1
|
Nemec M, Hauser SB, Rentsch D, Pagotti João GM, Kuerten LC, Adilien N, Huber L, Stojanovic A, Malfait WJ, Koebel MM. Hyperbranched, Functional Polyethoxysiloxanes: Tunable Molecular Building Blocks. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2024; 6:7088-7101. [PMID: 38961861 PMCID: PMC11217919 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.4c00758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Functional silanes are multifaceted cross-linkers, compatibilizers, coupling agents, and surface modifiers. Herein, we present organofunctional polysiloxane building blocks that offer great versatility in terms of molecular weight, degree of condensation, and the choice and loading of organic substituent groups. The organofunctional polyethoxysilanes (funPEOS) are prepared in a one-pot, two-step process: synthesis of the PEOS carrier/substrate, followed by grafting a functional silane "shell", both based on condensation with acetic anhydride. The reaction was optimized at the lab scale and scaled up to a 7 L reactor. The acetylation, condensation, and hyperbranched structure of the carrier were confirmed by 29Si NMR, while 29Si-29Si 2D INADEQUATE NMR provides strong evidence for the grafting of functional silanes onto the carrier (Q-T coupling). IR, 1H, and 13C NMR spectroscopy demonstrate that the functional groups remain intact. The molar mass can be tailored by stoichiometric control of the acetic anhydride to silane monomer ratio (M n 3500-20,000 g/mol). The compounds are stable organic liquids with a long shelf life. Selected applications are presented: scratch-resistant coatings with water contact angles of ∼90°, stable water emulsions, and surfactant-free, mesoporous silica foams.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marek Nemec
- Laboratory
of Building Energy Materials & Components, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology,
Empa, Überlandstrasse
129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Siloxene
AG, Zürichstrasse
38, 8306 Brüttisellen, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie B. Hauser
- Laboratory
of Building Energy Materials & Components, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology,
Empa, Überlandstrasse
129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Rentsch
- Laboratory
for Functional Polymers, Swiss Federal Laboratories
for Materials Science and Technology, Empa, Überlandstrasse 129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Gabriel M. Pagotti João
- Laboratory
of Building Energy Materials & Components, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology,
Empa, Überlandstrasse
129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Siloxene
AG, Zürichstrasse
38, 8306 Brüttisellen, Switzerland
| | - Lilli C. Kuerten
- Laboratory
of Building Energy Materials & Components, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology,
Empa, Überlandstrasse
129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Siloxene
AG, Zürichstrasse
38, 8306 Brüttisellen, Switzerland
| | - Nour Adilien
- Laboratory
of Building Energy Materials & Components, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology,
Empa, Überlandstrasse
129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Huber
- Laboratory
of Building Energy Materials & Components, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology,
Empa, Überlandstrasse
129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Ana Stojanovic
- Laboratory
of Building Energy Materials & Components, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology,
Empa, Überlandstrasse
129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Wim J. Malfait
- Laboratory
of Building Energy Materials & Components, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology,
Empa, Überlandstrasse
129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Matthias M. Koebel
- Laboratory
of Building Energy Materials & Components, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology,
Empa, Überlandstrasse
129, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Siloxene
AG, Zürichstrasse
38, 8306 Brüttisellen, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yan B, Yang W, Zhong Y, Duan Q, Xie J. Effects of Y-nodes in DGEBA/TDE-85/MTHPA blends on their thermal and mechanical properties: MD simulation and experimental study. J Mol Graph Model 2023; 123:108532. [PMID: 37276721 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2023.108532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
With the development of alternate electrical power system and the improvement of voltage level, the operation conditions faced by epoxy resin (ER) insulation materials are becoming more and more complex. The traditional ER materials have been difficult to meet the increasingly stringent requirements. In this paper, the thermal and mechanical properties of DGEBA/TDE-85/MTHPA blend system were studied by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and experiment. The results show that the addition of TDE-85 can significantly improve the thermal and mechanical properties, and the comprehensive improvement effect is the best when the molar ratio of DGEBA and TDE-85 is about 8:2. The experimental results are consistent with the simulation results. Further analysis of the micro-parameters of the monomer and the cross-linking network found that the torsional energy barrier of TDE-85 is higher than DGEBA. And the compatibility of the two ER is better when the ratio is 8:2. In addition, TDE-85 can introduce high-stability Y-nodes into the system, making the cross-linked network more stable, which has a significant effect on improving the thermal and mechanical properties. The research provide a reference for the blending modification of high-performance ER for high-voltage insulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingyue Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Power Transmission Technology, Beijing, 102209, China
| | - Wei Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Power Transmission Technology, Beijing, 102209, China
| | - Yuyao Zhong
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Security Defense, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, 071003, China
| | - Qijun Duan
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Security Defense, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, 071003, China
| | - Jun Xie
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Security Defense, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, 071003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pu J, Liu C, Shi S, Yun J. Hydrogenation of MTHPA to MHHPA over Ni-based catalysts: Al 2O 3 coating, Ru incorporation and kinetics. RSC Adv 2022; 12:34268-34281. [PMID: 36545590 PMCID: PMC9709665 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06738b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of its excellent performance, methyl hexahydrophthalic anhydride (MHHPA) is a new anhydride-based epoxy resin curing agent after methyl tetrahydrophthalic anhydride (MTHPA). To improve the activity and stability of conventional RANEY® nickel catalysts in the catalytic hydrogenation of MTHPA to MHHPA reaction, RANEY® nickel encapsulated with porous Al2O3 and alumina-supported Ni-Ru bimetallic catalysts were designed and synthesized in this study. The physicochemical properties and surface reactions over the catalysts were characterized by N2 adsorption and desorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD), hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction/desorption (H2-TPR/TPD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transformations spectroscopy (DRIFTS). The kinetic model of MTHPA hydrogenation over NiRu/Al was established and the parameters were estimated using the least-square method. The results showed that the encapsulation of porous Al2O3 on the surface of RANEY® nickel enhanced the stability of the Ni skeleton and the adsorption ability of the reactant molecules, which improved its activity for the hydrogenation reaction. The introduction of Ru improved the dispersion and stability of metallic Ni, which greatly increased the conversion ability towards MTHPA hydrogenation, but it had a trend to cause C[double bond, length as m-dash]C bond transfer at lower temperatures, increasing the hydrogenation difficulties. The kinetic results based on Ni-Ru bimetallic catalyst showed that the MTHPA hydrogenation reaction rate was first-order with respect to MTHPA concentration and 0.5-order with respect to hydrogen partial pressure, and the apparent activation energy of the hydrogenation reaction was 37.02 ± 2.62 kJ mol-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianglong Pu
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of TechnologyChangwang Road 18Hangzhou 310032China,College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University118 Jiahang RoadJiaxing 314001China
| | - Changhao Liu
- College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University118 Jiahang RoadJiaxing 314001China
| | - Shenming Shi
- Zhejiang ZhengDa New Materials Technology Co., Ltd228 Mingxin RoadJiaxing 314006China
| | - Junxian Yun
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of TechnologyChangwang Road 18Hangzhou 310032China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhai J, Zhang C, Zhao C, Yang W. Preparation of Slow-Release Coated Urea Based on C8-Maleic Anhydride Copolymer-Cured Epoxidized Soybean Oil. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
| | - Changwen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules, Ministry of Education Beijing, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
| | - Wantai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules, Ministry of Education Beijing, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing100029, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kim S, Yang J, Kim J, Ryu SY, Cho H, Kim YS, Lee J. Direct-Writable and Thermally One-Step Curable “Water-Stained” Epoxy Composite Inks. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14194191. [PMID: 36236139 PMCID: PMC9573494 DOI: 10.3390/polym14194191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a simple method for preparing direct-writable and thermally one-step curable epoxy composite inks was proposed. Specifically, colloidal inks containing a mixture of ordinary epoxy resin and anhydride-type hardener with the suspended alumina microplates, as exemplary fillers, are “stained” with small amounts of water. This increases the elasticity of the ink via the interparticle capillary attraction and promotes curing of the epoxy matrix in low-temperature ranges, causing the three-dimensional (3D) printed ink to avoid structural disruption during one-step thermal curing without the tedious pre-curing step. The proposed mechanisms for the shape retention of thermally cured water-stained inks were discussed with thorough analyses using shear rheometry, DSC, FTIR, and SEM. Results of the computer-vision numerical analysis of the SEM images reveal that the particles in water-stained inks are oriented more in the vertical direction than those in water-free samples, corroborating the proposed mechanisms. The suggested concept is extremely simple and does not require any additional cost to the one required for the preparation of the common epoxy–filler composites, which is thus expected to be well-exploited in various applications where 3D printing of epoxy-based formulations is necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suyeon Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Myongji University, 116 Myongji-ro, Cheoin-gu, Yongin 17058, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jeewon Yang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Myongji University, 116 Myongji-ro, Cheoin-gu, Yongin 17058, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Jieun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Myongji University, 116 Myongji-ro, Cheoin-gu, Yongin 17058, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Seoung Young Ryu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Myongji University, 116 Myongji-ro, Cheoin-gu, Yongin 17058, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Hanbin Cho
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Myongji University, 116 Myongji-ro, Cheoin-gu, Yongin 17058, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
| | - Yern Seung Kim
- Advanced Materials Company, LG Chem, 70 Magokjungang 10-ro, Gangseo-gu, Seoul 07795, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.S.K.); (J.L.)
| | - Joohyung Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Myongji University, 116 Myongji-ro, Cheoin-gu, Yongin 17058, Gyeonggi-do, Korea
- Correspondence: (Y.S.K.); (J.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Freitas G, Henriques RR, Calheiros LS, Soares BG. Impact of magnetic ionic liquids as catalystson the curing process of epoxy/anhydride system: Mechanistic investigation and dynamic‐mechanical analysis. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Freitas
- Instituto de Macromoléculas Centro de Tecnologia Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Ruan R. Henriques
- Instituto de Macromoléculas Centro de Tecnologia Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Loan S. Calheiros
- Centro de Tecnologia Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, COPPE‐PEMM Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Bluma G. Soares
- Instituto de Macromoléculas Centro de Tecnologia Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil
- Centro de Tecnologia Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, COPPE‐PEMM Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ab Rahman SA, Pang AL, Arsad A, Sidek A, Saidu A, Awang N, Mohsin R, Abdurrahman M. The chemistry insight: epoxy sealant as an alternative remedial operation for well integrity. REV CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2022-0003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Epoxy resin is commonly used in the oil and gas industry due to its excellent toughness, low shrinkage, good adhesive strength, and relatively good thermal resistance. It is used for water shutoff, zonal isolation, cementing, enhanced oil recovery, and preventing leakage in wells. This paper reviews the chemistry aspect of using an epoxy resin system as a sealant to prevent well leakage and it offers insights into the chemistry of the epoxy resin system, as applied in previous studies. The paper also unveils the reasons for the application of this system from the chemistry perspective, allowing this aspect to be better understood. Success in the investigated cases depended on the formulation design. The epoxide and hydroxyl functional groups have been found to contribute substantially to the excellent performance of the sealant system. Furthermore, the amine curing agent triggers the abrupt reaction of the oxirane ring to stabilise when the cured sealant is perfectly applied. Based on the findings, it is suggested that other types of epoxies, namely epoxidised oils, require further study. Finally, in terms of safety and sustainable energy, it is suggested that more curing agent and diluent studies are undertaken.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siti Aisha Ab Rahman
- UTM-MPRC Institute for Oil & Gas, School of Chemical & Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia , 81300 Skudai , Johor Bahru , Johor , Malaysia
| | - Ai Ling Pang
- UTM-MPRC Institute for Oil & Gas, School of Chemical & Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia , 81300 Skudai , Johor Bahru , Johor , Malaysia
| | - Agus Arsad
- UTM-MPRC Institute for Oil & Gas, School of Chemical & Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia , 81300 Skudai , Johor Bahru , Johor , Malaysia
| | - Akhmal Sidek
- UTM-MPRC Institute for Oil & Gas, School of Chemical & Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia , 81300 Skudai , Johor Bahru , Johor , Malaysia
| | - Anwarudin Saidu
- Reservoir Link Solutions Sdn. Bhd. , E-33-01, Menara SUEZCAP 2 , KL Gateway No. 2 , Jalan Kerinchi, Gerbang Kerinchi Lestari , 59200 Kuala Lumpur , Malaysia
| | - Nuha Awang
- Plant Engineering Technology (PETech) , Malaysian Institute of Industrial Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur , Persiaran Sinaran Ilmu , Bandar Seri Alam , 81750 , Johor Bahru , Malaysia
| | - Rahmat Mohsin
- UTM-MPRC Institute for Oil & Gas, School of Chemical & Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia , 81300 Skudai , Johor Bahru , Johor , Malaysia
| | - Muslim Abdurrahman
- Fakultas Teknik - Universitas Islam Riau, Jalan Kaharuddin Nasution, Workshop Gedung B , Lantai 2, Pekan Baru , 28284 , Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chennapuram M, Yoshida Y, Endo T. Curing behavior and properties of epoxy monomers with ethylenediaminetetraacetic dianhydride. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Madhu Chennapuram
- Molecular Engineering Institute Kyushu Institute of Technology Kitakyushu‐shi Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Yoshida
- Molecular Engineering Institute Kyushu Institute of Technology Kitakyushu‐shi Japan
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Materials Science Kyushu Institute of Technology Kitakyushu‐shi Japan
| | - Takeshi Endo
- Molecular Engineering Institute Kyushu Institute of Technology Kitakyushu‐shi Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kavalli T, Wolf R, Ozen S, Lalevée J. Comparison of Pure Epoxy vs. Epoxy-Anhydride Photopolymerization. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
10
|
Sivanesan D, Seo B, Lim CS, Kim S, Kim HG. Trifunctional cycloaliphatic epoxy-based thermoset polymers: Synthesis, polymerization, and characterization. POLYMER 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2021.123568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
11
|
Lu M, Liu Y, Liang L, Lu M. Synthesis and characterization of easily degradable acrylate-epoxy resin with superior dielectric properties and high transmittance. POLYMER 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2020.122711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
12
|
Omonov TS, Patel V, Curtis JM. The Development of Epoxidized Hemp Oil Prepolymers for the Preparation of Thermoset Networks. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tolibjon S. Omonov
- Lipid Chemistry Group (LCG), Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (AFNS)University of Alberta, 3‐60D South Academic Building (SAB) Edmonton Alberta T6G 2P5 Canada
| | - Vinay Patel
- Lipid Chemistry Group (LCG), Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (AFNS)University of Alberta, 3‐60D South Academic Building (SAB) Edmonton Alberta T6G 2P5 Canada
| | - Jonathan M. Curtis
- Lipid Chemistry Group (LCG), Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science (AFNS)University of Alberta, 3‐60D South Academic Building (SAB) Edmonton Alberta T6G 2P5 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Barabanova AI, Lokshin BV, Kharitonova EP, Afanasyev ES, Askadskii AA, Philippova OE. Curing cycloaliphatic epoxy resin with 4-methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride: Catalyzed vs. uncatalyzed reaction. POLYMER 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2019.121590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|