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Cruz-Benítez MM, Gónzalez-Morones P, Hernández-Hernández E, Villagómez-Ibarra JR, Castro-Rosas J, Rangel-Vargas E, Fonseca-Florido HA, Gómez-Aldapa CA. Covalent Functionalization of Graphene Oxide with Fructose, Starch, and Micro-Cellulose by Sonochemistry. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:490. [PMID: 33557420 PMCID: PMC7915305 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we report the synthesis of graphene oxide (GO) nanohybrids with starch, fructose, and micro-cellulose molecules by sonication in an aqueous medium at 90 °C and a short reaction time (30 min). The final product was washed with solvents to extract the nanohybrids and separate them from the organic molecules not grafted onto the GO surface. Nanohybrids were chemically characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and Raman spectroscopy and analyzed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). These results indicate that the ultrasound energy promoted a chemical reaction between GO and the organic molecules in a short time (30 min). The chemical characterization of these nanohybrids confirms their covalent bond, obtaining a grafting percentage above 40% the weight in these nanohybrids. This hybridization creates nanometric and millimetric nanohybrid particles. In addition, the grafted organic molecules can be crystallized on GO films. Interference in the ultrasound waves of starch hybrids is due to the increase in viscosity, leading to a partial hybridization of GO with starch.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Montserrat Cruz-Benítez
- Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Carretera Pachuca—Tulancingo km 4.5, C.P. 42184 Mineral de la Reforma, Mexico; (M.M.C.-B.); (J.R.V.-I.); (J.C.-R.); (E.R.-V.)
| | - Pablo Gónzalez-Morones
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada (CIQA), Boulevard Enrique Reyna Hermosillo, No. 140, C.P. 25294 Saltillo, Mexico; (P.G.-M.); (E.H.-H.)
| | - Ernesto Hernández-Hernández
- Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada (CIQA), Boulevard Enrique Reyna Hermosillo, No. 140, C.P. 25294 Saltillo, Mexico; (P.G.-M.); (E.H.-H.)
| | - José Roberto Villagómez-Ibarra
- Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Carretera Pachuca—Tulancingo km 4.5, C.P. 42184 Mineral de la Reforma, Mexico; (M.M.C.-B.); (J.R.V.-I.); (J.C.-R.); (E.R.-V.)
| | - Javier Castro-Rosas
- Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Carretera Pachuca—Tulancingo km 4.5, C.P. 42184 Mineral de la Reforma, Mexico; (M.M.C.-B.); (J.R.V.-I.); (J.C.-R.); (E.R.-V.)
| | - Esmeralda Rangel-Vargas
- Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Carretera Pachuca—Tulancingo km 4.5, C.P. 42184 Mineral de la Reforma, Mexico; (M.M.C.-B.); (J.R.V.-I.); (J.C.-R.); (E.R.-V.)
| | - Heidi Andrea Fonseca-Florido
- CONACYT, Centro de Investigación en Química Aplicada (CIQA), Blvd. Ing. Enrique Reyna H. No. 140, C.P. 25294 Saltillo, Mexico
| | - Carlos Alberto Gómez-Aldapa
- Instituto de Ciencias Básicas e Ingeniería, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ciudad del Conocimiento, Carretera Pachuca—Tulancingo km 4.5, C.P. 42184 Mineral de la Reforma, Mexico; (M.M.C.-B.); (J.R.V.-I.); (J.C.-R.); (E.R.-V.)
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Mallakpour S, Behranvand V. Application of recycled PET/carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotube composites for Cd2+ adsorption from aqueous solution: a study of morphology, thermal stability, and electrical conductivity. Colloid Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-017-4022-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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