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Chaiyasat P, Kamlangmak N, Hangmi K, Rattanawongwiboon T, Chaiyasat A. Fabrication of cellulose-based particles/capsules using gamma radiation-initiated radical precipitation polymerization. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2022.2132249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Preeyaporn Chaiyasat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology, Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani, Thailand
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Advanced Materials Design and Development (AMDD) Research Unit, Rajamangala University of Technology, Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Netnapha Kamlangmak
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology, Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | - Kanokporn Hangmi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology, Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani, Thailand
| | | | - Amorn Chaiyasat
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, Rajamangala University of Technology, Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani, Thailand
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Advanced Materials Design and Development (AMDD) Research Unit, Rajamangala University of Technology, Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani, Thailand
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UV-activated coating polymer particle containing quaternary ammonium for antimicrobial fabrics. Colloid Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-022-04946-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Kobayashi H, Suzuki T, Chaiyasat A, Okubo M. Incorporation Behavior of Nonionic Emulsifiers inside Particles and Secondary Particle Nucleation during Emulsion Polymerization of Styrene. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:9747-9755. [PMID: 32787126 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c01196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In previous studies, it was found that a large amount of the polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether nonionic emulsifier, Emulgen 911 (E911), was incorporated inside polymer particles obtained at the completion of a conventional emulsion polymerization with potassium persulfate as a typical water-soluble initiator. In this study, to understand the incorporation phenomenon in more detail, the incorporation behavior during a batch emulsion polymerization of styrene was investigated. The percentage of E911 incorporated inside polystyrene (PS) particles relative to the total weight of E911 used in the polymerization increased to 18% until 50% conversion and then decreased and levelled off to 13% at 70-80% conversion. A similar incorporation behavior was observed in a seeded emulsion polymerization of styrene, in which E911 was added to an emulsifier-free PS seed emulsion to set the same E911 concentration as the batch emulsion polymerization before swelling of the PS seed particles with styrene at 70 °C for 24 h. These indicate that E911 molecules absorbed once into styrene-swollen PS particles partially exited therefrom into the aqueous medium during the polymerizations. When the E911 concentration in the aqueous medium is kept above the critical micelle concentration for a long period by the repartitioning process of E911 from styrene droplets into styrene-swollen particles via aqueous medium and/or exiting from the styrene-swollen particles into the aqueous medium, secondary particle nucleation continues during the polymerization, resulting in PS particles having a broad size distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Toyoko Suzuki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Amorn Chaiyasat
- College of Materials Innovation, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Klong 6, Thanyaburi, Khlong Hok, Pathum Thani 12110, Thailand
| | - Masayoshi Okubo
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- College of Materials Innovation, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Klong 6, Thanyaburi, Khlong Hok, Pathum Thani 12110, Thailand
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Huang C, Kobayashi H, Moritaka M, Okubo M. Hollow particles are produced by the burying of sulfate end-groups inside particles prepared by emulsion polymerization of styrene with potassium persulfate as initiator in the absence/presence of a nonionic emulsifier. Polym Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7py01608e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We resolved the longtime enigma in emulsion polymerization of styrene with K2S2O8 by showing the fact that hollow polystyrene particles were successfully prepared by heat treatment in the emulsion state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chujuan Huang
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
| | | | - Mineho Moritaka
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kobe University
- Kobe 657-8501
- Japan
| | - Masayoshi Okubo
- Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM)
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing 210009
- China
- Graduate School of Engineering
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Qian X, Zhu A, Ji L. Organosilicone modified styrene-acrylic latex: preparation and application. Polym Bull (Berl) 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-013-0958-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Matsusaka N, Suzuki T, Okubo M. Effect of partitioning of monomer and emulsifier in aqueous media on particle formation in emulsion homopolymerization of hydrophobic and hydrophilic monomers with a nonionic emulsifier. Polym J 2012. [DOI: 10.1038/pj.2012.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Matsusaka N, Suzuki T, Okubo M. Effects of stirring prior to starting emulsion polymerization of styrene with nonionic emulsifier on particle formation and its incorporation. Colloid Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-012-2593-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Haipu L, Suzuki T, Okubo M. Formation of Nonspherical Particles with Uneven Surface in Emulsion Copolymerization of Styrene and Methacrylic Acid with Nonionic Emulsifier. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.201050205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Kobayashi H, Chaiyasat A, Oshima Y, Suzuki T, Okubo M. Incorporation of nonionic emulsifier inside carboxylated polymer particles during emulsion copolymerization: influence of methacrylic acid content. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2009; 25:101-106. [PMID: 19053645 DOI: 10.1021/la8021003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The influence of the methacrylic acid (MAA) content (0-10 mol %) on the incorporation of polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether (Emulgen 911, HLB 13.7) nonionic emulsifier inside polymer particles during emulsion copolymerization of styrene (S) and MAA was investigated. The amount of incorporated emulsifier after centrifugal washing with 2-propanol to remove adsorbed emulsifier from the surfaces was directly measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and (1)H NMR. The level of incorporation increased with increasing MAA content and reached 74% of the total amount of emulsifier at 10 mol % MAA. At lower MAA contents (0-3 mol %), the particle size distribution was bimodal because of formation of new particles by secondary nucleation. However, only limited secondary nucleation occurred at higher MAA contents (6-10 mol %), and monodisperse particles were thus obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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Kobayashi H, Suzuki T, Moritaka M, Miyanaga E, Okubo M. Preparation of multihollow polystyrene particles by seeded emulsion polymerization using seed particles with incorporated nonionic emulsifier: effect of temperature. Colloid Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-008-1983-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wang H, Wang M, Ge X. One-step fabrication of multihollow polystyrene particles from miniemulsion system with nonionic surfactant. POLYMER 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Incorporation of nonionic emulsifiers inside styrene–methacrylic acid copolymer particles during emulsion copolymerization. POLYMER 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2008.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Kagawa Y, Kawasaki M, Zetterlund PB, Minami H, Okubo M. Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization ofiso-Butyl Methacrylate in Microemulsion with Cationic and Non-Ionic Emulsifiers. Macromol Rapid Commun 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.200700577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Saito N, Nakatsuru R, Kagari Y, Okubo M. Formation of "snowmanlike" polystyrene/poly(methyl methacrylate)/toluene droplets dispersed in an aqueous solution of a nonionic surfactant at thermodynamic equilibrium. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:11506-11512. [PMID: 17929841 DOI: 10.1021/la701388w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
"Snowmanlike" polystyrene (PS)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) composite particles were prepared by evaporation of toluene from PS/PMMA/toluene droplets dispersed in an aqueous solution of polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether surfactant (Emulgen 911). Partitioning experiments revealed that the Emulgen 911 concentration was higher in the droplets than in the aqueous solution during toluene evaporation. As a consequence, the interfacial tensions between the polymer phases (PS and PMMA) and the aqueous phase (gammaP-T/W) were extraordinarily low (approximately 10(-1) mN/m). The interfacial tension between the PS and PMMA phases containing toluene (gammaPS-T/PMMA-T) measured by the spinning drop method was not affected by the presence of Emulgen 911. Based on minimization of the total interfacial free energy at a polymer weight fraction in the toluene droplet of 0.17, the formation of spherical droplets is expected, in agreement with experiment. The subsequent morphology change of the PS/PMMA/toluene droplets from spherical to snowmanlike during toluene evaporation under thermodynamic equilibrium is attributed to (i) the low values of gammaP-T/W, which explains the increase in the interfacial area between the droplets and the aqueous phase, and (ii) the increase in gammaPS-T/PMMA-T with increasing polymer weight fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohiko Saito
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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Preparation of divinylbenzene copolymer particles with encapsulated hexadecane for heat storage application. Colloid Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-007-1764-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Kobayashi H, Miyanaga E, Okubo M. Preparation of multihollow polymer particles by seeded emulsion polymerization using seed particles with incorporated nonionic emulsifier. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:8703-8. [PMID: 17625900 DOI: 10.1021/la7010748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Emulsion polymerizations of styrene using poly(oxyethylene) nonylphenyl ether nonionic emulsifier were carried out at different emulsifier and initiator (potassium persulfate, KPS) concentrations to prepare polystyrene (PS) seed particles with incorporated nonionic emulsifier. Seeded emulsion polymerizations of styrene using the PS seed particles with different amounts of incorporated emulsifier were carried out to develop a novel method for the preparation of multihollow particles. When seed particles with a small amount of incorporated emulsifier were used, non-hollow spherical particles were prepared. However, multihollow particles were obtained in the case of seed particles with a large amount of incorporated emulsifier. Moreover, the higher the initiator concentration in the preparation of seed particles, the more effectively were hollow particles prepared. On the basis of the above results, a mechanism for the formation of multihollow structure was suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Kobayashi
- Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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Saito N, Takekoh R, Nakatsuru R, Okubo M. Effect of stabilizer on formation of "onionlike" multilayered polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) particles. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:5978-83. [PMID: 17444665 DOI: 10.1021/la063654f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The effect of the kind of stabilizers on the formation of "onionlike" multilayered polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) particles was studied. The release of toluene from PS-b-PMMA/toluene droplets dispersed in aqueous medium resulted in the formation of onionlike multilayered structures in the particles for all stabilizers used. However, the surface composition of the particles was strongly affected by the kind of stabilizer. When sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) were used as stabilizers, the surface of the particles was occupied by PMMA phase. On the other hand, in the cases of Emulgen 911 (polyoxyethylene nonylphenyl ether) and Tween 80 (polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate) as stabilizers, the PS phase occupied the surfaces. These results for SDS, PVA, and Emulgen 911 are consistent with the surface layer of the PS-b-PMMA particles being occupied by the polymer phase, which gives a lower interfacial tension than that of another phase. However, in the case of Tween 80, interfacial tensions between water and toluene solutions of the polymer showed almost the same values making it impossible to predict the surface polymer phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohiko Saito
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, and Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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