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Sharma A, Raghunathan K, Solhaug H, Antony J, Stenvik J, Nilsen AM, Einarsrud MA, Bandyopadhyay S. Modulating acrylic acid content of nanogels for drug delivery & biocompatibility studies. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 607:76-88. [PMID: 34492356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.07.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Dual stimuli-responsive nanogels (NGs) have gained popularity in the field of bio medicine due to their versatile nature of applicability. Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-co-poly(acrylic acid) (pNIPAm-pAAc)-based NGs provide such dual stimuli-response with pNIPAm and pAAc providing thermal and pH-based responses, respectively. Studying the growth of these NGs, as well as, understanding the effect of the incorporation of pAAc in the NG matrix, is important in determining the physico-chemical properties of the NG. Studies have been conducted investigating the effect of increasing pAAc content in the NGs, however, these are not detailed in understanding its effects on the physico-chemical properties of the pNIPAm-pAAc-based NGs. Also, the biocompatibility of the NGs have not been previously reported using human whole blood model. Herein, we report the effect of different reaction parameters, such as surfactant amount and reaction atmosphere, on the growth of pNIPAm-pAAc-based NGs. It is shown that the size of the NGs can be precisely controlled from ~130 nm to ~400 nm, by varying the amount of surfactant and the reaction atmosphere. The effect of increasing incorporation of pAAc in the NG matrix on its physico-chemical properties has been investigated. The potential of these NGs as drug delivery vehicles is investigated by conducting loading and release studies of a model protein drug, cytochrome C (Cyt C) from the NGs at temperature above the volume phase transition temperature (VPTT) and acidic pH. An ex vivo human whole blood model was used to investigate biocompatibility of the NGs by quantifying inflammatory responses during NG exposure. The NGs did not induce any significant production of chemokine IL-8 or pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α), and the cell viability in human whole blood was maintained during 4 h exposure. The NGs did neither activate the complement system, as determined by low Terminal Complement Complex (TCC) activation and Complement Receptor 3 (CR3) activation assays, thereby overall suggesting that the NGs could be potential candidates for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuvansh Sharma
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway
| | - Karthik Raghunathan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway
| | - Helene Solhaug
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jibin Antony
- Department of Chemical Engineering, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway
| | - Jørgen Stenvik
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Asbjørn Magne Nilsen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mari-Ann Einarsrud
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway
| | - Sulalit Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Chemical Engineering, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Norway.
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Wang YZ, Zhong H, Li XR, Zhang XQ, Cheng ZP, Zhang ZC, Zhang YJ, Chen P, Zhang LL, Ding LS, Wang JK. Electrochemical temperature-controlled switch for nonenzymatic biosensor based on Fe3O4-PNIPAM microgels. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2019.113410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Deng F, Wang Y, Lu X, Ding T. Probing hidden colloidal transitions with the assistance of surface plasmons. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:15742-15746. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp02463h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
With the assistance of surface plasmons, a vesicle intermediate of Au@PNIPAM clusters is revealed during the cooling cycle, which is due to the co-aggregation of free PNIPAM beads and Au@PNIPAM aggregates in the heating cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Deng
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education of China
- School of Physics and Technology
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Yunxia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education of China
- School of Physics and Technology
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Xiaolin Lu
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education of China
- School of Physics and Technology
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Tao Ding
- Key Laboratory of Artificial Micro- and Nano-structures of Ministry of Education of China
- School of Physics and Technology
- Wuhan University
- Wuhan
- China
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Raju R, Bandyopadhyay S, Sharma A, Gonzalez SV, Carlsen PH, Gautun OR, Glomm WR. Synthesis, Characterization and Drug Loading of Multiresponsive p[NIPAm-co-PEGMA] (core)/p[NIPAm-co-AAc] (Shell) Nanogels with Monodisperse Size Distributions. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E309. [PMID: 30966344 PMCID: PMC6414958 DOI: 10.3390/polym10030309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the synthesis and properties of temperature- and pH-responsive p([NIPAm-co-PEGMA] (core)/[NIPAm-co-AAc] (shell)) nanogels with narrow size distributions, tunable sizes and increased drug loading efficiencies. The core-shell nanogels were synthesized using an optimized two-stage seeded polymerization methodology. The core-shell nanogels show a narrow size distribution and controllable physico-chemical properties. The hydrodynamic sizes, charge distributions, temperature-induced volume phase transition behaviors, pH-responsive behaviors and drug loading capabilities of the core-shell nanogels were investigated using transmission electron microscopy, zeta potential measurements, dynamic light scattering and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The size of the core-shell nanogels was controlled by polymerizing NIPAm with crosslinker poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) of different molecular weights (Mn-200, 400, 550 and 750 g/mol) during the core synthesis. It was found that the swelling/deswelling kinetics of the nanogels was sharp and reversible; with its volume phase transition temperature in the range of 40⁻42 °C. Furthermore, the nanogels loaded with l-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA), using a modified breathing-in mechanism, showed high loading and encapsulation efficiencies, providing potential possibilities of such nanogels for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Raju
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Sulalit Bandyopadhyay
- Ugelstad Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Anuvansh Sharma
- Ugelstad Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Susana Villa Gonzalez
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Per Henning Carlsen
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Odd Reidar Gautun
- Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Wilhelm Robert Glomm
- Polymer Particles and Surface Chemistry Research Group, SINTEF Industry, N-7465 Trondheim, Norway.
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Bandyopadhyay S, Sharma A, Glomm WR. The Influence of Differently Shaped Gold Nanoparticles Functionalized with NIPAM-Based Hydrogels on the Release of Cytochrome C. Gels 2017; 3:E42. [PMID: 30920537 PMCID: PMC6318608 DOI: 10.3390/gels3040042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report the synthesis and functionalization of five different shapes of Au nanoparticles (NPs), namely nanorods, tetrahexahedral, bipyramids, nanomakura, and spheres with PEG and poly (N-isopropylacrylamide)-acrylic acid (pNIPAm-AAc) hydrogels. The anisotropic NPs are synthesized using seed-mediated growth in the presence of silver. The NPs have been characterized using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), zeta potential measurements, UV-Visible spectrophotometry (UV-Vis), and Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy (S(T)EM). Cyt C was loaded into the PEG-hydrogel-coated AuNPs using a modified breathing-in method. Loading efficiencies (up to 80%), dependent on particle geometry, concentration, and hydrogel content, were obtained. Release experiments conducted at high temperature (40 °C) and acidic pH (3) showed higher release for larger sizes of PEG-hydrogel-coated AuNPs, with temporal transition from spherical to thin film release geometry. AuNP shape, size, number density, and hydrogel content are found to influence the loading as well as release kinetics of Cyt C from these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulalit Bandyopadhyay
- Ugelstad Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and technology (NTNU), N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Anuvansh Sharma
- Ugelstad Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and technology (NTNU), N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Wilhelm Robert Glomm
- Ugelstad Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and technology (NTNU), N-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
- Polymer Particle and Surface Chemistry Research Group, SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, N-7465 Trondheim, Norway.
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Preparation and Characterization of Thermoresponsive Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid)-Grafted Hollow Fe₃O₄/SiO₂ Microspheres with Surface Holes for BSA Release. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10040411. [PMID: 28772770 PMCID: PMC5506986 DOI: 10.3390/ma10040411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Revised: 04/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Thermoresponsive P(NIPAM-AA)/Fe₃O₄/SiO₂ microspheres with surface holes serving as carriers were prepared using p-Fe₃O₄/SiO₂ microspheres with a thermoresponsive copolymer. The p-Fe₃O₄/SiO₂ microspheres was obtained using a modified Pickering method and chemical etching. The surface pore size of p-Fe₃O₄/SiO₂ microspheres was in the range of 18.3 nm~37.2 nm and the cavity size was approximately 60 nm, which are suitable for loading and transporting biological macromolecules. P(NIPAM-AA) was synthesized inside and outside of the p-Fe₃O₄/SiO₂ microspheres via atom transfer radical polymerization of NIPAM, MBA and AA. The volume phase transition temperature (VPTT) of the specifically designed P(NIPAM-AA)/Fe₃O₄/SiO₂ microspheres was 42.5 °C. The saturation magnetization of P(NIPAM-AA)/Fe₃O₄/SiO₂ microspheres was 72.7 emu/g. The P(NIPAM-AA)/Fe₃O₄/SiO₂ microspheres were used as carriers to study the loading and release behavior of BSA. This microsphere system shows potential for the loading of proteins as a drug delivery platform.
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Influence of polymer coating on release of l-dopa from core-shell Fe@Au nanoparticle systems. Colloid Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-017-4015-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Bandyopadhyay S, Sharma A, Ashfaq Alvi MA, Raju R, Glomm WR. A robust method to calculate the volume phase transition temperature (VPTT) for hydrogels and hybrids. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra10258e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Phase transition temperatures along with system reversibilities defined by a unique reversibility parameter have been developed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sulalit Bandyopadhyay
- Ugelstad Laboratory
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)
- N-7491 Trondheim
- Norway
| | - Anuvansh Sharma
- Ugelstad Laboratory
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)
- N-7491 Trondheim
- Norway
| | - Muhammad Awais Ashfaq Alvi
- Ugelstad Laboratory
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)
- N-7491 Trondheim
- Norway
| | - Rajesh Raju
- Department of Chemistry
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)
- N-7491 Trondheim
- Norway
| | - Wilhelm Robert Glomm
- Ugelstad Laboratory
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU)
- N-7491 Trondheim
- Norway
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