transduction in human primary glia cells and neurons. Neuronal sprouting assays were performed and neurotrophic factors in both hMNC
apo sec and rat plasma were quantified using ELISA. Administration of rat as well as human apoptotic MNC-secretomes significantly reduced ischemic lesion volumes by 36% and 37%, respectively. Neurological examinations revealed improvement after stroke in both treatment groups. Co-incubation of human astrocytes, Schwann cells and neurons with hMNC
apo sec resulted in activation of several signaling cascades associated with the regulation of cytoprotective gene products and enhanced neuronal sprouting
in vitro. Analysis of neurotrophic factors in hMNC
apo sec and rat plasma revealed high levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Our data indicate that apoptotic MNC-secretomes elicit neuroprotective effects on rats that have undergone ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Altmann
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria ; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Michael Mildner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Thomas Haider
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria ; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Denise Traxler
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria ; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Lucian Beer
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Robin Ristl
- Section for Medical Statistics, Center for Medical Statistics, Informatics, and Intelligent Systems, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Bahar Golabi
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Christian Gabriel
- Red Cross Transfusion Service for Upper Austria, Linz, 4017, Austria
| | - Fritz Leutmezer
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - Hendrik Jan Ankersmit
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, 1090, Austria ; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Vienna, 1090, Austria
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Cervio M, Scudeller L, Viarengo G, Monti M, Del Fante C, Arici V, Perotti C. γ-Irradiated cord blood MNCs: different paracrine effects on mature and progenitor endothelial cells. Microvasc Res 2014; 94:9-16. [PMID: 24788073 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2014.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based therapies have been employed to promote neovascularization mainly through the release of paracrine factors inhibiting apoptosis and supporting migration and proliferation of resident differentiated cells. We tested in vitro pro-angiogenic effects of apoptotic cord blood-derived mononuclear cells (CB-MNCs) and their conditioned medium (CM) on mature endothelial cells (HUVECs) and peripheral blood-derived endothelial progenitor cells (ECFCs). CB-MNCs were γ-irradiated to induce apoptosis and cultured for 72 h to obtain the release of CM. MNCs viability, evaluated by flow cytometry, decreased progressively after γ-irradiation reaching 41% at 72 h. γ-Irradiated MNCs (γMNCs) released increasing amounts of EGF, PDGF-AB and VEGF in their CM over time, as assessed by ELISA. γ-MNCs and their CM enhanced capillary-like network formation (in a dose-dependent and time-persistent manner), proliferation and migration of HUVECs in vitro, while they primed capillary-like network formation (dose-independent and not time-persistent) and induced migration but did not support proliferation of ECFCs. Our data support the hypothesis of paracrine mechanism as prevalent in regenerative medicine and demonstrate the efficacy of MNCs secretome in inducing neovascularization. To our knowledge, this is the first paper highlighting differential pro-angiogenic effects of CM on mature and progenitor endothelial cells, adding a tile in the understanding of mechanisms involved in neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marila Cervio
- Immunohematology and Transfusion Service, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Luigia Scudeller
- Service of Biometry and Statistics, Scientific Direction, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Gianluca Viarengo
- Immunohematology and Transfusion Service, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Manuela Monti
- Research Center for Regenerative Medicine, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Claudia Del Fante
- Immunohematology and Transfusion Service, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Vittorio Arici
- Vascular Surgery Unit, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cesare Perotti
- Immunohematology and Transfusion Service, IRCCS Policlinico S. Matteo Foundation, Pavia, Italy
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Hofmann U, Frantz S. How can we cure a heart "in flame"? A translational view on inflammation in heart failure. Basic Res Cardiol 2013; 108:356. [PMID: 23740214 PMCID: PMC3709073 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-013-0356-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of chronic heart failure is still increasing making it a major health issue in the 21st century. Tremendous evidence has emerged over the past decades that heart failure is associated with a wide array of mechanisms subsumed under the term “inflammation”. Based on the great success of immuno-suppressive treatments in auto-immunity and transplantation, clinical trials were launched targeting inflammatory mediators in patients with chronic heart failure. However, they widely lacked positive outcomes. The failure of the initial study program directed against tumor necrosis factor-α led to the search for alternative therapeutic targets involving a broader spectrum of mechanisms besides cytokines. We here provide an overview of the current knowledge on immune activation in chronic heart failure of different etiologies, summarize clinical studies in the field, address unresolved key questions, and highlight some promising novel therapeutic targets for clinical trials from a translational basic science and clinical perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Hofmann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Oberdürrbacher Straße 6, 97080, Würzburg, Germany.
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28
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Hoetzenecker K, Zimmermann M, Hoetzenecker W, Schweiger T, Kollmann D, Mildner M, Hegedus B, Mitterbauer A, Hacker S, Birner P, Gabriel C, Gyöngyösi M, Blyszczuk P, Eriksson U, Ankersmit HJ. Mononuclear cell secretome protects from experimental autoimmune myocarditis. Eur Heart J 2013; 36:676-85. [PMID: 23321350 PMCID: PMC4359357 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehs459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Supernatants of serum-free cultured mononuclear cells (MNC) contain a mix of immunomodulating factors (secretome), which have been shown to attenuate detrimental inflammatory responses following myocardial ischaemia. Inflammatory dilated cardiomyopathy (iDCM) is a common cause of heart failure in young patients. Experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) is a CD4+ T cell-dependent model, which mirrors important pathogenic aspects of iDCM. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of MNC secretome on myocardial inflammation in the EAM model. METHODS AND RESULTS BALB/c mice were immunized twice with an alpha myosin heavy chain peptide together with Complete Freund adjuvant. Supernatants from mouse mononuclear cells were collected, dialysed, and injected i.p. at Day 0, Day 7, or Day 14, respectively. Myocarditis severity, T cell responses, and autoantibody formation were assessed at Day 21. The impact of MNC secretome on CD4+ T cell function and viability was evaluated using in vitro proliferation and cell viability assays. A single high-dose application of MNC secretome, injected at Day 14 after the first immunization, effectively attenuated myocardial inflammation. Mechanistically, MNC secretome induced caspase-8-dependent apoptosis in autoreactive CD4+ T cells. CONCLUSION MNC secretome abrogated myocardial inflammation in a CD4+ T cell-dependent animal model of autoimmune myocarditis. This anti-inflammatory effect of MNC secretome suggests a novel and simple potential treatment concept for inflammatory heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konrad Hoetzenecker
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Matthias Zimmermann
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfram Hoetzenecker
- Harvard Skin Disease Research Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Schweiger
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Dagmar Kollmann
- Institute of Pathophysiology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Mildner
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Balazs Hegedus
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Mitterbauer
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Hacker
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Birner
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Mariann Gyöngyösi
- Department of Cardiology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Przemyslaw Blyszczuk
- Division of Cardioimmunology, Cardiovascular Research and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Department of Medicine, GZO, Zurich Regional Health Center, Wetzikon, Switzerland
| | - Urs Eriksson
- Division of Cardioimmunology, Cardiovascular Research and Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, Institute of Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Department of Medicine, GZO, Zurich Regional Health Center, Wetzikon, Switzerland
| | - Hendrik Jan Ankersmit
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria Christian Doppler Laboratory for Cardiac and Thoracic Diagnosis and Regeneration, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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