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Parra-Lucares A, Villa E, Romero-Hernández E, Méndez-Valdés G, Retamal C, Vizcarra G, Henríquez I, Maldonado-Morales EAJ, Grant-Palza JH, Ruíz-Tagle S, Estrada-Bobadilla V, Toro L. Tic-Tac: A Translational Approach in Mechanisms Associated with Irregular Heartbeat and Sinus Rhythm Restoration in Atrial Fibrillation Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12859. [PMID: 37629037 PMCID: PMC10454641 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a prevalent cardiac condition predominantly affecting older adults, characterized by irregular heartbeat rhythm. The condition often leads to significant disability and increased mortality rates. Traditionally, two therapeutic strategies have been employed for its treatment: heart rate control and rhythm control. Recent clinical studies have emphasized the critical role of early restoration of sinus rhythm in improving patient outcomes. The persistence of the irregular rhythm allows for the progression and structural remodeling of the atria, eventually leading to irreversible stages, as observed clinically when AF becomes permanent. Cardioversion to sinus rhythm alters this progression pattern through mechanisms that are still being studied. In this review, we provide an in-depth analysis of the pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for maintaining AF and how they are modified during sinus rhythm restoration using existing therapeutic strategies at different stages of clinical investigation. Moreover, we explore potential future therapeutic approaches, including the promising prospect of gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Parra-Lucares
- Critical Care Unit, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380420, Chile
- Cardiovascular Department, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380420, Chile
| | - Eduardo Villa
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380420, Chile
| | | | - Gabriel Méndez-Valdés
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380420, Chile
| | - Catalina Retamal
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380420, Chile
| | - Geovana Vizcarra
- Division of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380420, Chile
| | - Ignacio Henríquez
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380420, Chile
| | | | - Juan H. Grant-Palza
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380420, Chile
| | - Sofía Ruíz-Tagle
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380420, Chile
| | | | - Luis Toro
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380420, Chile
- Centro de Investigación Clínica Avanzada, Hospital Clínico, Universidad de Chile, Santiago 8380420, Chile
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2
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Liu X, Wu M, He Y, Gui C, Wen W, Jiang Z, Zhong G. Construction and integrated analysis of the ceRNA network hsa_circ_0000672/miR-516a-5p/TRAF6 and its potential function in atrial fibrillation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7701. [PMID: 37169841 PMCID: PMC10175563 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34851-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrosis is a crucial contributor to initiation and perpetuation of atrial fibrillation (AF). This study aimed to identify a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network related to atrial fibrosis in AF, especially to validate hsa_circ_0000672/hsa_miR-516a-5p/TRAF6 ceRNA axis in AF preliminarily. The circRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network associated with AF fibrosis was constructed using bioinformatic tools and literature reviews. Left atrium (LA) low voltage was used to represent LA fibrosis by using LA voltage matrix mapping. Ten controls with sinus rhythm (SR), and 20 patients with persistent AF including 12 patients with LA low voltage and 8 patients with LA normal voltage were enrolled in this study. The ceRNA regulatory network associated with atrial fibrosis was successfully constructed, which included up-regulated hsa_circ_0000672 and hsa_circ_0003916, down-regulated miR-516a-5p and five up-regulated hub genes (KRAS, SMAD2, TRAF6, MAPK11 and SMURF1). In addition, according to the results of Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, these hub genes were clustered in TGF-beta and MAPK signaling pathway. In the patients with persistent AF, hsa_circ_0000672 expression in peripheral blood monocytes was significantly higher than those in controls with SR by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (p-value < 0.001). Furthermore, hsa_circ_0000672 expression was higher in peripheral blood monocytes of persistent AF patients with LA low voltage than those with LA normal voltage (p-value = 0.002). The dual-luciferase activity assay confirmed that hsa_circ_0000672 exerted biological functions as a sponge of miR-516a-5p to regulate expression of its target gene TRAF6. Hsa_circ_0000672 expression in peripheral blood monocytes may be associated with atrial fibrosis. The hsa_circ_0000672 may be involved in atrial fibrosis by indirectly regulating TRAF6 as a ceRNA by sponging miR-516a-5p.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, China
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Mingxing Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Xiangtan Central Hospital, Xiangtan, China
| | - Yan He
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Chun Gui
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Weiming Wen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhiyuan Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
| | - Guoqiang Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China.
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3
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Sha R, Rong B, Zhang K, Chen T, Wang J, Han W, Liu H, Liu A, Lin M, Zhong J. The role of alcohol consumption on echocardiographic and electrophysiologic changes in atrial fibrillation. Echocardiography 2022; 39:794-802. [DOI: 10.1111/echo.15366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rina Sha
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research Chinese Ministry of Education Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Cardiology Qilu Hospital Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University Jinan China
| | - Bing Rong
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research Chinese Ministry of Education Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Cardiology Qilu Hospital Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University Jinan China
| | - Kai Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research Chinese Ministry of Education Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Cardiology Qilu Hospital Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University Jinan China
| | - Tongshuai Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research Chinese Ministry of Education Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Cardiology Qilu Hospital Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University Jinan China
| | - Juntao Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research Chinese Ministry of Education Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Cardiology Qilu Hospital Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University Jinan China
- Department of Cardiology Qilu Hospital (Qingdao) Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University Qingdao China
| | - Wenqiang Han
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research Chinese Ministry of Education Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Cardiology Qilu Hospital Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University Jinan China
| | - Huiyu Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research Chinese Ministry of Education Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Cardiology Qilu Hospital Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University Jinan China
| | - Aihua Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research Chinese Ministry of Education Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Cardiology Qilu Hospital Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University Jinan China
| | - Mingjie Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research Chinese Ministry of Education Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Cardiology Qilu Hospital Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University Jinan China
- Peking University First Hospital Beijing China
| | - Jingquan Zhong
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research Chinese Ministry of Education Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine Department of Cardiology Qilu Hospital Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University Jinan China
- Department of Cardiology Qilu Hospital (Qingdao) Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University Qingdao China
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4
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Wang Y, Yao Y, Ma Y, He S, Yang M, Cao Z, Liudi S, Fu Y, Chen H, Wang X, Huang C, Zhao Q. Blockade of SK4 channels suppresses atrial fibrillation by attenuating atrial fibrosis in canines with prolonged atrial pacing. Int J Med Sci 2022; 19:1995-2007. [PMID: 36483596 PMCID: PMC9724246 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.69626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We previously found that intermediate conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel (SK4) might be an important target in atrial fibrillation (AF). Objective: To investigate the role of SK4 in AF maintenance. Methods: Twenty beagles were randomly assigned to the sham group (n=6), pacing group (n=7), and pacing+TRAM-34 group (n=7). Rapid atrial pacing continued for 7 days in the pacing and TRAM-34 groups. During the pacing, the TRAM-34 group received TRAM-34 intravenous injection (10 mg/Kg) 3 times per day. Atrial fibroblasts isolated from canines were treated with angiotensin II or adenovirus carrying the SK4 gene (Ad-SK4) to overexpress SK4 channels. Results: TRAM-34 treatment significantly suppressed the increased intra-atrial conducting time (CT) and AF duration in canines after rapid atrial pacing (P<0.05). Compared with the sham group, the expression of SK4 in atria was higher in the pacing group, which was associated with an increased number of myofibroblasts and levels of extracellular matrix in atrium (all P<0.05), and this effect was reversed by TRAM-34 treatment (all P<0.05). In atrial fibroblasts, the increased expression of SK4 induced by angiotensin II stimulation or Ad-SK4 transfection contributed to higher levels of P38, ERK1/2 and their downstream factors c-Jun and c-Fos, leading to the increased expression of α-SMA (all P<0.05), and all these increases were markedly reduced by TRAM-34 treatment. Conclusion: SK4 blockade suppressed AF by attenuating cardiac fibroblast activity and atrial fibrosis, which was realized through not only a decrease in fibrogenic factors but also inhibition of fibrotic signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youcheng Wang
- Xiaogan Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Xiaogan, China.,Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan City, Wuchang, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yajun Yao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan City, Wuchang, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yazhe Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan City, Wuchang, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shanqing He
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan City, Wuchang, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan City, Wuchang, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan City, Wuchang, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Shiwen Liudi
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan City, Wuchang, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuntao Fu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan City, Wuchang, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiyu Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan City, Wuchang, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xi Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan City, Wuchang, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Congxin Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan City, Wuchang, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
| | - Qingyan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University Wuhan City, Wuchang, Wuhan, China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
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5
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Hu HJ, Wang XH, Liu Y, Zhang TQ, Chen ZR, Zhang C, Tang ZH, Qu SL, Tang HF, Jiang ZS. Hydrogen Sulfide Ameliorates Angiotensin II-Induced Atrial Fibrosis Progression to Atrial Fibrillation Through Inhibition of the Warburg Effect and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:690371. [PMID: 34950023 PMCID: PMC8689064 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.690371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrosis is the basis for the occurrence and development of atrial fibrillation (AF) and is closely related to the Warburg effect, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and mitochondrion dysfunctions-induced cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gaseous signalling molecule with cardioprotective, anti-myocardial fibrosis and improved energy metabolism effects. Nevertheless, the specific mechanism by which H2S improves the progression of atrial fibrosis to AF remains unclear. A case-control study of patients with and without AF was designed to assess changes in H2S, the Warburg effect, and ERS in AF. The results showed that AF can significantly reduce cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) and 3-mercaptopyruvate thiotransferase (3-MST) expression and the H2S level, induce cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) expression; increase the Warburg effect, ERS and atrial fibrosis; and promote left atrial dysfunction. In addition, AngII-treated SD rats had an increased Warburg effect and ERS levels and enhanced atrial fibrosis progression to AF compared to wild-type SD rats, and these conditions were reversed by sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), dichloroacetic acid (DCA) or 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) supplementation. Finally, low CSE levels in AngII-induced HL-1 cells were concentration- and time-dependent and associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, the Warburg effect and ERS, and these effects were reversed by NaHS, DCA or 4-PBA supplementation. Our research indicates that H2S can regulate the AngII-induced Warburg effect and ERS and might be a potential therapeutic drug to inhibit atrial fibrosis progression to AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Jing Hu
- Department of Cardiology Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Postdoctoral Research Station of Basic Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Xiu-Heng Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine Lab, First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Yao Liu
- Department of Cardiology Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Tian-Qing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zheng-Rong Chen
- Department of Cardiology Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zhi-Han Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Shun-Lin Qu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Hui-Fang Tang
- Department of Cardiology Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zhi-Sheng Jiang
- Department of Cardiology Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Postdoctoral Research Station of Basic Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, China.,Institute of Cardiovascular Disease and Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, University of South China, Hengyang, China
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6
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Lu L, Cao L, Liu Y, Chen Y, Fan J, Yin Y. Angiotensin (ang) 1-7 inhibits ang II-induced atrial fibrosis through regulating the interaction of proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src (c-Src) and Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-1 (SHP-1)). Bioengineered 2021; 12:10823-10836. [PMID: 34872449 PMCID: PMC8809921 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1967035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To verify whether Ang-(1-7) produces an antagonistic effect on Ang II-mediated atrial remodeling. Ang II–induced HL-1 cell model and a rat model of Ang II–induced atrial remodeling were constructed and intervened with Ang II Ang-(1-7), AngII +Ang-(1-7), Ang II+ c-Src specific inhibitor (SU6656), and Ang II + Ang-(1-7) + SSG (SHP-1/2 specific inhibitor, stibogluconate), respectively. The systolic blood pressure of the rat caudal artery was detected. And trial fibrosis was detected by Picrosirius red staining and Masson’s trichrome staining. Expressions of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP1), Matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2), connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), galectin-3, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and collagen I/III were subjected to qPCR and western blot. Furthermore, SHP-1 binding to c-Src was verified by co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP). Results showed that the expressions of TGF-β, TIMP1, MMP-2, CTGF, α-SMA, galectin-3, and collagen I were increased markedly in the Ang II intervention group, and the expressions of p-ERK1/2, p-Akt, and p-p38MAPK were also increased dramatically. Ang-(1-7) or SU6656 addition could inhibit the action of Ang II factor, thereby minimizing the expressions of the previously described genes and proteins. Simultaneously, SSG supplement reversed the antagonistic effect of Ang-(1-7) on Ang II, and the latter elevated the blood pressure and induced atrial fibrosis in rats. Ang-(1-7) could reverse the changes related to Ang II–induced atrial fibrosis in rats. In conclusion, Ang-(1-7) antagonized Ang II–induced atrial remodeling by regulating SHP-1 and c-Src, thereby affecting the MAPKs/Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Cao
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yihao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunlin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinqi Fan
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuehui Yin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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7
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Zheng H, Zhang Y, He J, Yang Z, Zhang R, Li L, Luo Z, Ye Y, Sun Q. Hydroxychloroquine Inhibits Macrophage Activation and Attenuates Renal Fibrosis After Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. Front Immunol 2021; 12:645100. [PMID: 33936063 PMCID: PMC8079743 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.645100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD), which is associated with high morbidity, remains a worldwide health concern, while effective therapies remain limited. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), which mainly targets toll-like receptor-7 (TLR-7) and TLR-9, is associated with a lower risk of incident CKD. Taking into account that TLR-9 is involved in the development of renal fibrosis and serves as a potential therapy target for CKD, we investigated whether HCQ could attenuate CKD via TLR-9 signal pathway. The effects of HCQ on renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis were further explored using a mouse model of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis after ischemia/reperfusion injury. Bone marrow-derived macrophages were isolated to explore the effects of HCQ in vitro. Judicious use of HCQ efficiently inhibited the activation of macrophages and MAPK signaling pathways, thereby attenuating renal fibrosis in vivo. In an in vitro model, results showed that HCQ promoted apoptosis of macrophages and inhibited activation of macrophages, especially M2 macrophages, in a dose-dependent manner. Because TLR-7 is not involved in the development of CKD post-injury, a TLR-9 knockout mouse was used to explore the mechanisms of HCQ. The effects of HCQ on renal fibrosis and macrophages decreased after depletion of TLR-9 in vivo and in vitro. Taken together, this study indicated that proper use of HCQ could be a new strategy for anti-fibrotic therapy and that TLR-9 could be a potential therapeutic target for CKD following acute kidney injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haofeng Zheng
- Organ Transplantation Research Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yannan Zhang
- Organ Transplantation Research Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiannan He
- Organ Transplantation Research Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Yang
- Organ Transplantation Research Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Organ Transplantation Research Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Li
- Organ Transplantation Research Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zihuan Luo
- Organ Transplantation Research Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongrong Ye
- Organ Transplantation Research Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiquan Sun
- Organ Transplantation Research Institute of Sun Yat-sen University, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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8
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ACE2 as therapeutic agent. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 134:2581-2595. [PMID: 33063820 DOI: 10.1042/cs20200570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) has emerged as a critical regulator of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), which plays important roles in cardiovascular homeostasis by regulating vascular tone, fluid and electrolyte balance. ACE2 functions as a carboxymonopeptidase hydrolyzing the cleavage of a single C-terminal residue from Angiotensin-II (Ang-II), the key peptide hormone of RAS, to form Angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)), which binds to the G-protein-coupled Mas receptor and activates signaling pathways that counteract the pathways activated by Ang-II. ACE2 is expressed in a variety of tissues and overwhelming evidence substantiates the beneficial effects of enhancing ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis under many pathological conditions in these tissues in experimental models. This review will provide a succinct overview on current strategies to enhance ACE2 as therapeutic agent, and discuss limitations and future challenges. ACE2 also has other functions, such as acting as a co-factor for amino acid transport and being exploited by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses (SARS-CoVs) as cellular entry receptor, the implications of these functions in development of ACE2-based therapeutics will also be discussed.
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9
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Liu C, Pei J, Lai Y, Guan T, Zeyaweiding A, Maimaiti T, Zhao H, Shen Y. Association of ACE2 variant rs4646188 with the risks of atrial fibrillation and cardioembolic stroke in Uygur patients with type 2 diabetes. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:103. [PMID: 33602129 PMCID: PMC7890811 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-01915-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is an independent risk factor for AF. The cardioembolic stroke (CS) risk is increased when both conditions coexist. Whether angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) genetic variants predict increased risks AF and CS in Uygur patients with T2D remain elusive. Methods A total of 547 Uygur subjects (272 controls and 275 T2D patients) were recruited to the study from south Xinjiang. Eight ACE2 variants were identified by MassARRAY system. Results ACE2 rs2074192 (CC, adjusted RR = 2.55, 95% CI 1.35–4.80, P = 0.004), rs4240157 (CC + CT, adjusted RR = 2.26, 95% CI 1.27–4.04, P = 0.006) and rs4646188 (TT, adjusted RR = 2.37, 95% CI 1.16–4.86, P = 0.018) were associated with higher AF risk. ACE2 rs4240157 (CC + CT, adjusted RR = 2.68, 95% CI 1.36–5.27, P = 0.004) and rs4646188 (TT, adjusted RR = 2.56, 95% CI 1.06–6.20, P = 0.037) were further associated with higher CS risk. The 3 ACE2 variants were related to larger left atrial end-systolic diameter (LAD) (all P < 0.05), but not all of the 3 ACE2 variants were related to increased levels of serum sodium (rs4240157 and rs4646188, all P < 0.05), HsCRP (rs4240157 and rs4646188, all P < 0.05) as well as decreased serum potassium levels (rs2074192 and rs4646188, all P < 0.05). The 3 ACE2 variants exhibited heterogeneity on circulating RAAS activation. In particular, ACE2 rs4646188 was associated with higher levels of ACE (P = 0.017 and 0.037), Ang I (P = 0.002 and 0.001), Ang II (both P < 0.001) and ALD (P = 0.005 and 0.011). Conclusion These results indicated ACE2 rs4646188 was associated with increased risk of AF and CS among diabetic patients in Uygurs, which could be a promising genetic predisposition marker for early and personalized prevention strategies for the aforementioned clinical pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, 1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou, 510180, China. .,Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China. .,Department of Cardiology, Shufu People's Hospital, Kashgar Region, 844100, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR), China.
| | - Jingxian Pei
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510260, China
| | - Yanxian Lai
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, 1 Panfu Road, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Tianwang Guan
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Abudurexiti Zeyaweiding
- Department of Cardiology, Shufu People's Hospital, Kashgar Region, 844100, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR), China
| | - Tutiguli Maimaiti
- Department of Cardiology, Shufu People's Hospital, Kashgar Region, 844100, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR), China
| | - Haiyan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, Shufu People's Hospital, Kashgar Region, 844100, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (XUAR), China
| | - Yan Shen
- Department of Cardiology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China
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10
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Zhu H, Zhang L, Ma Y, Zhai M, Xia L, Liu J, Yu S, Duan W. The role of SARS-CoV-2 target ACE2 in cardiovascular diseases. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:1342-1349. [PMID: 33443816 PMCID: PMC7875924 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for the global coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, attacks multiple organs of the human body by binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to enter cells. More than 20 million people have already been infected by the virus. ACE2 is not only a functional receptor of COVID-19 but also an important endogenous antagonist of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). A large number of studies have shown that ACE2 can reverse myocardial injury in various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) as well as is exert anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and anticardiomyocyte fibrosis effects by regulating transforming growth factor beta, mitogen-activated protein kinases, calcium ions in cells and other major pathways. The ACE2/angiotensin-(1-7)/Mas receptor axis plays a decisive role in the cardiovascular system to combat the negative effects of the ACE/angiotensin II/angiotensin II type 1 receptor axis. However, the underlying mechanism of ACE2 in cardiac protection remains unclear. Some approaches for enhancing ACE2 expression in CVDs have been suggested, which may provide targets for the development of novel clinical therapies. In this review, we aimed to identify and summarize the role of ACE2 in CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanzhao Zhu
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryThe First Affiliated HospitalThe Air Force Medical UniversityXi’anChina
| | - Liyun Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryThe First Affiliated HospitalThe Air Force Medical UniversityXi’anChina
| | - Yubo Ma
- Department of Dermatology and VenereologyPeking University First HospitaBeijingChina
| | - Mengen Zhai
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryThe First Affiliated HospitalThe Air Force Medical UniversityXi’anChina
| | - Lin Xia
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryThe First Affiliated HospitalThe Air Force Medical UniversityXi’anChina
| | - Jincheng Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryThe First Affiliated HospitalThe Air Force Medical UniversityXi’anChina
| | - Shiqiang Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryThe First Affiliated HospitalThe Air Force Medical UniversityXi’anChina
| | - Weixun Duan
- Department of Cardiovascular SurgeryThe First Affiliated HospitalThe Air Force Medical UniversityXi’anChina
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11
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Liu Y, Bai F, Tang Z, Liu N, Liu Q. Integrative transcriptomic, proteomic, and machine learning approach to identifying feature genes of atrial fibrillation using atrial samples from patients with valvular heart disease. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:52. [PMID: 33509101 PMCID: PMC7842070 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-020-01819-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia with poorly understood mechanisms. We aimed to investigate the biological mechanism of AF and to discover feature genes by analyzing multi-omics data and by applying a machine learning approach. Methods At the transcriptomic level, four microarray datasets (GSE41177, GSE79768, GSE115574, GSE14975) were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus database, which included 130 available atrial samples from AF and sinus rhythm (SR) patients with valvular heart disease. Microarray meta-analysis was adopted to identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs). At the proteomic level, a qualitative and quantitative analysis of proteomics in the left atrial appendage of 18 patients (9 with AF and 9 with SR) who underwent cardiac valvular surgery was conducted. The machine learning correlation-based feature selection (CFS) method was introduced to selected feature genes of AF using the training set of 130 samples involved in the microarray meta-analysis. The Naive Bayes (NB) based classifier constructed using training set was evaluated on an independent validation test set GSE2240. Results 863 DEGs with FDR < 0.05 and 482 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) with FDR < 0.1 and fold change > 1.2 were obtained from the transcriptomic and proteomic study, respectively. The DEGs and DEPs were then analyzed together which identified 30 biomarkers with consistent trends. Further, 10 features, including 8 upregulated genes (CD44, CHGB, FHL2, GGT5, IGFBP2, NRAP, SEPTIN6, YWHAQ) and 2 downregulated genes (TNNI1, TRDN) were selected from the 30 biomarkers through machine learning CFS method using training set. The NB based classifier constructed using the training set accurately and reliably classify AF from SR samples in the validation test set with a precision of 87.5% and AUC of 0.995. Conclusion Taken together, our present work might provide novel insights into the molecular mechanism and provide some promising diagnostic and therapeutic targets of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaozhong Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine/Cardiac Catheterization Lab, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Bai
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine/Cardiac Catheterization Lab, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenwei Tang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine/Cardiac Catheterization Lab, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiming Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine/Cardiac Catheterization Lab, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, No. 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, 410011, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China.
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12
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Gao Y, Liu Y, Fu Y, Wang Q, Liu Z, Hu R, Yang X, Chen M. The potential regulatory role of hsa_circ_0004104 in the persistency of atrial fibrillation by promoting cardiac fibrosis via TGF-β pathway. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2021; 21:25. [PMID: 33421993 PMCID: PMC7797150 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-021-01847-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The progression of paroxysmal AF (PAF) to persistent AF (PsAF) worsens the prognosis of AF, but its underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Recently, circular RNAs (circRNAs) were reported to be associated with cardiac fibrosis. In case of the vital role of cardiac fibrosis in AF persistency, we hypothesis that circRNAs may be potential regulators in the process of AF progression. MATERIALS AND METHODS 6 persistent and 6 paroxysmal AF patients were enrolled as derivation cohort. Plasma circRNAs expressions were determined by microarray and validated by RT-PCR. Fibrosis level, manifested by serum TGF-β, was determined by ELISA. Pathways and related non-coding RNAs involving in the progression of AF regulated were predicted by in silico analysis. RESULTS PsAF patients showed a distinct circRNAs expression profile with 92 circRNAs significantly dysregulated (fold change ≥ 2, p < 0.05), compared with PAF patients. The validity of the expression patterns was subsequently validated by RT-PCR in another 60 AF patients (30 PsAF and PAF, respectively). In addition, all the 5 up and down regulated circRNAs were clustered in MAPK and TGF-beta signaling pathway by KEGG pathway analysis. Among the 5 circRNAs, hsa_circ_0004104 was consistently downregulated in PsAF group (0.6 ± 0.33 vs 1.46 ± 0.41, p < 0.001) and predicted to target several AF and/or cardiac fibrosis related miRNAs reported by previous studies. In addition, TGF-β1 level was significantly higher in the PsAF group (5560.23 ± 1833.64 vs 2236.66 ± 914.89, p < 0.001), and hsa_circ_0004104 showed a significant negative correlation with TGF-β1 level (r = - 0.797, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION CircRNAs dysregulation plays vital roles in AF persistency. hsa_circ_0004104 could be a potential regulator and biomarker in AF persistency by promoting cardiac fibrosis via targeting MAPK and TGF-beta pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanfeng Gao
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8th Gongtinanlu Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Ye Liu
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8th Gongtinanlu Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Yuan Fu
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8th Gongtinanlu Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Qianhui Wang
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8th Gongtinanlu Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8th Gongtinanlu Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Roumu Hu
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8th Gongtinanlu Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Xinchun Yang
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8th Gongtinanlu Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Mulei Chen
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 8th Gongtinanlu Rd, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100020, China.
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13
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MFGE8 attenuates Ang-II-induced atrial fibrosis and vulnerability to atrial fibrillation through inhibition of TGF-β1/Smad2/3 pathway. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 139:164-175. [PMID: 31958465 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is characterized by potentiated growth of atrial fibroblasts and excessive deposition of the extracellular matrix. Atrial fibrosis has emerged as a hallmark of atrial structural remodeling linked to AF. Nonetheless, the specific mechanism underlying the progression of atrial fibrosis to AF is still largely unknown. MFGE8 (milk fat globule-EGF factor 8) is a soluble glycoprotein associated with many human diseases. Recently, a number of studies revealed that MFGE8 plays a crucial role in heart disease. Yet, MFGE8 regulation and function in the process of atrial fibrosis and vulnerability to AF remain unexplored. In this study, we found that the expression of MFGE8 was downregulated in the atriums of patients with AF compared with individuals without AF. In addition, the expression of MFGE8 was lower in atriums of angiotensin II (Ang-II)-stimulated rats as compared with the sham group. In vitro, silencing of MFGE8 by small interfering RNA significantly increased Ang-II-induced atrial fibrosis, whereas administration of recombinant human MFGE8 (rhMFGE8) attenuated the atrial fibrosis. Moreover, we found that the activated TGF-β1/Smad2/3 pathway after Ang-II treatment was significantly potentiated by the MFGE8 knockdown but inhibited by rhMFGE8 in vitro. Inhibition of integrin β3 which is the receptor for MFGE8, suppressed the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 activating effects of the MFGE8 knockdown in Ang-II-treated rat atrial fibroblasts. Finally, we administered rhMFGE8 to rats; it attenuated atrial fibrosis and remodeling and further reduced AF vulnerability induced by Ang-II, indicating that MFGE8 might have the potential both as a novel biomarker and as a therapeutic target in atrial fibrosis and AF.
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14
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Wang J, Han M, Han SX, Zhi C, Gao S, Li Y. Effect of c-Ski on atrial remodelling in a rapid atrial pacing canine model. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 24:1795-1803. [PMID: 31815360 PMCID: PMC6991632 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrosis is an important factor in the initiation and maintenance of atrial fibrillation (AF); therefore, understanding the pathogenesis of atrial fibrosis may reveal promising therapeutic targets for AF. In this study, we successfully established a rapid atrial pacing canine model and found that the inducibility and duration of AF were significantly reduced by the overexpression of c‐Ski, suggesting that this approach may have therapeutic effects. c‐Ski was found to be down‐regulated in the atrial tissues of the rapid atrial pacing canine model. We artificially up‐regulated c‐Ski expression with a c‐Ski–overexpressing adenovirus. Haematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome and picrosirius red staining showed that c‐Ski overexpression alleviated atrial fibrosis. Furthermore, we found that the expression levels of collagen III and α‐SMA were higher in the groups of dogs subjected to right‐atrial pacing, and this increase was attenuated by c‐Ski overexpression. In addition, c‐Ski overexpression decreased the phosphorylation of smad2, smad3 and p38 MAPK (p38α and p38β) as well as the expression of TGF‐β1 in atrial tissues, as shown by a comparison of the right‐atrial pacing + c‐Ski‐overexpression group to the control group with right‐atrial pacing only. These results suggest that c‐Ski overexpression improves atrial remodelling in a rapid atrial pacing canine model by suppressing TGF‐β1–Smad signalling and p38 MAPK activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital to Xin Jiang Medical University, Urumchi, Xin Jiang, China
| | - Min Han
- Xin Jiang Medical University, Urumchi, Xin Jiang, China
| | - Su-Xia Han
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Health University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cuiju Zhi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Health University, Shanghai, China
| | - Suli Gao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Health University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanghai Pudong New Area People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Health University, Shanghai, China
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15
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Liu L, Gan S, Li B, Ge X, Yu H, Zhou H. Fisetin Alleviates Atrial Inflammation, Remodeling, and Vulnerability to Atrial Fibrillation after Myocardial Infarction. Int Heart J 2019; 60:1398-1406. [DOI: 10.1536/ihj.19-131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science And Technology
| | - Shouyi Gan
- Department of Cardiology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science And Technology
| | - Bin Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science And Technology
| | - Xiong Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science And Technology
| | - Hui Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science And Technology
| | - Huiliang Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Science And Technology
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16
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McRae C, Kapoor A, Kanda P, Hibbert B, Davis DR. Systematic review of biological therapies for atrial fibrillation. Heart Rhythm 2019; 16:1399-1407. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2019.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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17
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Chen YL, Fan J, Cao L, Han TL, Zeng M, Xu Y, Ling Z, Yin Y. Unique mechanistic insights into the beneficial effects of angiotensin-(1-7) on the prevention of cardiac fibrosis: A metabolomic analysis of primary cardiac fibroblasts. Exp Cell Res 2019; 378:158-170. [PMID: 30844388 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2019.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell metabolic pathways are highly conserved among species and change rapidly in response to drug stimulation. Therefore, we explore the effects of angiotensin-(1-7) in a primary cell model of cardiac fibrosis established in angiotensin II-stimulated cardiac fibroblasts via metabolomics analysis and further clarify the potential protective mechanism of angiotensin-(1-7). METHODS AND RESULTS After exposing cardiac fibroblasts to angiotensin II and/or angiotensin-(1-7), 172 metabolites in these cells were quantified and identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The data were subsequently analyzed by orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis to shortlist biochemically significant metabolites associated with the antifibrotic action of angiotensin-(1-7). Seven significant metabolites were identified: 10,13-dimethyltetradecanoic acid, arachidonic acid, aspartic acid, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), glutathione, palmitelaidic acid, and pyroglutamic acid. By metabolic network analysis, we found that these metabolites were involved in six metabolic pathways, including arachidonic acid metabolism, leukotriene metabolism, and the γ-glutamyl cycle. Since these metabolic pathways are related to calcium balance and oxidative stress, we further verified that angiotensin-(1-7) suppressed the abnormal extracellular calcium influx and excessive accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in angiotensin II-stimulated cardiac fibroblasts. Furthermore, we found that angiotensin-(1-7) suppressed the abnormal calcium- and ROS-dependent activation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II delta (CaMKIIδ), the increased expression of CaMKIIδ-related proteins (NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4), cellular communication network factor 2 (CTGF), and p-ERK1/2), and excessive collagen deposition in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Angiotensin-(1-7) can ameliorate the angiotensin II-stimulated metabolic perturbations associated with cardiac fibroblast activation. These metabolic changes indicate that modulation of calcium- and ROS-dependent activation of CaMKIIδ mediates the activity of angiotensin-(1-7) against cardiac fibrosis. Moreover, pyroglutamic acid and arachidonic acid may be potential biomarkers for monitoring the antifibrotic action of angiotensin-(1-7).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Lin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Jinqi Fan
- Department of Cardiology, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China; Departments of Biomedical Engineering and Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Li Cao
- Department of Cardiology, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Ting-Li Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the 1st Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China; Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, New Zealand; Mass Spectrometry Centre, China-Canada-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Foetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Mengying Zeng
- Department of Cardiology, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Yanping Xu
- Department of Cardiology, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Zhiyu Ling
- Department of Cardiology, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China
| | - Yuehui Yin
- Department of Cardiology, the 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, China.
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18
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Walters TE, Kalman JM, Patel SK, Mearns M, Velkoska E, Burrell LM. Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 activity and human atrial fibrillation: increased plasma angiotensin converting enzyme 2 activity is associated with atrial fibrillation and more advanced left atrial structural remodelling. Europace 2018; 19:1280-1287. [PMID: 27738071 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euw246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is an integral membrane protein whose main action is to degrade angiotensin II. Plasma ACE2 activity is increased in various cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to determine the relationship between plasma ACE2 activity and human atrial fibrillation (AF), and in particular its relationship to left atrial (LA) structural remodelling. Methods and results One hundred and three participants from a tertiary arrhythmia centre, including 58 with paroxysmal AF (PAF), 20 with persistent AF (PersAF), and 25 controls, underwent clinical evaluation, echocardiographic analysis, and measurement of plasma ACE2 activity. A subgroup of 20 participants underwent invasive LA electroanatomic mapping. Plasma ACE2 activity levels were increased in AF [control 13.3 (9.5-22.3) pmol/min/mL; PAF 16.9 (9.7-27.3) pmol/min/mL; PersAF 22.8 (13.7-33.4) pmol/min/mL, P = 0.006]. Elevated plasma ACE2 was associated with older age, male gender, hypertension and vascular disease, elevated left ventricular (LV) mass, impaired LV diastolic function and advanced atrial disease (P < 0.05 for all). Independent predictors of elevated plasma ACE2 activity were AF (P = 0.04) and vascular disease (P < 0.01). There was a significant relationship between elevated ACE2 activity and low mean LA bipolar voltage (adjusted R2 = 0.22, P = 0.03), a high proportion of complex fractionated electrograms (R2 = 0.32, P = 0.009) and a long LA activation time (R2 = 0.20, P = 0.04). Conclusion Plasma ACE2 activity is elevated in human AF. Both AF and vascular disease predict elevated plasma ACE2 activity, and elevated plasma ACE2 is significantly associated with more advanced LA structural remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomos E Walters
- Department of Cardiology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Jonathan M Kalman
- Department of Cardiology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Sheila K Patel
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Megan Mearns
- Department of Cardiology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Elena Velkoska
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Louise M Burrell
- Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, The Austin Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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19
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Lou X, Lu Y, Tang B, Zhou X. Clinical Effects of "Selective Drug" Regulating Vagus Nerve Signal Pathway in Vagally-Mediated Atrial Fibrillation. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:2210-2217. [PMID: 29652036 PMCID: PMC5916093 DOI: 10.12659/msm.906044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The cardiac autonomic nervous system plays a crucial role in genesis and development of atrial fibrillation (AF) through the G protein signal transduction pathway. Therefore, intervening in the G protein signal transduction pathway may be a new “selective drug” method to regulate autonomic nerve activity to prevent vagally-mediated AF. Material/Methods Seventeen adult beagles were randomized into 3 groups: shame-operation control group (group A, n=5), empty vector gene control group (group B, n=6), and Gαi2ctp gene experimental group (group C, n=6). Group A was injected with normal saline into the anterior atrial wall, and group B and group C animals were injected with recombinant adenovirus with empty vector or Gαi2ctp vector in the same region. AF was induced by the method of rapid atrial pacing in groups B and C. To determine the clinical effect of vagal modulation, the effective refractory periods (ERP) and field action potential duration (FAPD) were evaluated by electrophysiological study. The expression levels of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and choline acetyl transferase (CHAT) in different parts were determined with immunohistochemistry. Results After successful Gαi2ctp gene transfer, in group B, the ERP and FAPD significantly decreased (P<0.05), and TH and CHAT expression observably increased (P<0.05), while those differences were absent between groups A and C (P>0.05). Conclusions Recombinant adenovirus-mediated overexpression of Gαi2ctp in canine myocardial cells can interfere with the activity of the vagus nerve, reverse the development and progression of electrical remodeling, and reduce the incidence of AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Lou
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Yanmei Lu
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Baopeng Tang
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China (mainland)
| | - Xianhui Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, China (mainland)
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20
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Zhou T, Han Z, Gu J, Chen S, Fan Y, Zhang H, Yin Y, Zhang J, Wang C. Angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 overexpression improves atrial electrical remodeling through TRPM7 signaling pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:78726-78733. [PMID: 29108260 PMCID: PMC5667993 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial electrical remodeling is an important factor in the development and persistence of atrial fibrillation. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of atrial angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 overexpression on atrial electrical remodeling and to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects. Twenty-eight male and female dogs were randomly divided into the following 4 groups: a sham-operation group, a control group, an adenovirus-enhanced green fluorescent protein (Ad-EGFP) gene group and an Ad-ACE2 gene group. All dogs in the Ad-EGFP and Ad-ACE2 groups were rhythmized at 450 bpm for 14 days. Two weeks later, all the dogs underwent thoracotomy and epicardial gene painting. On day 21 after gene transfer, all the animals were subjected to electrophysiological and molecular studies. AF induction rates and durations were significantly increased in the control and Ad-EGFP groups compared to the sham-operated and Ad-ACE2 groups. Transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) expression levels in the Ad-EGFP and control groups were significantly higher than those in the sham-operated and Ad-ACE2 groups. Basal [Mg2+]i was significantly decreased in siRNA transfected cells compared with control and non-silencing siRNA-transfected cells. Our results suggest that ACE2 overexpression suppresses atrial electrical remodeling and improves atrial function through the TRPM7 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingquan Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihua Han
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaojie Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai First People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuqi Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huili Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuehui Yin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junfeng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Changqian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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21
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The crucial role of activin A/ALK4 pathway in the pathogenesis of Ang-II-induced atrial fibrosis and vulnerability to atrial fibrillation. Basic Res Cardiol 2017. [PMID: 28639003 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-017-0634-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Atrial fibrosis, the hallmark of structural remodeling associated with atrial fibrillation (AF), is characterized by abnormal proliferation of atrial fibroblasts and excessive deposition of extracellular matrix. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)/activin receptor-like kinase 5 (ALK5)/Smad2/3/4 pathway has been reported to be involved in the process. Recent studies have implicated both activin A and its specific downstream component activin receptor-like kinase 4 (ALK4) in stimulating fibrosis in non-cardiac organs. We recently reported that ALK4 haplodeficiency attenuated the pressure overload- and myocardial infarction-induced ventricular fibrosis. However, the role of activin A/ALK4 in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrosis and vulnerability to AF remains unknown. Our study provided experimental and clinical evidence for the involvement of activin A and ALK4 in the pathophysiology of atrial fibrosis and AF. Patients with AF had higher activin A and ALK4 expression in atriums as compared to individuals devoid of AF. After angiotensin-II (Ang-II) stimulation which mimicked atrial fibrosis progression, ALK4-deficient mice showed lower expression of ALK4 in atriums, reduced activation of atrial fibroblasts, blunted atrial enlargement and atrial fibrosis, and further reduced AF vulnerability upon right atrial electrophysiological studies as compared to wild-type littermates. Moreover, we found that apart from the well-known TGF-β1/ALK5 pathway, the activation of activin A/ALK4/smad2/3 pathway played an important role in the pathogenesis of Ang-II-mediated atrial fibrosis and inducibility of AF, suggesting that targeting ALK4 might be a potential therapy for atrial fibrosis and AF.
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22
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Abstract
Myocardial injury, mechanical stress, neurohormonal activation, inflammation, and/or aging all lead to cardiac remodeling, which is responsible for cardiac dysfunction and arrhythmogenesis. Of the key histological components of cardiac remodeling, fibrosis either in the form of interstitial, patchy, or dense scars, constitutes a key histological substrate of arrhythmias. Here we discuss current research findings focusing on the role of fibrosis, in arrhythmogenesis. Numerous studies have convincingly shown that patchy or interstitial fibrosis interferes with myocardial electrophysiology by slowing down action potential propagation, initiating reentry, promoting after-depolarizations, and increasing ectopic automaticity. Meanwhile, there has been increasing appreciation of direct involvement of myofibroblasts, the activated form of fibroblasts, in arrhythmogenesis. Myofibroblasts undergo phenotypic changes with expression of gap-junctions and ion channels thereby forming direct electrical coupling with cardiomyocytes, which potentially results in profound disturbances of electrophysiology. There is strong evidence that systemic and regional inflammatory processes contribute to fibrogenesis (i.e., structural remodeling) and dysfunction of ion channels and Ca2+ homeostasis (i.e., electrical remodeling). Recognizing the pivotal role of fibrosis in the arrhythmogenesis has promoted clinical research on characterizing fibrosis by means of cardiac imaging or fibrosis biomarkers for clinical stratification of patients at higher risk of lethal arrhythmia, as well as preclinical research on the development of antifibrotic therapies. At the end of this review, we discuss remaining key questions in this area and propose new research approaches. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:1009-1049, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- My-Nhan Nguyen
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Helen Kiriazis
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Xiao-Ming Gao
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Xiao-Jun Du
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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23
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Differential regulation of protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) isoforms in human heart failure and atrial fibrillation. Basic Res Cardiol 2017; 112:43. [PMID: 28597249 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-017-0635-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) is a key regulator of important cardiac signaling pathways. Dysregulation of PP1 has been heavily implicated in cardiac dysfunctions. Accordingly, pharmacological targeting of PP1 activity is considered for therapeutic intervention in human cardiomyopathies. Recent evidence from animal models implicated previously unrecognized, isoform-specific activities of PP1 in the healthy and diseased heart. Therefore, this study examined the expression of the distinct PP1 isoforms PP1α, β, and γ in human heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF) and addressed the consequences of β-adrenoceptor blocker (beta-blocker) therapy for HF patients with reduced ejection fraction on PP1 isoform expression. Using western blot analysis, we found greater abundance of PP1 isoforms α and γ but unaltered PP1β levels in left ventricular myocardial tissues from HF patients as compared to non-failing controls. However, expression of all three PP1 isoforms was higher in atrial appendages from patients with AF compared to patients with sinus rhythm. Moreover, we found that in human failing ventricles, beta-blocker therapy was associated with lower PP1α abundance and activity, as indicated by higher phosphorylation of the PP1α-specific substrate eIF2α. Greater eIF2α phosphorylation is a known repressor of protein translation, and accordingly, we found lower levels of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress marker Grp78 in the very same samples. We propose that isoform-specific targeting of PP1α activity may be a novel and innovative therapeutic strategy for the treatment of human cardiac diseases by reducing ER stress conditions.
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24
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Eleftheriadou O, Boguslavskyi A, Longman MR, Cowan J, Francois A, Heads RJ, Wadzinski BE, Ryan A, Shattock MJ, Snabaitis AK. Expression and regulation of type 2A protein phosphatases and alpha4 signalling in cardiac health and hypertrophy. Basic Res Cardiol 2017; 112:37. [PMID: 28526910 PMCID: PMC5438423 DOI: 10.1007/s00395-017-0625-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac physiology and hypertrophy are regulated by the phosphorylation status of many proteins, which is partly controlled by a poorly defined type 2A protein phosphatase-alpha4 intracellular signalling axis. Quantitative PCR analysis revealed that mRNA levels of the type 2A catalytic subunits were differentially expressed in H9c2 cardiomyocytes (PP2ACβ > PP2ACα > PP4C > PP6C), NRVM (PP2ACβ > PP2ACα = PP4C = PP6C), and adult rat ventricular myocytes (PP2ACα > PP2ACβ > PP6C > PP4C). Western analysis confirmed that all type 2A catalytic subunits were expressed in H9c2 cardiomyocytes; however, PP4C protein was absent in adult myocytes and only detectable following 26S proteasome inhibition. Short-term knockdown of alpha4 protein expression attenuated expression of all type 2A catalytic subunits. Pressure overload-induced left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy was associated with an increase in both PP2AC and alpha4 protein expression. Although PP6C expression was unchanged, expression of PP6C regulatory subunits (1) Sit4-associated protein 1 (SAP1) and (2) ankyrin repeat domain (ANKRD) 28 and 44 proteins was elevated, whereas SAP2 expression was reduced in hypertrophied LV tissue. Co-immunoprecipitation studies demonstrated that the interaction between alpha4 and PP2AC or PP6C subunits was either unchanged or reduced in hypertrophied LV tissue, respectively. Phosphorylation status of phospholemman (Ser63 and Ser68) was significantly increased by knockdown of PP2ACα, PP2ACβ, or PP4C protein expression. DNA damage assessed by histone H2A.X phosphorylation (γH2A.X) in hypertrophied tissue remained unchanged. However, exposure of cardiomyocytes to H2O2 increased levels of γH2A.X which was unaffected by knockdown of PP6C expression, but was abolished by the short-term knockdown of alpha4 expression. This study illustrates the significance and altered activity of the type 2A protein phosphatase-alpha4 complex in healthy and hypertrophied myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Eleftheriadou
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Faculty of Science Engineering and Computing, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey, KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Andrii Boguslavskyi
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Michael R Longman
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Faculty of Science Engineering and Computing, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey, KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Jonathan Cowan
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Faculty of Science Engineering and Computing, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey, KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Asvi Francois
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Richard J Heads
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Brian E Wadzinski
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ali Ryan
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Faculty of Science Engineering and Computing, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey, KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Michael J Shattock
- Cardiovascular Division, King's College London British Heart Foundation Centre, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Andrew K Snabaitis
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Faculty of Science Engineering and Computing, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston-upon-Thames, Surrey, KT1 2EE, UK.
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25
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Protective role of heme oxygenase-1 in atrial remodeling. Basic Res Cardiol 2016; 111:58. [DOI: 10.1007/s00395-016-0577-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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26
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Chen XP, Lu SJ, Huang K, Zhang W, Liu ZW, Zhong JH. Effects of Ang Ⅱ perfusion on transmural heterogeneous of Cx43 in acute myocardial ischemia reperfusion. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2016; 9:96-9. [PMID: 26851796 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2015.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To observe the effects of angiotensin Ⅱ(Ang Ⅱ) perfusion on transmural heterogeneity of Cx43 expression in the rabbit model with acute myocardial ischemia reperfusion (MIR), and investigate the role of rennin-angiotensin system in malignant ventricular arrhythmia induced by MIR. METHODS Twenty rabbits were randomly divided into MIR group (n = 10) and Ang Ⅱ group (n = 10). MIR model was produced with traditional ligation and opening of the anterior descending coronary artery in all animal. The hearts in vitro in the MIR group and the Ang Ⅱ group were perfused with simply improved Tyrode's solution and containing Ang Ⅱ Tyrode's solution respectively. 90% monophasic action potential repolarization duration, transmural dispersion of repolarization, Cx43 protein (Cx43-pro) and mRNA (Cx43-Cq) expression in subepicardial, midmyocardial and subendocardial myocardium were measured in both groups. The greatest differences of Cx43-pro and Cx43-Cq among three myocardial layers were calculated and shown with ΔCx43-pro and ΔCx43-Cq respectively. RESULTS After Ang Ⅱ perfusion, 90% monophasic action potential repolarization duration among three myocardial layer were significantly prolonged (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01), and transmural dispersion of repolarization also significantly increased compared with the MIR group (P < 0.05). Compare with the MIR group, three myocardial Cx43-pro and Cx43-Cq expression in the Ang Ⅱ group were significantly decreased (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01), but ΔCx43-pro and ΔCx43-Cq were significant increased. CONCLUSIONS Renin-angiotensin system increases transmural heterogeneity of Cx43 expression in the rabbit model with MIR by Ang Ⅱ, and enlarge transmural dispersion of repolarization among three myocardial layers of left ventricular which induces malignant ventricular arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Pan Chen
- Hainan Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Haikou 570102, China
| | - Shi-Juan Lu
- Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou People's Hospital, Haikou 570208, China
| | - Kang Huang
- Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou People's Hospital, Haikou 570208, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou People's Hospital, Haikou 570208, China
| | - Zheng-Wang Liu
- Hainan Medical University Affiliated Hospital, Haikou 570102, China
| | - Jiang-Hua Zhong
- Central South University Xiangya School of Medicine Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Haikou People's Hospital, Haikou 570208, China.
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