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Colman K, Andrews RN, Atkins H, Boulineau T, Bradley A, Braendli-Baiocco A, Capobianco R, Caudell D, Cline M, Doi T, Ernst R, van Esch E, Everitt J, Fant P, Gruebbel MM, Mecklenburg L, Miller AD, Nikula KJ, Satake S, Schwartz J, Sharma A, Shimoi A, Sobry C, Taylor I, Vemireddi V, Vidal J, Wood C, Vahle JL. International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria (INHAND): Non-proliferative and Proliferative Lesions of the Non-human Primate ( M. fascicularis). J Toxicol Pathol 2021; 34:1S-182S. [PMID: 34712008 PMCID: PMC8544165 DOI: 10.1293/tox.34.1s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The INHAND (International Harmonization of Nomenclature and Diagnostic Criteria for
Lesions Project (www.toxpath.org/inhand.asp) is a joint initiative of the Societies of
Toxicologic Pathology from Europe (ESTP), Great Britain (BSTP), Japan (JSTP) and North
America (STP) to develop an internationally accepted nomenclature for proliferative and
nonproliferative lesions in laboratory animals. The purpose of this publication is to
provide a standardized nomenclature for classifying microscopic lesions observed in most
tissues and organs from the nonhuman primate used in nonclinical safety studies. Some of
the lesions are illustrated by color photomicrographs. The standardized nomenclature
presented in this document is also available electronically on the internet
(http://www.goreni.org/). Sources of material included histopathology databases from
government, academia, and industrial laboratories throughout the world. Content includes
spontaneous lesions as well as lesions induced by exposure to test materials. Relevant
infectious and parasitic lesions are included as well. A widely accepted and utilized
international harmonization of nomenclature for lesions in laboratory animals will provide
a common language among regulatory and scientific research organizations in different
countries and increase and enrich international exchanges of information among
toxicologists and pathologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karyn Colman
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rachel N Andrews
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Hannah Atkins
- Penn State College of Medicine, Department of Comparative Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | | | - Alys Bradley
- Charles River Laboratories Edinburgh Ltd., Tranent, Scotland, UK
| | - Annamaria Braendli-Baiocco
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raffaella Capobianco
- Janssen Research & Development, a Division of Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - David Caudell
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Mark Cline
- Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Takuya Doi
- LSIM Safety Institute Corporation, Ibaraki, Japan
| | | | | | - Jeffrey Everitt
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Andew D Miller
- Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | | | - Shigeru Satake
- Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd., Kagoshima and Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Alok Sharma
- Covance Laboratories, Inc., Madison, WI, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Charles Wood
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - John L Vahle
- Lilly Research Laboratories, Indianapolis IN, USA
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Wakabayashi T, Shimada Y, Akiyama K, Higuchi T, Fukuda T, Kobayashi H, Eto Y, Ida H, Ohashi T. Hematopoietic Stem Cell Gene Therapy Corrects Neuropathic Phenotype in Murine Model of Mucopolysaccharidosis Type II. Hum Gene Ther 2015; 26:357-66. [PMID: 25761450 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2014.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II) is a neuropathic lysosomal storage disorder caused by a deficiency of iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS), which leads to the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). We demonstrated that biochemical alterations in the brains of MPS II mice are not corrected by bone marrow transplantation (BMT) or enzyme replacement therapy, although BMT has been shown to be effective for other neurodegenerative MPSs, such as Hurler syndrome. In this study, we demonstrated that lentiviral isogeneic hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) gene therapy corrected neuronal manifestations by ameliorating lysosomal storage and autophagic dysfunction in the brains of MPS II mice. IDS-transduced HSCs increased enzyme activity both in various visceral organs and the CNS. Decreased levels of GAGs were observed in many organs, including cerebra, after transplantation of IDS-transduced HSCs. In addition, lentiviral HSC gene therapy normalized the secondary accumulation of autophagic substrates, such as p62 and ubiquitin-protein conjugates, in cerebra. Furthermore, in contrast to naive MPS II mice, there was no deterioration of neuronal function observed in transplant recipients. These results indicated that lentiviral HSC gene therapy is a promising approach for the treatment of CNS lesions in MPS II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Wakabayashi
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Jikei University School of Medicine , Tokyo 105-8461, Japan .,2 Division of Gene Therapy, Research Center for Medical Sciences, Jikei University School of Medicine , Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Yohta Shimada
- 2 Division of Gene Therapy, Research Center for Medical Sciences, Jikei University School of Medicine , Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Akiyama
- 3 Department of Pediatrics, Kitasato University School of Medicine , Kanagawa 252-0374, Japan
| | - Takashi Higuchi
- 2 Division of Gene Therapy, Research Center for Medical Sciences, Jikei University School of Medicine , Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Takahiro Fukuda
- 4 Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, Jikei University School of Medicine , Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kobayashi
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Jikei University School of Medicine , Tokyo 105-8461, Japan .,2 Division of Gene Therapy, Research Center for Medical Sciences, Jikei University School of Medicine , Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Yoshikatsu Eto
- 5 Advanced Clinical Research Center, Institute of Neurological Disorders , Kanagawa 215-0026, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Ida
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Jikei University School of Medicine , Tokyo 105-8461, Japan .,2 Division of Gene Therapy, Research Center for Medical Sciences, Jikei University School of Medicine , Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
| | - Toya Ohashi
- 1 Department of Pediatrics, Jikei University School of Medicine , Tokyo 105-8461, Japan .,2 Division of Gene Therapy, Research Center for Medical Sciences, Jikei University School of Medicine , Tokyo 105-8461, Japan
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Regulatory role of the 90-kDa-heat-shock protein (Hsp90) and associated factors on gene expression. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2014; 1839:71-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Shimizu J, Fukuda T, Abe T, Ogihara M, Kubota J, Sasaki A, Azuma T, Sasaki K, Shimizu K, Oishi T, Umemura SI, Furuhata H. Ultrasound safety with midfrequency transcranial sonothrombolysis: preliminary study on normal macaca monkey brain. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2012; 38:1040-1050. [PMID: 22475695 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2012.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 02/12/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the safety of transcranial-targeting midfrequency (0.1 to 1 MHz) ultrasonic thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke. We applied a new therapeutic and imaging transducer to healthy Macaca monkey brains via sonication of the ipsilateral middle cerebral artery through an acoustic temporal window. Young adult cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) were assigned to a group without sonication (control), a group maintained for 1 d after sonication (C1) and a group maintained for 7 d after sonication (C7; n = 3 for each). Two elder rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were ultrasonicated under transvenous injection of the recombinant tissue plasminogen activator alteplase (0.9 mg/kg), and maintained for 7 d (R). An automatic switching circuit alternately operated a therapeutic ultrasound beam (T-beam) generator for thrombolysis (frequency = 490 kHz; intensity = 0.72 W/cm(2)) and a diagnostic color-flow imaging ultrasound beam (D-beam; frequency = 2.5 MHz; intensity = 0.20 W/cm(2)). A 15-min protocol, comprising four repeats of a sequence of 120-s T-beam activation followed by 30-s D-beam activation and then 5-min T-beam deactivation together with D-beam activation, was repeated four times over 60 min. After confirmation of neurologic deficits, the brains were removed and investigated histologically and immunohistochemically. Three skull samples were subjected to 494-kHz continuous waveform ultrasound, the transcranial intensity was measured and the mechanical index was calculated. None of the monkeys showed neurologic deficits after ultrasonication. The transskull ultrasound intensity rate was 48 ± 12%. The intracranial mechanical index value was 0.15. The novel system did not cause tissue damage in the primate brain and no cavitation effect was detected intracranially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Shimizu
- Medical Engineering Laboratory, Research Center for Medical Sciences, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Haley GE, Kohama SG, Urbanski HF, Raber J. Age-related decreases in SYN levels associated with increases in MAP-2, apoE, and GFAP levels in the rhesus macaque prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2010; 32:283-296. [PMID: 20640549 PMCID: PMC2926858 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-010-9137-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2009] [Accepted: 02/16/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Loss of synaptic integrity in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex (PFC) may play an integral role in age-related cognitive decline. Previously, we showed age-related increases in the dendritic marker microtubule associated protein 2 (MAP-2) and the synaptic marker synaptophysin (SYN) in mice. Similarly, apolipoprotein E (apoE), involved in lipid transport and metabolism, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a glia specific marker, increase with age in rodents. In this study, we assessed whether these four proteins show similar age-related changes in a nonhuman primate, the rhesus macaque. Free-floating sections from the PFC and hippocampus from adult, middle-aged, and aged rhesus macaques were immunohistochemically labeled for MAP-2, SYN, apoE, and GFAP. Protein levels were measured as area occupied by fluorescence using confocal microscopy as well as by Western blot. In the PFC and hippocampus of adult and middle-aged animals, the levels of SYN, apoE, and GFAP immunoreactivity were comparable but there was a trend towards higher MAP-2 levels in middle-aged than adult animals. There was significantly less SYN and more MAP-2, apoE, and GFAP immunoreactivity in the PFC and hippocampus of aged animals compared to adult or middle-aged animals. Thus, the age-related changes in MAP-2, apoE, and GFAP levels were similar to those previously observed in rodents. On the other hand, the age-related changes in SYN levels were not, but were similar to those previously observed in the aging human brain. Taken together, these data emphasize the value of the rhesus macaque as a pragmatic translational model for human brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwendolen E. Haley
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
- Division of Neuroscience, ONPRC, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA
| | - Steven G. Kohama
- Division of Neuroscience, ONPRC, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA
| | - Henryk F. Urbanski
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
- Division of Neuroscience, ONPRC, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
| | - Jacob Raber
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
- Division of Neuroscience, ONPRC, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239 USA
- 3181 SW Sam Jackson Pkwy, Mail Code L-470, Portland, OR 97239 USA
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Expression of Hydroxyindole-O-Methyltransferase Enzyme in the Human Central Nervous System and in Pineal Parenchymal Cell Tumors. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2010; 69:498-510. [DOI: 10.1097/nen.0b013e3181db7d3c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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Kodama R, Yang X, Saski Y, Iwashige S, Tanigawa Y, Yoshikawa T, Nagaoka T, Kamimura Y, Maeda H. Age-Related Lesions in the Cerebrum in Middle-Aged Female Cynomolgus Monkeys. Toxicol Pathol 2010; 38:303-11. [DOI: 10.1177/0192623309358904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in humans is a progressive neurogenic disease that can be linked with such characteristic pathological findings in the cerebrum as senile plaques (SPs), neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), and neuronal loss. In the present study, the authors investigated the age-related morphological changes in 12 middle-aged and 12 young cynomolgus monkeys. Low numbers of neurons and astrocytes in the hippocampal region in cynomolgus monkeys accompanied ageing, and there was a high number of microglial cells; however, no clearly neurotoxic abnormalities due to β-amyloid were noted before the age of 20 years. The onset of SPs and CAA in the cerebrum in cynomolgus monkeys can occur before the age of 20 years. SPs were almost all categorized as diffuse plaques (DPs); they did not have amyloid cores and were unaccompanied by neuritic degeneration. In cynomolgus monkeys, SPs (DPs) occur before the appearance of CAA. From the above, it was concluded that cynomolgus monkeys showed pathological changes due to ageing similar to those related to Alzheimer’s disease in humans, even before they were 20 years old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinya Kodama
- Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd.—Drug Safety Research Laboratories, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Xiuying Yang
- Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd.—Drug Safety Research Laboratories, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yuji Saski
- Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd.—Drug Safety Research Laboratories, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Iwashige
- Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd.—Drug Safety Research Laboratories, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yohei Tanigawa
- Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd.—Drug Safety Research Laboratories, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Yoshikawa
- Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd.—Drug Safety Research Laboratories, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takaharu Nagaoka
- Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd.—Drug Safety Research Laboratories, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Kamimura
- Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd.—Drug Safety Research Laboratories, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Maeda
- Shin Nippon Biomedical Laboratories, Ltd.—Drug Safety Research Laboratories, Kagoshima, Japan
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Benedetto A, Au C, Aschner M. Manganese-Induced Dopaminergic Neurodegeneration: Insights into Mechanisms and Genetics Shared with Parkinson’s Disease. Chem Rev 2009; 109:4862-84. [DOI: 10.1021/cr800536y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Benedetto
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, and the Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0414
| | - Catherine Au
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, and the Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0414
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Molecular Neuroscience, Department of Pharmacology, and the Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-0414
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Márquez M, Serafin A, Fernández-Bellon H, Serrat S, Ferrer-Admetlla A, Bertranpetit J, Ferrer I, Pumarola M. Neuropathologic Findings in an Aged Albino Gorilla. Vet Pathol 2008; 45:531-7. [DOI: 10.1354/vp.45-4-531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pallido-nigral spheroids associated with iron deposition have been observed in some aged clinically normal nonhuman primates. In humans, similar findings are observed in neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation diseases, which, in some cases, show associated mutations in pantothenate kinase 2 gene (PANK2). Here we present an aged gorilla, 40 years old, suffering during the last 2 years of life from progressive tetraparesis, nystagmus, and dyskinesia of the arms, hands, and neck, with accompanying abnormal behavior. The postmortem neuropathologic examination revealed, in addition to aging-associated changes in the brain, numerous corpora amylacea in some brain areas, especially the substantia nigra, and large numbers of axonal spheroids associated with iron accumulation in the internal globus pallidus. Sequencing of the gorilla PANK2 gene failed to detect any mutation. The clinical, neuropathologic, and genetic findings in this gorilla point to an age-related pallido-nigral degeneration that presented PKAN-like neurologic deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Márquez
- Animal Tissue Bank of Catalunya, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autonòma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain
| | - A. Serafin
- Animal Tissue Bank of Catalunya, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autonòma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - S. Serrat
- Parc Zoològic de Barcelona (HF-B, SS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - A. Ferrer-Admetlla
- Unitat de Biologia Evolutiva, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J. Bertranpetit
- Unitat de Biologia Evolutiva, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - I. Ferrer
- Institut Neuropatologia, Servei Anatomia Patològica, IDIBELL-Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, carrer Feixa Llarga s/n, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - M. Pumarola
- Animal Tissue Bank of Catalunya, Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autonòma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain
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