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Abdel Gaber SA, Hamza AH, Tantawy MA, Toraih EA, Ahmed HH. Germanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Mitigate Biochemical and Molecular Changes Characterizing Alzheimer's Disease in Rats. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051386. [PMID: 37242628 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that jeopardizes the lives of diagnosed patients at late stages. This study aimed to assess, for the first time, the efficiency of germanium dioxide nanoparticles (GeO2NPs) in mitigating AD at the in vivo level compared to cerium dioxide nanoparticles (CeO2NPs). Nanoparticles were synthesized using the co-precipitation method. Their antioxidant activity was tested. For the bio-assessment, rats were randomly assigned into four groups: AD + GeO2NPs, AD + CeO2NPs, AD, and control. Serum and brain tau protein, phosphorylated tau, neurogranin, amyloid β peptide 1-42, acetylcholinesterase, and monoamine oxidase levels were measured. Brain histopathological evaluation was conducted. Furthermore, nine AD-related microRNAs were quantified. Nanoparticles were spherical with diameters ranging from 12-27 nm. GeO2NPs exhibited a stronger antioxidant activity than CeO2NPs. Serum and tissue analyses revealed the regression of AD biomarkers to almost control values upon treatment using GeO2NPs. Histopathological observations strongly supported the biochemical outcomes. Then, miR-29a-3p was down-regulated in the GeO2NPs-treated group. This pre-clinical study substantiated the scientific evidence favoring the pharmacological application of GeO2NPs and CeO2NPs in AD treatment. Our study is the first report on the efficiency of GeO2NPs in managing AD. Further studies are needed to fully understand their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara A Abdel Gaber
- Nanomedicine Department, Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El Sheikh 33516, Egypt
| | - Amal H Hamza
- Biochemistry and Nutrition Department, Faculty of Women, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Tantawy
- Hormones Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
- Stem Cell Lab, left of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Eman A Toraih
- Genetics Unit, Histology and Cell Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Hanaa H Ahmed
- Hormones Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
- Stem Cell Lab, left of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
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Limo MJ, Sola-Rabada A, Boix E, Thota V, Westcott ZC, Puddu V, Perry CC. Interactions between Metal Oxides and Biomolecules: from Fundamental Understanding to Applications. Chem Rev 2018; 118:11118-11193. [PMID: 30362737 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Metallo-oxide (MO)-based bioinorganic nanocomposites promise unique structures, physicochemical properties, and novel biochemical functionalities, and within the past decade, investment in research on materials such as ZnO, TiO2, SiO2, and GeO2 has significantly increased. Besides traditional approaches, the synthesis, shaping, structural patterning, and postprocessing chemical functionalization of the materials surface is inspired by strategies which mimic processes in nature. Would such materials deliver new technologies? Answering this question requires the merging of historical knowledge and current research from different fields of science. Practically, we need an effective defragmentation of the research area. From our perspective, the superficial accounting of material properties, chemistry of the surfaces, and the behavior of biomolecules next to such surfaces is a problem. This is particularly of concern when we wish to bridge between technologies in vitro and biotechnologies in vivo. Further, besides the potential practical technological efficiency and advantages such materials might exhibit, we have to consider the wider long-term implications of material stability and toxicity. In this contribution, we present a critical review of recent advances in the chemistry and engineering of MO-based biocomposites, highlighting the role of interactions at the interface and the techniques by which these can be studied. At the end of the article, we outline the challenges which hamper progress in research and extrapolate to developing and promising directions including additive manufacturing and synthetic biology that could benefit from molecular level understanding of interactions occurring between inanimate (abiotic) and living (biotic) materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion J Limo
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre, School of Science and Technology , Nottingham Trent University , Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS , United Kingdom.,Interface and Surface Analysis Centre, School of Pharmacy , University of Nottingham , University Park, Nottingham NG7 2RD , United Kingdom
| | - Anna Sola-Rabada
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre, School of Science and Technology , Nottingham Trent University , Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS , United Kingdom
| | - Estefania Boix
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre, School of Science and Technology , Nottingham Trent University , Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS , United Kingdom.,Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems , Aalto University , P.O. Box 16100, FI-00076 Aalto , Finland
| | - Veeranjaneyulu Thota
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre, School of Science and Technology , Nottingham Trent University , Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS , United Kingdom
| | - Zayd C Westcott
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre, School of Science and Technology , Nottingham Trent University , Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS , United Kingdom
| | - Valeria Puddu
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre, School of Science and Technology , Nottingham Trent University , Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS , United Kingdom
| | - Carole C Perry
- Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research Centre, School of Science and Technology , Nottingham Trent University , Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS , United Kingdom
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