1
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Mathews HF, Çeper T, Speen T, Bastard C, Bulut S, Pieper MI, Schacher FH, De Laporte L, Pich A. Engineering poly(dehydroalanine)-based gels via droplet-based microfluidics: from bulk to microspheres. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:6231-6246. [PMID: 39051502 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00676c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Biomedical applications such as drug delivery, tissue engineering, and functional surface coating rely on switchable adsorption and desorption of specialized guest molecules. Poly(dehydroalanine), a polyzwitterion containing pH-dependent positive and negative charges, shows promise for such reversible loading, especially when integrated into a gel network. Herein, we present the fabrication of poly(dehydroalanine)-derived gels of different size scales and evaluate them with respect to their practical use in biomedicine. Already existing protocols for bulk gelation were remodeled to derive suitable reaction conditions for droplet-based microfluidic synthesis. Depending on the layout of the microfluidic chip, microgels with a size of approximately 30 μm or 200 μm were obtained, whose crosslinking density can be increased by implementing a multi-arm crosslinker. We analyzed the effects of the crosslinker species on composition, permeability, and softness and show that the microgels exhibit advantageous properties inherent to zwitterionic polymer systems, including high hydrophilicity as well as pH- and ionic strength-sensitivity. We demonstrate pH-regulated uptake and release of fluorescent model dyes before testing the adsorption of a small antimicrobial peptide, LL-37. Quantification of the peptide accommodated within the microgels reveals the impact of size and crosslinking density of the microgels. Biocompatibility of the microgels was validated by cell tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah F Mathews
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Tolga Çeper
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Tobias Speen
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Céline Bastard
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Selin Bulut
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Maria I Pieper
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix H Schacher
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Macromolecular Chemistry, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Humboldtstr. 10, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 7, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Center for Energy and Environmental Chemistry Jena (CEEC), Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Philosophenweg 7a, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence Balance of the Microverse, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Grüne Aue, 07754 Jena, Germany
| | - Laura De Laporte
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Applied Medical Engineering (AME), Department of Advanced Materials for Biomedicine (AMB), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Center for Biohybrid Medical Systems (CMBS), Forckenbeckstr. 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrij Pich
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
- Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringer Weg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Aachen Maastricht Institute for Biobased Materials (AMIBM), Brightland Chemelot Campus, Maastricht University, 6167 RD Geleen, The Netherlands
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2
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Strauch C, Schneider S. Ionisation and swelling behaviour of weak polyampholyte core-shell networks - a Monte Carlo study. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:938-950. [PMID: 36632835 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm01301k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The network charge of polyampholyte microgels can be tuned by varying the pH of the surrounding solution, and a charge reversal from a positively charged microgel at low pH to a negatively charged microgel at high pH can be achieved. In a titration experiment, it is difficult to tell apart the ionisation of the acidic and basic monomers in the network and to determine the distribution of charges in the network, whereas using Metropolis Monte Carlo simulations, both the degree of ionisation and the distribution of ionised monomers can be determined separately for both species. Building on our earlier work on alternating polyampholyte microgels, we now investigated the pH-dependent ionisation and the swelling behaviour of polyampholyte core-shell microgels under good solvent conditions. For this purpose, we performed Metropolis Monte Carlo simulations for a bead-spring model using the constant-pH method. As in our previous study on alternating microgels, the width of the U-shaped curve of the microgels volume as a function of pH depends on the relative dissociation constants of acid and base, and the microgel volume can be approximated by a linear function of the total network charge. Due to the spatial separation of acid and base in core-shell systems, the ionisation is less enhanced compared to a microgel with an alternating distribution of the two species. Nevertheless, we still see an influence of the presence of one species on the ionisation behaviour of the other species under good solvent conditions. Furthermore, the isoelectric point is shifted towards higher pH, which is caused by a higher charge density in the core compared to that in the shell. Added salt changes the Donnan equilibrium, which determines the counterion distribution within and outside of the microgel. At the same time, it contributes to the electrostatic screening of the network charges, leading to a narrowing of the U-shaped volume transition curve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Strauch
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Stefanie Schneider
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
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3
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Hofzumahaus C, Strauch C, Schneider S. Monte Carlo simulations of weak polyampholyte microgels: pH-dependence of conformation and ionization. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:6029-6043. [PMID: 34076026 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00433f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We performed Metropolis Monte Carlo simulations to investigate the impact of varying acid and base dissociation constants on the pH-dependent ionization and conformation of weak polyampholyte microgels under salt-free conditions and under explicit consideration of the chemical ionization equilibria of the acidic and basic groups and their electrostatic interaction. Irrespective of their relative acid and base dissociation constant, all of the microgels undergo a pH-dependent charge reversal from positive to negative with a neutral charge at the isoelectric point. This charge reversal is accompanied by a U-shaped swelling transition of the microgels with a minimum of their size at the point of charge neutrality. The width of the U-shaped swelling transition, however, is found to depend on the chosen relative acid and base dissociation constants through which the extent of the favorable electrostatic intramolecular interaction of the ionized acidic and basic groups is altered. The pH-dependent swelling transition of the microgels is found to become broader, the stronger the intramolecular electrostatic interaction of the oppositely charged ionized species is. In addition, the intramolecular charge compensation of the acidic and basic groups of the microgels allows their counterions to abandon the microgel and the associated gain in translational entropy further amplifies the broadening of the pH-dependent swelling transition. The analysis of the radial ionization profiles of the acidic and basic groups of the differently composed microgels reveals a variety of radial ionization patterns with a dependence on the overall charge of the microgels.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Hofzumahaus
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
| | - C Strauch
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
| | - S Schneider
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, D-52056 Aachen, Germany.
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4
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Zhu Y, Xu G, Song W, Wu M, Yao R, Sadeghzadeh SM. Cu2O Nanocatalysts Immobilized on p(SBMA) for Synergistic CO2 Activation to Afford Esters and Heterocycles at Ambient Pressure. Catal Letters 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-020-03518-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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5
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Silkina EF, Molotilin TY, Maduar SR, Vinogradova OI. Ionic equilibria and swelling of soft permeable particles in electrolyte solutions. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:929-938. [PMID: 31815270 DOI: 10.1039/c9sm01602c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We discuss osmotic equilibria between soft permeable particles, of radius R and volume charge density ρ, and bulk electrolyte solutions of inverse Debye length κ. Existing models are based on a simplified assumption of weakly charged particles. Here we derive analytical approximations for the distribution of potentials, ions and pressure in a system, suitable even when ρ is quite large. Our theory is valid not only for "large" particles (κR≫ 1), where the central part is fully screened, but also for weakly screened "small" particles (κR≤ 1) with overlapping inner diffuse layers. Besides, we present novel coarse-grained simulations to validate the analysis and illustrate the variation of potential/ion profiles in response to changes in κR and ρ. Our simulations also allow us to argue that swelling of both "large" and "small" particles is uniform, although their inner non-uniform local pressure profiles are essentially and qualitatively different. These results are directly relevant for a variety of permeable charged objects, from polymer micro- and nanogels to more rigid porous colloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena F Silkina
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky Prospect, 119071 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Taras Y Molotilin
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky Prospect, 119071 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Salim R Maduar
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky Prospect, 119071 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Olga I Vinogradova
- Frumkin Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 31 Leninsky Prospect, 119071 Moscow, Russia. and Department of Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia and DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52056 Aachen, Germany
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6
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Rudov AA, Gelissen APH, Lotze G, Schmid A, Eckert T, Pich A, Richtering W, Potemkin II. Intramicrogel Complexation of Oppositely Charged Compartments As a Route to Quasi-Hollow Structures. Macromolecules 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.7b00553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A. Rudov
- Physics
Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-2, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
- DWI—Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstraße 50, Aachen 52056, Germany
| | | | - Gudrun Lotze
- High
Brilliance Beamline ID02, ESRF—The European Synchrotron, 71, Avenue des Martyrs, CS40220, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Andreas Schmid
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52056, Germany
| | - Thomas Eckert
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52056, Germany
| | - Andrij Pich
- DWI—Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstraße 50, Aachen 52056, Germany
- Institute
of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52056, Germany
| | - Walter Richtering
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52056, Germany
| | - Igor I. Potemkin
- Physics
Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-2, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
- DWI—Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Forckenbeckstraße 50, Aachen 52056, Germany
- National Research South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk 454080, Russian Federation
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7
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Town AR, Giardiello M, Gurjar R, Siccardi M, Briggs ME, Akhtar R, McDonald TO. Dual-stimuli responsive injectable microgel/solid drug nanoparticle nanocomposites for release of poorly soluble drugs. NANOSCALE 2017; 9:6302-6314. [PMID: 28368063 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr07858c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
An in situ forming implant (ISFI) for drug delivery combines the potential to improve therapeutic adherence for patients with simple administration by injection. Herein, we describe the preparation of an injectable nanocomposite ISFI composed of thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) based microgels and solid drug nanoparticles. Monodisperse poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) or poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-allylamine) microgels were prepared by precipitation polymerisation with mean diameters of approximately 550 nm at 25 °C. Concentrated dispersions of these microgels displayed dual-stimuli responsive behaviour, forming shape persistent bulk aggregates in the presence of both salt (at physiological ionic strength) and at body temperature (above the lower critical solution temperature of the polymer). These dual-stimuli responsive microgels could be injected into an agarose gel tissue mimic leading to rapid aggregation of the particles to form a drug depot. Additionally, the microgel particles aggregated in the presence of other payload nanoparticles (such as dye-containing polystyrene nanoparticles or lopinavir solid drug nanoparticles) to form nanocomposites with high entrapment efficiency of the payload. The resulting microgel and solid drug nanoparticle nanocomposites displayed sustained drug release for at least 120 days, with the rate of release tuned by blending microgels of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-allylamine) microgels. Cytotoxicity studies revealed that the microgels were not toxic to MDCK-II cells even at high concentrations. Collectively, these results demonstrate a novel, easily injectable, nanocomposite ISFI that provides long-term sustained release for poorly water-soluble drugs without a burst release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Town
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK.
| | - Marco Giardiello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK.
| | - Rohan Gurjar
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Block H, 70 Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L69 3GF, UK
| | - Marco Siccardi
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Liverpool, Block H, 70 Pembroke Place, Liverpool, L69 3GF, UK
| | - Michael E Briggs
- Centre for Materials Discovery, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK
| | - Riaz Akhtar
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Aerospace Engineering, School of Engineering University of Liverpool, George Holt Building, Brownlow Hill, Liverpool, L69 3GH, UK
| | - Tom O McDonald
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZD, UK.
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8
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Wang HC, Grolman JM, Rizvi A, Hisao GS, Rienstra CM, Zimmerman SC. pH-Triggered Release from Polyamide Microcapsules Prepared by Interfacial Polymerization of a Simple Diester Monomer. ACS Macro Lett 2017; 6:321-325. [PMID: 35650910 DOI: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.6b00968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The majority of current pH-triggered release systems is designed to respond to either low or high pH. Encapsulants based on polyampholytes are an example of materials that can respond to both acidic and basic pH. However, polyampholyte-based encapsulants generally possess a low loading capacity and have difficulty retaining their small-molecule cargo. The current work utilizes interfacial polymerization between polyamines and a pyromellitic diester diacid chloride to form high capacity "liquid core-shell" polyamide microcapsules that are stable in a dry or nonpolar environment but undergo steady, controlled release at pH 7.4 and accelerated release at pH 5 and pH 10. The rate of release can be tuned by adjusting the amine cross-linker feed ratio, which varies the degree of cross-linking in the polymer shell. The thin-shell microcapsule exhibited suitable barrier properties and tunable dual acid/base-triggered release, with applications in a wide range of pH environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsuan-Chin Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, ‡Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, and §Department of
Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Joshua M. Grolman
- Department
of Chemistry, ‡Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, and §Department of
Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Aoon Rizvi
- Department
of Chemistry, ‡Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, and §Department of
Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Grant S. Hisao
- Department
of Chemistry, ‡Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, and §Department of
Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Chad M. Rienstra
- Department
of Chemistry, ‡Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, and §Department of
Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Steven C. Zimmerman
- Department
of Chemistry, ‡Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, and §Department of
Materials Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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9
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Thermoresponsive cationic copolymer microgels as high performance draw agents in forward osmosis desalination. J Memb Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2016.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Maccarrone S, Mergel O, Plamper FA, Holderer O, Richter D. Electrostatic Effects on the Internal Dynamics of Redox-Sensitive Microgel Systems. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b02544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simona Maccarrone
- Outstation
at MLZ, Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Lichtenbergstraße 1, 85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Olga Mergel
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix A. Plamper
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Olaf Holderer
- Outstation
at MLZ, Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Lichtenbergstraße 1, 85747, Garching, Germany
| | - Dieter Richter
- Outstation
at MLZ, Jülich Centre for Neutron Science JCNS, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Lichtenbergstraße 1, 85747, Garching, Germany
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11
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Zhao J, Burke NAD, Stöver HDH. Preparation and study of multi-responsive polyampholyte copolymers of N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide hydrochloride and acrylic acid. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra06516c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Multi-responsive polyampholytes show LCST and UCST behaviour at different pH values, based on electrostatic and hydrogen bonding interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
| | | | - Harald D. H. Stöver
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology
- McMaster University
- Hamilton
- Canada
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12
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Ajmal M, Demirci S, Siddiq M, Aktas N, Sahiner N. Betaine microgel preparation from 2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyl] dimethyl (3-sulfopropyl) ammonium hydroxide and its use as a catalyst system. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2015.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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13
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Tiwari R, Heuser T, Weyandt E, Wang B, Walther A. Polyacid microgels with adaptive hydrophobic pockets and ampholytic character: synthesis, solution properties and insights into internal nanostructure by cryogenic-TEM. SOFT MATTER 2015; 11:8342-8353. [PMID: 26350118 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm01327e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Microgels with internal and reconfigurable complex nanostructure are emerging as possible adaptive particles, yet they remain challenging to design synthetically. Here, we report the synthesis of highly charged poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) microgels incorporating permanent (poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)) and switchable hydrophobic pockets (poly(N,N'-diethylaminoethyl methacrylate) (PDEAEMA)) via emulsion polymerization. We demonstrate detailed tuning of the size, crosslinking density and tailored incorporation of functional comonomers into the polyacid microgels. Analysis via cryo-TEM and pyrene probe measurements reveal switchable hydrophobic pockets inside the microgels as a function of pH. The particles show a rich diversity of internal phase-segregation, that adapts to the surrounding conditions. Large amounts of hydrophobic pockets even lead to hydrophobic bridging between particles. The study shows ways towards tailored polyelectrolyte microgels with narrow dispersity, high charge density, as well as tailored and reconfigurable hydrophobic compartments and interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Tiwari
- DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Thomas Heuser
- DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Elisabeth Weyandt
- DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Baochun Wang
- DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Andreas Walther
- DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstr. 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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14
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Schmid AJ, Schroeder R, Eckert T, Radulescu A, Pich A, Richtering W. Synthesis and solution behaviour of stimuli-sensitive zwitterionic microgels. Colloid Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-015-3749-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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15
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Schroeder R, Rudov AA, Lyon LA, Richtering W, Pich A, Potemkin II. Electrostatic Interactions and Osmotic Pressure of Counterions Control the pH-Dependent Swelling and Collapse of Polyampholyte Microgels with Random Distribution of Ionizable Groups. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ricarda Schroeder
- DWI−Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Aachen 52056, Germany
- Functional
and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular
Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52056, Germany
| | - Andrey A. Rudov
- DWI−Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Aachen 52056, Germany
- Physics
Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
| | - L. Andrew Lyon
- Schmid
College of Science and Technology, Chapman University, Orange, California 92866, United States
| | - Walter Richtering
- Institute
of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52056, Germany
| | - Andrij Pich
- DWI−Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Aachen 52056, Germany
- Functional
and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular
Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52056, Germany
| | - Igor I. Potemkin
- DWI−Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials e.V., Aachen 52056, Germany
- Physics
Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation
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16
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Feng W, Zhou W, Zhang S, Fan Y, Yasin A, Yang H. UV-controlled shape memory hydrogels triggered by photoacid generator. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra14421c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
UV-controlled shape memory hydrogel is designed with PhotoAcid Generator (PAG) as the trigger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Feng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Wanfu Zhou
- Oilfield Production Technology Institute
- Daqing Oilfield Co. Ltd
- Daqing 163514
- P. R. China
| | - Shidong Zhang
- Oilfield Production Technology Institute
- Daqing Oilfield Co. Ltd
- Daqing 163514
- P. R. China
| | - Yujiao Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Akram Yasin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Haiyang Yang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- P. R. China
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17
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Qian YC, Chen PC, Zhu XY, Huang XJ. Click synthesis of ionic strength-responsive polyphosphazene hydrogel for reversible binding of enzymes. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra06649b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A chemically crosslinkable cationic polyphosphazene was synthesized and fabricated into hydrogels via thiol–ene click chemistry for reversible enzyme binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue-Cheng Qian
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Peng-Cheng Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Xue-Yan Zhu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
| | - Xiao-Jun Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- China
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18
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Xiao H, Hu J, Jin S, Li RH. Synthesis and Solution Properties of Zwitterionic Copolymer of Acrylamide with 3-[(2-Acrylamido)dimethylammonio]propanesulfonate. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2013.34.9.2616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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19
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Characterization of thermo and pH responsive NIPAM based microgels and their membrane blocking potential. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2013.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Han D, Letteri R, Chan-Seng D, Emrick T, Tu H. Examination of zwitterionic polymers and gels subjected to mechanical constraints. POLYMER 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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21
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Xiao H, Tao R, Cui W, Zhang S, Li RH. Solution properties of a novel ampholytic polyphenylene sulfide. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.36809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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22
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Dhar N, Akhlaghi SP, Tam KC. Biodegradable and biocompatible polyampholyte microgels derived from chitosan, carboxymethyl cellulose and modified methyl cellulose. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 87:101-109. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2011] [Revised: 06/06/2011] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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23
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El-Hamshary H, Assubaie FN. Synthesis of Cationic and Ampholytic Starch Graft Acrylamide and their Aqueous Salt Absorption. JOURNAL OF MACROMOLECULAR SCIENCE PART A-PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10601325.2011.573334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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24
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25
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Polyelectrolyte microgels based on poly-N-isopropylacrylamide: influence of charge density on microgel properties, binding of poly-diallyldimethylammonium chloride, and properties of polyelectrolyte complexes. Colloid Polym Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-011-2401-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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26
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Wang X, Zhang L, Wang L, Sun J, Shen J. Layer-by-layer assembled polyampholyte microgel films for simultaneous release of anionic and cationic molecules. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:8187-94. [PMID: 20148538 DOI: 10.1021/la904558h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A facile layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly method for the fabrication of matrix films capable of coloading and simultaneous release of oppositely charged molecules has been established by using polyampholyte microgels as building blocks. Polyampholyte microgels (named PAH-D-CO(2)) containing amine and carbamate groups were LbL assembled with polyanion poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) to produce PAH-D-CO(2)/PSS multilayer films. The successful fabrication of PAH-D-CO(2)/PSS multilayer films was verified by quartz crystal microbalance measurements and cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy. Anionic methyl orange and cationic rhodamine 6G were coloaded into PAH-D-CO(2)/PSS multilayer films because of the electrostatic interaction of these dyes with amine and carbamate groups in the PAH-D-CO(2)/PSS microgel films. The abundance of amine and carbamate groups as well as the swelling capacity of PAH-D-CO(2) microgels guarantees the high loading capacity of the PAH-D-CO(2)/PSS multilayer films toward the anionic and cationic dyes. Methyl orange and rhodamine 6G were simultaneously released from PAH-D-CO(2)/PSS multilayer films when immersing the dye-loaded films into 0.9% normal saline. The releasing behaviors of the polyampholyte microgel films can be tailored by capping the PAH-D-CO(2)/PSS films with barrier layers. The polyampholyte microgel films of PAH-D-CO(2)/PSS are expected to be widely useful as matrixes for coloading oppositely charged functional guest materials such as drugs and even for their controlled release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China 130012
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27
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Schachschal S, Balaceanu A, Melian C, Demco DE, Eckert T, Richtering W, Pich A. Polyampholyte Microgels with Anionic Core and Cationic Shell. Macromolecules 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ma100184h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susann Schachschal
- Department of Macromolecular Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, D-01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreea Balaceanu
- DWI RWTH Aachen e.V., Institut of Technical and Macromolekular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 8, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Claudiu Melian
- DWI RWTH Aachen e.V., Institut of Technical and Macromolekular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 8, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Dan E. Demco
- DWI RWTH Aachen e.V., Institut of Technical and Macromolekular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 8, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Eckert
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Walter Richtering
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrij Pich
- DWI RWTH Aachen e.V., Institut of Technical and Macromolekular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 8, D-52056 Aachen, Germany
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28
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Christodoulakis KE, Vamvakaki M. Amphoteric core-shell microgels: contraphilic two-compartment colloidal particles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2010; 26:639-647. [PMID: 19754064 DOI: 10.1021/la902231b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
pH-responsive amphoteric core-shell microgel particles were synthesized by emulsion copolymerization of the appropriate functional monomers with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the cross-linker. 2-(Diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DEA) was used as the ionizable basic monomer, and tert-butyl methacrylate served as the hydrophobic monomer precursor, which gave the methacrylic acid (MAA) moieties following acid hydrolysis of the ester groups. The core of the polyampholyte microgels comprised a cross-linked poly(2-(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PDEA) or poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) network surrounded by a cross-linked PMAA or PDEA shell, respectively. A polyampholyte random copolymer microgel with the DEA and MAA units randomly distributed within the gel phase was also prepared. Scanning electron microscopy studies showed spherical particles of a narrow size distribution, and transmission electron microscopy verified the core-shell topology of the particles. Potentiometric titration curves revealed two plateau regions for the polyampholyte core-shell microgels attributed to the independent ionization process of the core and the shell of the particles, in contrast to the random copolymer microgel particles that exhibited a single plateau region as a result of the simultaneous protonation/deprotonation process of the basic and acidic moieties of the microgels. The core and the shell of the particles were found to swell independently upon ionization of the DEA or MAA moieties at low or high pH, respectively, whereas collapsed latex particles were obtained in the intermediate pH range when both the core and the shell of the particles were neutral, in agreement with the potentiometric titration data. These core-shell microgels comprise novel two-compartment nanostructures that exhibit contraphilic properties in the core and the shell of the particles in response to a single external stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostas E Christodoulakis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, P.O. Box 1527, 711 10 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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29
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Pich A, Richtering W. Microgels by Precipitation Polymerization: Synthesis, Characterization, and Functionalization. CHEMICAL DESIGN OF RESPONSIVE MICROGELS 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2010_70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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30
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Preparation and characterization of poly (N-isopropylacrylamide)/polyvinylamine core-shell microgels. Colloid Polym Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-009-2095-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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31
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Bradley M, Liu D, Keddie JL, Vincent B, Burnett G. The uptake and release of cationic surfactant from polyampholyte microgel particles in dispersion and as an adsorbed monolayer. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:9677-9683. [PMID: 19705880 DOI: 10.1021/la900917v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The use of novel polyampholyte microgel particles for the controlled absorption and release of a cationic surfactant has been investigated. The addition of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) to aqueous dispersions of poly(2-diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid (DEAEM-co-MAAc) microgel particles has been studied with respect to CPC concentration and solution pH. CPC was found to absorb into the polyampholyte microgel particles, resulting in reduced hydrodynamic diameter and electrophoretic mobility, when added to microgel dispersion at pH 11. Strong desorption could be induced by switching the pH from 11 to 3, with most of the desorption occurring in the region of the isoelectric pH of the particles. The properties of surface-adsorbed monolayers of polyampholyte microgel particles were also investigated, both in the presence and absence of CPC. The substrate surface charge was found to influence the swelling profile of the adsorbed microgel monolayers. The interaction of CPC surfactant with monolayers of adsorbed microgel particles shows strong correlations with the interaction of CPC surfactant with microgel particles in dispersion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Bradley
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TS, U.K
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32
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Valencia J, Baselga J, Pierola IF. Compression elastic modulus of neutral, ionic, and amphoteric hydrogels based onN-vinylimidazole. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.21712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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33
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Meng Z, Cho JK, Breedveld V, Lyon LA. Physical Aging and Phase Behavior of Multiresponsive Microgel Colloidal Dispersions. J Phys Chem B 2009; 113:4590-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp8104979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Meng
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience, and School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Jae Kyu Cho
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience, and School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - Victor Breedveld
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience, and School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
| | - L. Andrew Lyon
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering & Bioscience, and School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
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34
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Bradley M, Vincent B, Burnett G. Uptake and release of surfactants from polyampholyte microgel particles. Colloid Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-008-1978-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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35
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Wong JE, Díez-Pascual AM, Richtering W. Layer-by-Layer Assembly of Polyelectrolyte Multilayers on Thermoresponsive P(NiPAM-co-MAA) Microgel: Effect of Ionic Strength and Molecular Weight. Macromolecules 2008. [DOI: 10.1021/ma802072c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John E. Wong
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Ana M. Díez-Pascual
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Walter Richtering
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 2, 52056 Aachen, Germany
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36
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Brugger B, Rosen BA, Richtering W. Microgels as stimuli-responsive stabilizers for emulsions. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:12202-12208. [PMID: 18839977 DOI: 10.1021/la8015854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Temperature- and pH-sensitive microgels from cross-linked poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-co-methacrylic acid are utilized for emulsion stabilization. The pH- and temperature-dependent stability of the prepared emulsion was characterized. Stable emulsions are obtained at high pH and room temperature. Emulsions with polar oils, like 1-octanol, can be broken by either addition of acid or an increase of temperature, whereas emulsions with unpolar oils do not break upon these stimuli. However, complete phase separation, independent of oil polarity, can be achieved by successive acid addition and heating. This procedure also offers a way to recover and recycle the microgel from the sample. Interfacial dilatational rheology data correlate with the stimuli sensitivity of the emulsion, and a strong dependence of the interfacial elastic and loss moduli on pH and temperature was found. The influence of the preparation method on the type of emulsion is demonstrated. The mean droplet size of the emulsions is characterized by means of flow particle image analysis. The type of emulsion [water in oil (w/o) or oil in water (o/w)] depends on the preparation technique as well as on the microgel content. Emulsification with high shear rates allows preparation of both w/o and o/w emulsions, whereas with low shear rates o/w emulsions are the preferred type. The emulsions are stable at high pH and low temperature, but instable at low pH and high temperature. Therefore, we conclude that poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-co-methacrylic acid microgels can be used as stimuli-sensitive stabilizers for emulsions. This offers a new and unique way to control emulsion stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bastian Brugger
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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37
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Janovák L, Varga J, Kemény L, Dékány I. Investigation of the structure and swelling of poly(N-isopropyl-acrylamide-acrylamide) and poly(N-isopropyl-acrylamide-acrylic acid) based copolymer and composite hydrogels. Colloid Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-008-1933-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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38
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Interactions of poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) with various salts studied by size exclusion chromatography. Colloid Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-008-1915-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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39
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Ho BS, Tan BH, Tan JPK, Tam KC. Inverse microemulsion polymerization of sterically stabilized polyampholyte microgels. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2008; 24:7698-7703. [PMID: 18582126 DOI: 10.1021/la703852p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Polyampholyte microgels consisting of various compositions of poly(methacrylic acid) and poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) (PMAA-PDMA) cross-linked with allyl methacrylate (AM) were synthesized via the inverse microemulsion polymerization (IMEP) technique. To improve colloidal stability at the isoelectric point (IEP), steric stabilization via the grafting of poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate (PEGMA) on the surface of the microgel was performed. Potentiometric and conductometric titration showed good agreement between the targeted and experimental compositions of the microgel systems. The microgel swelled at low and high pH and possessed a compact structure near the IEP, and the diameter were in good agreement with data from the transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analyses. With increasing pH, the mobility decreased from +2 m(2)s(-1)V (1) at pH 2 to -2 m(2)s(-1)V (1) at pH 10. An empirical relationship describing the PMAA composition and IEP was proposed, where the IEP decreased with increasing PMAA content. The microgel exhibited thermal-responsive properties at high pH, which is dictated by the lower critical solution temperature of PDMA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beng S Ho
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50, Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798
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40
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Shang J, Shao Z, Chen X. Electrical Behavior of a Natural Polyelectrolyte Hydrogel: Chitosan/Carboxymethylcellulose Hydrogel. Biomacromolecules 2008; 9:1208-13. [DOI: 10.1021/bm701204j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers of MOE, Department of Macromolecular Science, Advanced Material Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengzhong Shao
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers of MOE, Department of Macromolecular Science, Advanced Material Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xin Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers of MOE, Department of Macromolecular Science, Advanced Material Laboratory, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, People’s Republic of China
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41
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Tan BH, Tam KC. Review on the dynamics and micro-structure of pH-responsive nano-colloidal systems. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2008; 136:25-44. [PMID: 17707760 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2007.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2007] [Revised: 07/05/2007] [Accepted: 07/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This review presents an overview on the research on pH-responsive microgel particles in the last 10 years. Microgels are cross-linked latex particles that are swollen in a good solvent. Significant quantitative studies have been conducted to investigate the swelling behavior (microscopic) and rheological (macroscopic) properties of the pH-responsive microgel particles as a function of neutralization degree, ionic strength, and cross-linked density. Mono-dispersed, alkali-swellable microgels containing carboxylic acid lattices, whose properties display extreme pH sensitivity in water is considered in detail in terms of swelling behavior and rheological properties. Their stability in solution and ability to undergo reversible volume phase transitions in response to pH makes them ideal model systems for the development of a semi-empirical as well as theoretical approach for predicting the viscosity of dilute and concentrated hard and soft sphere systems. The review concludes with a discussion of some recent applications of pH-responsive microgel particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beng H Tan
- School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore 639798, Singapore
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42
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Molina MJ, Gómez-Antón MR, Piérola IF. Determination of the Parameters Controlling Swelling of Chemically Cross-Linked pH-Sensitive Poly(N-vinylimidazole) Hydrogels. J Phys Chem B 2007; 111:12066-74. [DOI: 10.1021/jp074385k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Jesús Molina
- Departamento de Ciencias y Técnicas Fisicoquímicas, Facultad de Ciencias, and Departamento de Química Aplicada a la Ingeniería, ETSI Industriales, Universidad a Distancia (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M. Rosa Gómez-Antón
- Departamento de Ciencias y Técnicas Fisicoquímicas, Facultad de Ciencias, and Departamento de Química Aplicada a la Ingeniería, ETSI Industriales, Universidad a Distancia (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés F. Piérola
- Departamento de Ciencias y Técnicas Fisicoquímicas, Facultad de Ciencias, and Departamento de Química Aplicada a la Ingeniería, ETSI Industriales, Universidad a Distancia (UNED), 28040 Madrid, Spain
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43
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44
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Cai J, Guo J, Ji M, Yang W, Wang C, Fu S. Preparation and characterization of multiresponsive polymer composite microspheres with core–shell structure. Colloid Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-007-1735-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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45
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Abstract
Biocompatible, polyampholyte microgel particles have been prepared by the acid hydrolysis of t-butyl groups within (2-diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate-co-t-butyl methacrylate microgel particles to give (2-diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid microgel particles. The hydrodynamic diameter and electrophoretic mobility of both the pre-hydrolyzed and post-hydrolyzed microgel particles have been investigated as a function of pH for three microgel dispersions differing in their monomer compositions. The swelling properties and isoelectric point pH are shown to depend on the monomer composition.
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46
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Valencia J, Piérola IF. Interpretation of the polyelectrolyte and antipolyelectrolyte effects of poly(N-vinylimidazole-co-sodium styrenesulfonate) hydrogels. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/polb.21194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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