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Vielmuth F, Radeva MY, Yeruva S, Sigmund AM, Waschke J. cAMP: A master regulator of cadherin-mediated binding in endothelium, epithelium and myocardium. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 238:e14006. [PMID: 37243909 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of cadherin-mediated cell adhesion is crucial not only for maintaining tissue integrity and barrier function in the endothelium and epithelium but also for electromechanical coupling within the myocardium. Therefore, loss of cadherin-mediated adhesion causes various disorders, including vascular inflammation and desmosome-related diseases such as the autoimmune blistering skin dermatosis pemphigus and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Mechanisms regulating cadherin-mediated binding contribute to the pathogenesis of diseases and may also be used as therapeutic targets. Over the last 30 years, cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) has emerged as one of the master regulators of cell adhesion in endothelium and, more recently, also in epithelial cells as well as in cardiomyocytes. A broad spectrum of experimental models from vascular physiology and cell biology applied by different generations of researchers provided evidence that not only cadherins of endothelial adherens junctions (AJ) but also desmosomal contacts in keratinocytes and the cardiomyocyte intercalated discs are central targets in this scenario. The molecular mechanisms involve protein kinase A- and exchange protein directly activated by cAMP-mediated regulation of Rho family GTPases and S665 phosphorylation of the AJ and desmosome adaptor protein plakoglobin. In line with this, phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors such as apremilast have been proposed as a therapeutic strategy to stabilize cadherin-mediated adhesion in pemphigus and may also be effective to treat other disorders where cadherin-mediated binding is compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Vielmuth
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mariya Y Radeva
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sunil Yeruva
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna M Sigmund
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Waschke
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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2
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Yeruva S, Stangner K, Jungwirth A, Hiermaier M, Shoykhet M, Kugelmann D, Hertl M, Egami S, Ishii N, Koga H, Hashimoto T, Weis M, Beckmann BM, Biller R, Schüttler D, Kääb S, Waschke J. Catalytic antibodies in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy patients cleave desmoglein 2 and N-cadherin and impair cardiomyocyte cohesion. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:203. [PMID: 37450050 PMCID: PMC10348947 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04853-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (AC) is a severe heart disease predisposing to ventricular arrhythmias and sudden cardiac death caused by mutations affecting intercalated disc (ICD) proteins and aggravated by physical exercise. Recently, autoantibodies targeting ICD proteins, including the desmosomal cadherin desmoglein 2 (DSG2), were reported in AC patients and were considered relevant for disease development and progression, particularly in patients without underlying pathogenic mutations. However, it is unclear at present whether these autoantibodies are pathogenic and by which mechanisms show specificity for DSG2 and thus can be used as a diagnostic tool. METHODS AND RESULTS IgG fractions were purified from 15 AC patients and 4 healthy controls. Immunostainings dissociation assays, atomic force microscopy (AFM), Western blot analysis and Triton X-100 assays were performed utilizing human heart left ventricle tissue, HL-1 cells and murine cardiac slices. Immunostainings revealed that autoantibodies against ICD proteins are prevalent in AC and most autoantibody fractions have catalytic properties and cleave the ICD adhesion molecules DSG2 and N-cadherin, thereby reducing cadherin interactions as revealed by AFM. Furthermore, most of the AC-IgG fractions causing loss of cardiomyocyte cohesion activated p38MAPK, which is known to contribute to a loss of desmosomal adhesion in different cell types, including cardiomyocytes. In addition, p38MAPK inhibition rescued the loss of cardiomyocyte cohesion induced by AC-IgGs. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that catalytic autoantibodies play a pathogenic role by cleaving ICD cadherins and thereby reducing cardiomyocyte cohesion by a mechanism involving p38MAPK activation. Finally, we conclude that DSG2 cleavage by autoantibodies could be used as a diagnostic tool for AC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Yeruva
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 11, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Konstanze Stangner
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 11, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Jungwirth
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 11, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Hiermaier
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 11, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Maria Shoykhet
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 11, 80336, Munich, Germany
- Department of Otorhinolarynology, Technical University of Munich and University Hospital rechts der Isar, Ismaningerstrasse 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Kugelmann
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 11, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Hertl
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Philipps-University Marburg, 35037, Marburg, Germany
| | - Shohei Egami
- Department of Dermatology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Norito Ishii
- Department of Dermatology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Koga
- Department of Dermatology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Takashi Hashimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka City Metropolitan University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michael Weis
- Krankenhaus Neuwittelsbach, Fachklinik Für Innere Medizin, Munich, Germany
| | - Britt-Maria Beckmann
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich (LMU), Campus Großhadern, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ruth Biller
- ARVC-Selbsthilfe E.V, Patient Association, Munich, Germany
| | - Dominik Schüttler
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich (LMU), Campus Großhadern, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Munich Heart Alliance (MHA), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
- Interfaculty Center for Endocrine and Cardiovascular Disease Network Modelling and Clinical Transfer (ICON), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Kääb
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich (LMU), Campus Großhadern, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Munich Heart Alliance (MHA), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
- Interfaculty Center for Endocrine and Cardiovascular Disease Network Modelling and Clinical Transfer (ICON), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Member of the European Reference Network for rare, low prevalance and complex diseases of the heart , ERN GUARD-Heart, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Waschke
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, Pettenkoferstrasse 11, 80336, Munich, Germany.
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3
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Shoykhet M, Dervishi O, Menauer P, Hiermaier M, Moztarzadeh S, Osterloh C, Ludwig RJ, Williams T, Gerull B, Kääb S, Clauss S, Schüttler D, Waschke J, Yeruva S. EGFR inhibition leads to enhanced desmosome assembly and cardiomyocyte cohesion via ROCK activation. JCI Insight 2023; 8:163763. [PMID: 36795511 PMCID: PMC10070108 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.163763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (AC) is a familial heart disease partly caused by impaired desmosome turnover. Thus, stabilization of desmosome integrity may provide new treatment options. Desmosomes, apart from cellular cohesion, provide the structural framework of a signaling hub. Here, we investigated the role of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in cardiomyocyte cohesion. We inhibited EGFR under physiological and pathophysiological conditions using the murine plakoglobin-KO AC model, in which EGFR was upregulated. EGFR inhibition enhanced cardiomyocyte cohesion. Immunoprecipitation showed an interaction of EGFR and desmoglein 2 (DSG2). Immunostaining and atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed enhanced DSG2 localization and binding at cell borders upon EGFR inhibition. Enhanced area composita length and desmosome assembly were observed upon EGFR inhibition, confirmed by enhanced DSG2 and desmoplakin (DP) recruitment to cell borders. PamGene Kinase assay performed in HL-1 cardiomyocytes treated with erlotinib, an EGFR inhibitor, revealed upregulation of Rho-associated protein kinase (ROCK). Erlotinib-mediated desmosome assembly and cardiomyocyte cohesion were abolished upon ROCK inhibition. Thus, inhibiting EGFR and, thereby, stabilizing desmosome integrity via ROCK might provide treatment options for AC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Shoykhet
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Orsela Dervishi
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Menauer
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Hiermaier
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Sina Moztarzadeh
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Colin Osterloh
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ralf J Ludwig
- Lübeck Institute of Experimental Dermatology and Center for Research on Inflammation of the Skin, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Tatjana Williams
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center and Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Brenda Gerull
- Comprehensive Heart Failure Center and Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Kääb
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, LMU Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance (MHA), Munich, Germany
- Interfaculty Center for Endocrine and Cardiovascular Disease Network Modeling and Clinical Transfer (ICONLMU), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sebastian Clauss
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, LMU Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich, Munich Heart Alliance (MHA), Munich, Germany
- Interfaculty Center for Endocrine and Cardiovascular Disease Network Modeling and Clinical Transfer (ICONLMU), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, LMU Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Dominik Schüttler
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik I, LMU Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
- Interfaculty Center for Endocrine and Cardiovascular Disease Network Modeling and Clinical Transfer (ICONLMU), LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Surgical Research at the Walter-Brendel-Centre of Experimental Medicine, LMU Hospital, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Waschke
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Sunil Yeruva
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig Maximilian University (LMU), Munich, Germany
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Jiang X, Xu X, Song S, Kuang H, Liu L, Xu L, Xu C. Colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic strip for the detection of digitoxin in human plasma. CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjac.2022.100220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Yeruva S, Körber L, Hiermaier M, Egu DT, Kempf E, Waschke J. Cholinergic signaling impairs cardiomyocyte cohesion. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2022; 236:e13881. [PMID: 36039679 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM Cardiac autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysregulation is a hallmark of several cardiovascular diseases. Adrenergic signaling enhanced cardiomyocyte cohesion via PKA-mediated plakoglobin phosphorylation at serine 665, referred to as positive adhesiotropy. This study investigated cholinergic regulation of cardiomyocyte cohesion using muscarinic receptor agonist carbachol (CCH). METHODS Dissociation assays, Western blot analysis, immunostaining, atomic force microscopy (AFM), immunoprecipitation, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), triton assays, and siRNA knockdown of genes were performed in either HL-1 cells or plakoglobin (PG) wild type (Jup+/+ ) and knockout (Jup-/- ) mice, which served as a model for arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. RESULTS In HL-1 cells grown in norepinephrine (NE)-containing medium for baseline adrenergic stimulation, and murine cardiac slice cultures from Jup+/+ and Jup-/- mice CCH treatment impaired cardiomyocyte cohesion. Immunostainings and AFM experiments revealed that CCH reduced desmoglein 2 (DSG2) localization and binding at cell borders. Furthermore, CCH reduced intercalated disc plaque thickness in both Jup+/+ and Jup-/- mice, evidenced by TEM analysis. Immunoprecipitation experiments in HL-1 cells revealed no changes in DSG2 interaction with desmoplakin (DP), plakophilin 2 (PKP2), PG, and desmin (DES) after CCH treatment. However, knockdown of any of the above proteins abolished CCH-mediated loss of cardiomyocyte cohesion. Furthermore, in HL-1 cells, CCH inhibited adrenergic-stimulated ERK phosphorylation but not PG phosphorylation at serine 665. In addition, CCH activated the AKT/GSK-3β axis in the presence of NE. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrate that cholinergic signaling antagonizes the positive effect of adrenergic signaling on cardiomyocyte cohesion and thus causes negative adhesiotropy independent of PG phosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Yeruva
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lars Körber
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Hiermaier
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Desalegn T Egu
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Ellen Kempf
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Waschke
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilian-University (LMU) Munich, Munich, Germany
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6
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Neel BL, Nisler CR, Walujkar S, Araya-Secchi R, Sotomayor M. Elastic versus brittle mechanical responses predicted for dimeric cadherin complexes. Biophys J 2022; 121:1013-1028. [PMID: 35151631 PMCID: PMC8943749 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadherins are a superfamily of adhesion proteins involved in a variety of biological processes that include the formation of intercellular contacts, the maintenance of tissue integrity, and the development of neuronal circuits. These transmembrane proteins are characterized by ectodomains composed of a variable number of extracellular cadherin (EC) repeats that are similar but not identical in sequence and fold. E-cadherin, along with desmoglein and desmocollin proteins, are three classical-type cadherins that have slightly curved ectodomains and engage in homophilic and heterophilic interactions through an exchange of conserved tryptophan residues in their N-terminal EC1 repeat. In contrast, clustered protocadherins are straighter than classical cadherins and interact through an antiparallel homophilic binding interface that involves overlapped EC1 to EC4 repeats. Here we present molecular dynamics simulations that model the adhesive domains of these cadherins using available crystal structures, with systems encompassing up to 2.8 million atoms. Simulations of complete classical cadherin ectodomain dimers predict a two-phased elastic response to force in which these complexes first softly unbend and then stiffen to unbind without unfolding. Simulated α, β, and γ clustered protocadherin homodimers lack a two-phased elastic response, are brittle and stiffer than classical cadherins and exhibit complex unbinding pathways that in some cases involve transient intermediates. We propose that these distinct mechanical responses are important for function, with classical cadherin ectodomains acting as molecular shock absorbers and with stiffer clustered protocadherin ectodomains facilitating overlap that favors binding specificity over mechanical resilience. Overall, our simulations provide insights into the molecular mechanics of single cadherin dimers relevant in the formation of cellular junctions essential for tissue function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon L Neel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; The Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Collin R Nisler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Sanket Walujkar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; Chemical Physics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Raul Araya-Secchi
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcos Sotomayor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; The Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio; Chemical Physics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio.
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7
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Yeruva S, Waschke J. Structure and regulation of desmosomes in intercalated discs: Lessons from epithelia. J Anat 2022; 242:81-90. [PMID: 35128661 PMCID: PMC9773171 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
For electromechanical coupling of cardiomyocytes, intercalated discs (ICDs) are pivotal as highly specialized intercellular contact areas. ICD consists of adhesive contacts, such as desmosomes and adherens junctions (AJs) that are partially intermingled and thereby form an area composita to provide mechanical strength, as well as gap junctions (GJ) and sodium channels for excitation propagation. In contrast, in epithelia, mixed junctions with features of desmosomes and AJs are regarded as transitory primarily during the formation of desmosomes. The anatomy of desmosomes is defined by a typical ultrastructure with dense intracellular plaques anchoring the cadherin-type adhesion molecules to the intermediate filament cytoskeleton. Desmosomal diseases characterized by impaired adhesive and signalling functions of desmosomal contacts lead to arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy when affecting cardiomyocytes and cause pemphigus when manifesting in keratinocytes or present as cardiocutaneous syndromes when both cell types are targeted by the disease, which underscores the high biomedical relevance of these cell contacts. Therefore, comparative analyses regarding the structure and regulation of desmosomal contacts in cardiomyocytes and epithelial cells are helpful to better understand disease pathogenesis. In this brief review, we describe the structural properties of ICD compared to epithelial desmosomes and suggest that mechanisms regulating adhesion may at least in part be comparable. Also, we discuss whether phenomena such as hyperadhesion or the bidirectional regulation of desmosomes to serve as signalling hubs in epithelial cells may also be relevant for ICD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Yeruva
- Ludwig‐Maximilian‐Universität München, Anatomische Anstalt, Lehrstuhl Anatomie I – Vegetative AnatomieMunichGermany
| | - Jens Waschke
- Ludwig‐Maximilian‐Universität München, Anatomische Anstalt, Lehrstuhl Anatomie I – Vegetative AnatomieMunichGermany
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Wu D, Kampmann E, Qian G. Novel Insights Into the Role of Mitochondria-Derived Peptides in Myocardial Infarction. Front Physiol 2021; 12:750177. [PMID: 34777013 PMCID: PMC8582487 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.750177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria-derived peptides (MDPs) are a new class of bioactive peptides encoded by small open reading frames (sORFs) within known mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genes. MDPs may affect the expression of nuclear genes and play cytoprotective roles against chronic and age-related diseases by maintaining mitochondrial function and cell viability in the face of metabolic stress and cytotoxic insults. In this review, we summarize clinical and experimental findings indicating that MDPs act as local and systemic regulators of glucose homeostasis, immune and inflammatory responses, mitochondrial function, and adaptive stress responses, and focus on evidence supporting the protective effects of MDPs against myocardial infarction. These insights into MDPs actions suggest their potential in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and should encourage further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army Hospital, Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Enny Kampmann
- School of Life Sciences, City College of San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Geng Qian
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army Hospital, Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
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9
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Zhi TX, Liu KQ, Cai KY, Zhao YC, Li ZW, Wang X, He XH, Sun XY. Anti-Lung Cancer Activities of 1,2,3-Triazole Curcumin Derivatives via Regulation of the MAPK/NF-κB/STAT3 Signaling Pathways. ChemMedChem 2021; 17:e202100676. [PMID: 34773680 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a series of curcumin derivatives containing 1,2,3-triazole were designed and synthesized, and their inhibitory activities against the proliferation of lung cancer cells were studied. Compound 5 k (3,4-dichlorobenzyltriazole methyl curcumin) had the best activity against A549 cells, with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) of 2.27 μM, which was approximately 10 times higher than that of the lead curcumin and higher than that of gefitinib (IC50 =8.64 μM). Western blotting revealed that 5 k increased the phosphorylation levels of p38, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Compound 5 k also promoted the expression of the inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB (IκBα) and decreased that of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and β-catenin. Therefore, 5 k suppresses A549 cell proliferation by activating the mitogen-activated protein kinases and suppressing NF-κB/STAT3 signaling pathways. So, 5 k can potentially be used for treating non-small cell lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tai Xin Zhi
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Qiang Liu
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kun Yi Cai
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Chao Zhao
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen Wang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, 163319, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Xin Hua He
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Haidian District, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xian Yu Sun
- School of Biology and Food Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu, 215500, Jiangsu, China
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10
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Cheng D, Zheng J, Hu F, Lv W, Lu C. Abnormal Mitochondria-Endoplasmic Reticulum Communication Promotes Myocardial Infarction. Front Physiol 2021; 12:717187. [PMID: 34413791 PMCID: PMC8369510 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.717187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is characterized by cardiomyocyte death, and can be exacerbated by mitochondrial damage and endoplasmic reticulum injury. In the present study, we investigated whether communication between mitochondria and the endoplasmic reticulum contributes to cardiomyocyte death after myocardial infarction. Our data demonstrated that hypoxia treatment (mimicking myocardial infarction) promoted cardiomyocyte death by inducing the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway. The activation of JNK under hypoxic conditions was dependent on overproduction of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) in cardiomyocytes, and mitochondrial division was identified as the upstream inducer of mtROS overproduction. Silencing mitochondrial division activators, such as B cell receptor associated protein 31 (BAP31) and mitochondrial fission 1 (Fis1), repressed mitochondrial division, thereby inhibiting mtROS overproduction and preventing JNK-induced cardiomyocyte death under hypoxic conditions. These data revealed that a novel death-inducing mechanism involving the BAP31/Fis1/mtROS/JNK axis promotes hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte damage. Considering that BAP31 is localized within the endoplasmic reticulum and Fis1 is localized in mitochondria, abnormal mitochondria-endoplasmic reticulum communication may be a useful therapeutic target after myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Degang Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Fang Hu
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Lv
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chengzhi Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
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11
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Jiang X, Cai S, Jin Y, Wu F, He J, Wu X, Tan Y, Wang Y. Irisin Attenuates Oxidative Stress, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Apoptosis in the H9C2 Cellular Model of Septic Cardiomyopathy through Augmenting Fundc1-Dependent Mitophagy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:2989974. [PMID: 34457111 PMCID: PMC8390168 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2989974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, we used lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) stimulated H9C2 cardiomyocytes to investigate whether irisin treatment attenuates septic cardiomyopathy via Fundc1-related mitophagy. Fundc1 levels and mitophagy were significantly reduced in LPS-stimulated H9C2 cardiomyocytes but were significantly increased by irisin treatment. Irisin significantly increased ATP production and the activities of mitochondrial complexes I and III in the LPS-stimulated cardiomyocytes. Irisin also improved glucose metabolism and significantly reduced LPS-induced levels of reactive oxygen species by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes, glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as levels of reduced glutathione (GSH). TUNEL assays showed that irisin significantly reduced LPS-stimulated cardiomyocyte apoptosis by suppressing the activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9. However, the beneficial effects of irisin on oxidative stress, mitochondrial metabolism, and viability of LPS-stimulated H9C2 cardiomyocytes were abolished by silencing Fundc1. These results demonstrate that irisin abrogates mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and apoptosis through Fundc1-related mitophagy in LPS-stimulated H9C2 cardiomyocytes. This suggests irisin is a potentially useful treatment for septic cardiomyopathy, though further investigations are necessary to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqing Jiang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Shumin Cai
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yinghui Jin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xixuan Wu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ying Tan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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12
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Zhang J, Zhang F, Wang Y. Mitofusin-2 Enhances Mitochondrial Contact With the Endoplasmic Reticulum and Promotes Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Front Physiol 2021; 12:707634. [PMID: 34305656 PMCID: PMC8298037 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.707634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy has been associated with mitochondrial damage. Mitochondria–endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contact is an important determinant of mitochondrial function and ER homeostasis. We therefore investigated whether hyperglycemia can damage the mitochondria by increasing their contact with the ER in cardiomyocytes. We found that hyperglycemia induced mitochondria–ER contact in cardiomyocytes, as evidenced by the increased MMM1, MDM34, and BAP31 expressions. Interestingly, the silencing of Mfn2 reduced the cooperation between the mitochondria and the ER in cardiomyocytes. Mfn2 silencing improved cardiomyocyte viability and function under hyperglycemic conditions. Additionally, the silencing of Mfn2 markedly attenuated the release of calcium from the ER to the mitochondria, thereby preserving mitochondrial metabolism in cardiomyocytes under hyperglycemic conditions. Mfn2 silencing reduced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production, which reduced mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in hyperglycemia-treated cardiomyocytes. Finally, Mfn2 silencing attenuated ER stress in cardiomyocytes subjected to high-glucose stress. These results demonstrate that Mfn2 promotes mitochondria–ER contact in hyperglycemia-treated cardiomyocytes. The silencing of Mfn2 sustained mitochondrial function, suppressed mitochondrial calcium overload, prevented mitochondrial apoptosis, and reduced ER stress, thereby enhancing cardiomyocyte survival under hyperglycemic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjing, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjing, China
| | - Yanou Wang
- Health Management Department, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjing, China
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13
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Jiang X, Wu D, Jiang Z, Ling W, Qian G. Protective Effect of Nicorandil on Cardiac Microvascular Injury: Role of Mitochondrial Integrity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:4665632. [PMID: 34285763 PMCID: PMC8275446 DOI: 10.1155/2021/4665632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A major shortcoming of postischemic therapy for myocardial infarction is the no-reflow phenomenon due to impaired cardiac microvascular function including microcirculatory barrier function, loss of endothelial activity, local inflammatory cell accumulation, and increased oxidative stress. Consequently, inadequate reperfusion of the microcirculation causes secondary ischemia, aggravating the myocardial reperfusion injury. ATP-sensitive potassium ion (KATP) channels regulate the coronary blood flow and protect cardiomyocytes from ischemia-reperfusion injury. Studies in animal models of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion have illustrated that the opening of mitochondrial KATP (mito-KATP) channels alleviates endothelial dysfunction and reduces myocardial necrosis. By contrast, blocking mito-KATP channels aggravates microvascular necrosis and no-reflow phenomenon following ischemia-reperfusion injury. Nicorandil, as an antianginal drug, has been used for ischemic preconditioning (IPC) due to its mito-KATP channel-opening effect, thereby limiting infarct size and subsequent severe ischemic insult. In this review, we analyze the protective actions of nicorandil against microcirculation reperfusion injury with a focus on improving mitochondrial integrity. In addition, we discuss the function of mitochondria in the pathogenesis of myocardial ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosi Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zichao Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weiwei Ling
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Geng Qian
- Department of Cardiology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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14
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Melatonin Attenuates ox-LDL-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction by Reducing ER Stress and Inhibiting JNK/Mff Signaling. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5589612. [PMID: 33763168 PMCID: PMC7952160 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5589612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction, which is characterized by damage to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria, is involved in a variety of cardiovascular disorders. Here, we explored whether mitochondrial damage and ER stress are associated with endothelial dysfunction. We also examined whether and how melatonin protects against oxidized low-density lipoprotein- (ox-LDL-) induced damage in endothelial cells. We found that CHOP, GRP78, and PERK expressions, which are indicative of ER stress, increased significantly in response to ox-LDL treatment. ox-LDL also induced mitochondrial dysfunction as evidenced by decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, increased mitochondrial ROS levels, and downregulation of mitochondrial protective factors. In addition, ox-LDL inhibited antioxidative processes, as evidenced by decreased antioxidative enzyme activity and reduced Nrf2/HO-1 expression. Melatonin clearly reduced ER stress and promoted mitochondrial function and antioxidative processes in the presence of ox-LDL. Molecular investigation revealed that ox-LDL activated the JNK/Mff signaling pathway, and melatonin blocked this effect. These results demonstrate that ox-LDL induces ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction and activates the JNK/Mff signaling pathway, thereby contributing to endothelial dysfunction. Moreover, melatonin inhibited JNK/Mff signaling and sustained ER homeostasis and mitochondrial function, thereby protecting endothelial cells against ox-LDL-induced damage.
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