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Du M, Wang H, Ye X, Qian K, Wang J. Effect of Sepiolite on the Field-Dependent Normal Force of Magnetorheological Grease. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:5627. [PMID: 37629918 PMCID: PMC10456283 DOI: 10.3390/ma16165627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
In order to investigate the influence of sepiolite minerals on the normal force of magnetorheological grease (MRG), a mixed sample (ALCH) on the basis of preparing an aluminum-lithium-based magnetorheological grease (base sample ALC), containing sepiolite was further prepared. The field-dependent normal force of the two samples was tested using a rotational rheometer, considering conditions such as magnetic field, time, strain amplitude, frequency, and temperature, and the results were compared. The results indicate that sepiolite limits the field dependent normal force of the magnetorheological grease under steady state shear, and is unaffected by magnetic field, time, temperature, and shear rate. Sepiolite has minimal impact on the transient response of the magnetorheological grease. Under oscillatory shear, the magnetic field is an important factor influencing the field-dependent normal force response of the sepiolite-magnetorheological grease (ALCH). At low magnetic fields, the field-dependent normal force of the sepiolite-containing sample (ALCH) is greater than that of the base sample (ALC), while this relationship is reversed at high magnetic fields, unaffected by other factors. Under long-term shear conditions, both samples exhibit good shear stability, as well as consistency at different frequencies and strain amplitudes. However, an increase in shear rate reduces the normal force, and temperature also affects the field-dependent normal force. The patterns of variation in steady-state and oscillatory shear modes are not entirely the same, but both exhibit a characteristic decrease with increasing temperature under high magnetic field intensities. Sepiolite can reduce the temperature sensitivity of the normal force of the magnetorheological grease. In conclusion, the introduction of sepiolite is beneficial for the application of magnetorheology in high-precision devices.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jiong Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China (X.Y.)
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Nugroho KC, Ubaidillah U, Arilasita R, Margono M, Priyambodo BH, Purnama B, Mazlan SA, Choi SB. The Effect of Sr-CoFe 2O 4 Nanoparticles with Different Particles Sized as Additives in CIP-Based Magnetorheological Fluid. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14133684. [PMID: 34279258 PMCID: PMC8269863 DOI: 10.3390/ma14133684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of adding strontium (Sr)-doped cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles in carbonyl iron particle (CIP)-based magnetorheological fluids (MRFs). Sr-CoFe2O4 nanoparticles were fabricated at different particle sizes using co-precipitation at calcination temperatures of 300 and 400 °C. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) was used to evaluate the morphology of the Sr-CoFe2O4 nanoparticles, which were found to be spherical. The average grain sizes were 71-91 nm and 118-157 nm for nanoparticles that had been calcinated at 300 and 400 °C, respectively. As such, higher calcination temperatures were found to produce larger-sized Sr-CoFe2O4 nanoparticles. To investigate the rheological effects that Sr-CoFe2O4 nanoparticles have on CIP-based MRF, three MRF samples were prepared: (1) CIP-based MRF without nanoparticle additives (CIP-based MRF), (2) CIP-based MRF with Sr-CoFe2O4 nanoparticles calcinated at 300 °C (MRF CIP+Sr-CoFe2O4-T300), and (3) CIP-based MRF with Sr-CoFe2O4 nanoparticles calcinated at 400 °C (MRF CIP+Sr-CoFe2O4-T400). The rheological properties of these MRF samples were then observed at room temperature using a rheometer with a parallel plate at a gap of 1 mm. Dispersion stability tests were also performed to determine the sedimentation ratio of the three CIP-based MRF samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacuk Cikal Nugroho
- Mechanical Engineering, Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Warga Surakarta, Sukoharjo 57552, Indonesia; (K.C.N.); (M.M.); (B.H.P.)
| | - Ubaidillah Ubaidillah
- Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia
- Correspondence: (U.U.); (S.-B.C.)
| | - Retna Arilasita
- Department of Physics, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia; (R.A.); (B.P.)
| | - Margono Margono
- Mechanical Engineering, Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Warga Surakarta, Sukoharjo 57552, Indonesia; (K.C.N.); (M.M.); (B.H.P.)
| | - Bambang Hari Priyambodo
- Mechanical Engineering, Sekolah Tinggi Teknologi Warga Surakarta, Sukoharjo 57552, Indonesia; (K.C.N.); (M.M.); (B.H.P.)
| | - Budi Purnama
- Department of Physics, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta 57126, Indonesia; (R.A.); (B.P.)
| | - Saiful Amri Mazlan
- Malaysia Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 54100, Malaysia;
| | - Seung-Bok Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The State University of New York, Korea (SUNY Korea), Incheon 21985, Korea
- Correspondence: (U.U.); (S.-B.C.)
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Shixu L, Jing Z, Jun L, Jie F, Miao Y, Song Q. Enhancing Effect of Fe 3O 4/Nanolignocelluloses in Magnetorheological Fluid. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:7176-7184. [PMID: 34096304 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c00740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Magnetorheological fluid (MRF) is an intelligent material, which can be controlled by an external magnetic field. It is widely used in damping, finishing, mechanical transmission, sealing, and other engineering fields due to its magnetorheological (MR) effect. However, despite decades of research and experimental development, the wide application of MRF is still restricted by its serious settlement problem owing to the density difference between the magnetic particles and carrier liquid. Here, using the coprecipitation method, a kind of Fe3O4-modified nanolignocellulose (Fe3O4/NLC) composite fiber was characterized by its unique advantages such as low density, soft magnetism property, and high specific surface. These Fe3O4/NLCs were used as a kind of reinforcing particle with carbonyl iron powder in the new bidisperse MRF system. The performances of MRF samples were enhanced by these superior properties. We found that all MRF samples with composite fibers exhibited excellent antisettlement and dynamic mechanical characteristics and cooperativity between Fe3O4 and NLCs. Furthermore, redispersibility of MRF is qualitatively evaluated by a shearing test in this paper, explaining the high property of antihardening. This composite fiber improves the comprehensive performance of MRF and has the potential to be repeatedly used in engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Shixu
- Key Lab for Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Zhou Jing
- Chongqing Jialing Special Equipment Co. Ltd, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Liu Jun
- Key Lab for Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Fu Jie
- Key Lab for Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Yu Miao
- Key Lab for Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Qi Song
- Key Lab for Optoelectronic Technology and Systems, Ministry of Education, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
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Lu Q, Choi K, Nam JD, Choi HJ. Magnetic Polymer Composite Particles: Design and Magnetorheology. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:512. [PMID: 33567794 PMCID: PMC7915058 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As a family of smart functional hybrid materials, magnetic polymer composite particles have attracted considerable attention owing to their outstanding magnetism, dispersion stability, and fine biocompatibility. This review covers their magnetorheological properties, namely, flow curve, yield stress, and viscoelastic behavior, along with their synthesis. Preparation methods and characteristics of different types of magnetic composite particles are presented. Apart from the research progress in magnetic polymer composite synthesis, we also discuss prospects of this promising research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Lu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea;
- Program of Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Kisuk Choi
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (K.C.); (J.-D.N.)
| | - Jae-Do Nam
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (K.C.); (J.-D.N.)
| | - Hyoung Jin Choi
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea;
- Program of Environmental and Polymer Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
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Abstract
Magnetic Soft Matter is a rapidly evolving discipline with fundamental and practical interest. This is due to the fact that its physical properties can be easily controlled through external magnetic fields. In this review paper, we revisit the most recent progress in the field (since 2010) emphasizing the rheological properties of these fascinating materials. New formulations and flow kinematics are discussed. Also, new members are integrated into the long-lived magnetorheology family and suggestions are provided for future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose R Morillas
- Biocolloid and Fluid Physics Group and Excellence Research Unit 'Modeling Nature' (MNat), Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, C/Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 - Granada, Spain.
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Palygorskite modified with N-doped carbon for sensitive determination of lead(II) by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry. Mikrochim Acta 2019; 186:706. [PMID: 31637521 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-019-3843-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was coated with N-doped carbon-modified palygorskite and used as an electrochemical sensor for determination of Pb(II) by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry. To obtain high reproducibility and sensitivity, optimum experimental conditions for lead deposition are studied. Voltammetric responses of the modified GCE prepared with different ratios of carbon and palygorskite are examined under same conditions. Compared with a bare GCE, a N-doped carbon modified/GCE and a bismuth-modified GCE, N-doped carbon-modified palygorskite greatly improves the performance of GCE. Response is the best and the interfacial impedance is minimized if the fraction of carbon coating is 31%. This indicates that its performance is due to the synergies between palygorskite and N-doped carbon. Figures of merit for the modified GCE include (a) a preconcentration time of 180 s, (b) a detection limit of 0.42 μg·L-1 (2σ criterion), and (c) a linear response in the 4.0 μg·L-1 to 10.0 mg·L-1 Pb(II) concentration range. The method is successfully applied to the determination of Pb(II) in spiked tape water and gives recoveries between 97.1 and 104.3%. Graphical abstract Schematic representation of different adsorption sites of Pb(II) and the optimal carbon content. The wide detection range is attributed to the synergetic effect of N-doped carbon modified palygorskite.
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Xu C, Qi J, Yang W, Chen Y, Yang C, He Y, Wang J, Lin A. Immobilization of heavy metals in vegetable-growing soils using nano zero-valent iron modified attapulgite clay. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 686:476-483. [PMID: 31185396 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, the problem of heavy metal pollution in vegetables is received wide attention. In this work, attapulgite clay (ATTP), as a cheap and readily available inorganic mineral material, was modified with nano zero-valent iron (nFe0@ATTP) for heavy metal immobilization in soil. Batch experiments were employed to evaluate the optimal remediation performance by ATTP before and after modified with nFe0 through planting Pakchoi (Brassica chinesis L.) in Cd, Cr, and Pb contaminated soil from Changsha. The results showed that amendments can all increase the pH value of soils, and notably decrease the concentration of extractable Cd, Cr, and Pb in soil. The germination rate and root length of Pakchoi were promoted, and the activities of peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were notably reduced besides superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity after treatments with ATTP and nFe0@ATTP. Vicia faba-micronucleus test indicated that the application of amendments reduced the toxicity of heavy metals on the genetic material of Vicia faba root tip cells. The nFe0@ATTP were found to well convert Cd, Cr, and Pb into less bioavailable state in soil, thus blocking heavy metal uptake by plants. This material could be a promising amendment for heavy metals contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congbin Xu
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China; College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Jia Qi
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Wenjie Yang
- Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing 100012, PR China
| | - Ying Chen
- Environmental Development Centre of Ministry of Environmental Protection, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Chen Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Yali He
- College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271000, PR China.
| | - Aijun Lin
- College of Chemical Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
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Lee JH, Choi HJ. Synthesis of core-shell formed carbonyl iron/polydiphenylamine particles and their rheological response under applied magnetic fields. Colloid Polym Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-018-4405-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Effect of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles on a carbonyl iron based magnetorheological suspension. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Tan L, He M, Tang A, Chen J. Preparation and Enhanced Catalytic Hydrogenation Activity of Sb/Palygorskite (PAL) Nanoparticles. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2017; 12:460. [PMID: 28724266 PMCID: PMC5515725 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-017-2220-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A Sb/palygorskite (PAL) composite was synthesized by a facile solvothermal process and applied in catalytic hydrogenation of p-nitrophenol for the first time. It was found that the Sb nanoparticles with the sizes of 2-5 nm were well dispersed on the fiber of PAL, while partial aggregated Sb nanoparticles with sizes smaller than 200 nm were also loaded on the PAL. The Sb/PAL composite with 9.7% Sb mass amounts showed outstanding catalytic performance by raising the p-nitrophenol conversion rate to 88.3% within 5 min, which was attributed to the synergistical effect of Sb and PAL nanoparticles facilitating the adsorption and catalytic hydrogenation of p-nitrophenol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Tan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 China
| | - Muen He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 China
| | - Aidong Tang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083 China
| | - Jing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Palygorskite Science and Applied Technology of Jiangsu Province, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003 People’s Republic of China
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Microcrystalline cellulose added carbonyl iron suspension and its magnetorheology. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2016.11.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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