Transtrochanteric rotational osteotomy for osteonecrosis of the femoral head with preoperative superselective angiography

A review and meta-analysis of the survival rate of adult with osteonecrosis of the femoral head treated with transtrochanteric rotational osteotomy

BACKGROUND

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a progressive disease, and transtrochanteric rotational osteotomy (TRO) is a promising option to treat hip preservation. Compared with outcomes of non-Asian patients, those of Asian patients are different. Once ONFH has progressed to the stage of collapse, total hip arthroplasty (THA) is an unavoidable surgical procedure. However, patients treated with TRO still have a certain rate of femoral head collapse. A meta-analysis was done to comprehensively understand the outcome of TRO surgery for ONFH, in which conversion to THA was used as an endpoint event or the survival rate of patients with ONFH after TRO surgery as an indicator.

METHODS

We retrieved electronic databases from the inception of the study until June 2022, using the survival rate after TRO surgery or that after conversion to the endpoint event of THA as the effect indicator. The Risk Difference Independent unmatched samples of counting information with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were used to calculate the outcome. Also, subgroup analysis was carried out for Asian and non-Asian patients. Heterogeneity and publication bias analyses were also done for the included studies.

RESULTS

We pooled 19 studies, all of which were about applying TRO procedure for ONFH. There were 15 cohort studies, 4 case-control studies, and no randomized controlled studies. Based on the information extracted from the reported above (we extracted the relevant independent effect values separately for the case-control studies), this meta-analysis was performed based on a fixed-effect model, and META analysis was performed for an independent unpaired group of the samples. The total hip survival rate after TRO in ONFH was 0.58(95% CI = 0.45-0.72), The survival rate for Asians was: 0.68 (95% CI = 0.51-0.85) and for non-Asians was: 0.41 (95% CI = 0.17-0.64), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

The application of TRO surgery in ONFH can effectively relieve patients' symptoms and they enjoy n a high survival rate, especially for Asian patients. This makes it a promising surgical technique.

Detection of vascularity of femoral head using sub-millimeter resolution steady-state magnetic resonance angiography-initial experience

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to use the steady-state (SS) magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) with a sub-millimeter resolution to detect the arteries supplying to the femoral head (FH).

MATERIALS AND METHOD

SS MRA scanning of hips was performed bilaterally in 15 healthy volunteers. A blood pool contrast agent was used. The scanning protocol included a 0.8-mm³ isotropic T1-fast field echo sequence with spectral fat suppression technique. Two highly qualified radiologists independently evaluated the medial circumflex femoral artery (MCFA), the lateral circumflex femoral artery (LCFA), and the three retinacular arteries including superior retinacular artery (SRA), inferior retinacular artery (IRA), and anterior retinacular artery (ARA). The intraosseous branches of the three retinacular arteries were also evaluated. An orthopaedic surgeon was consulted in case of disagreement. Observation by the two radiologists and support from the orthopaedic surgeon served as the end result. Agreement between the two observer radiologists was evaluated.

RESULTS

Interobserver agreement between the two radiologists was found to be substantial to perfect. Of the 30 hips, the LCFA and MCFA were detected in all hips; the SRA and IRA were detected in most hips (100%, 90%), and the ARA was detected in 13 hips (43%). The intraosseous branches of SRA and IRA were detected in 30 and 22 hips (100%, 73%), respectively, while the intraosseous branches of ARA were detected in 11 hips (37%).

CONCLUSION

The main arteries supplying the FH can be detected by the SS MRA, making it a novel method to detect the vascularity of FH.

The choice of locking plate in the treatment of peri-implant femoral fracture eight years after trans-trochanteric rotational osteotomy: A case report

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We report a peri-implant fracture after transtrochanteric rotational osteotomy.

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Preservation of the nutrient artery of the femoral head is important.

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The entry point of an anterograde nail would have been very close to the artery.

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A locking plate is preferable to ante-grade nailing to avoid damaging the artery.

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The operation resulted in satisfactory results without any complications.

Introduction

Transtrochanteric anterior rotational osteotomy of the femoral head (TRO) was developed as a joint preserving surgery for osteonecrosis of the femoral head. To the best of our knowledge, peri-implant fractures after femoral osteotomy have rarely been reported.

Presentation of case

We report a 58-year-old female who suffered a peri-implant femoral shaft fracture following a fall from a stepladder eight years after TRO. Fracture union was achieved six months after a preferred proximal femoral locking plate.

Discussion

The entry point of the ante-grade femoral nail would have been very close to the new position of the nutrient artery of the femoral head occasioned by the TRO and to avoid injury, we chose proximal femoral locking plate.

Conclusion

It is important to consider the new position of the nutrient artery of the femoral head in the surgical planning of peri-implant fracture after TRO.

Transtrochanteric rotational osteotomy for osteonecrosis of the femoral head: relation between radiographic features and secondary collapse

BACKGROUND

Secondary collapse of the femoral head after transtrochanteric rotational osteotomy (TRO) for osteonecrosis of the femoral head is a major complication leading to failure. We investigated the relation between the extent and shape of a newly established healthy weight-bearing area and the incidence of secondary collapse.

METHODS

Altogether, 38 hips in 32 patients with a mean age of 33 years at the time of surgery were followed for a mean of 4 years.

RESULTS

The outcome was satisfactory in 22 hips (58%) and unsatisfactory in 16 hips (42%), with 9 requiring total hip arthroplasty. The extent of the newly established healthy weight-bearing area as depicted on the immediate postoperative radiograph was significantly greater in the satisfactory group than in the unsatisfactory group. The rate of secondary collapse was significantly higher when the newly established weight-bearing area was thin, like a beak ("beak-shaped" healthy area). The incidence of a beak-shaped healthy area was significantly higher in the steroid group than in nonsteroid group.

CONCLUSIONS

We concluded that we should be cautious when the newly established healthy weight-bearing area exhibits this beak shape, even if its extent in the weight-bearing area is large, because of the higher risk of postoperative secondary collapse. In such cases, alteration of the after-treatment program (e.g., prolonging the non-weight-bearing period) should be considered.

Enoxaparin prevents progression of stages I and II osteonecrosis of the hip

In a prospective pilot study, we hypothesized that enoxaparin (60 mg/day for 12 weeks) would prevent progression of Stages I and II osteonecrosis of the hip associated with thrombophilia or hypofibrinolysis or both over > or = 108 weeks of followup versus untreated historic controls, with different treatment responses in primary versus corticosteroid-associated secondary osteonecrosis. Patients with one or more thrombophilic-hypofibrinolytic disorder and Ficat Stages I or II osteonecrosis of at least one hip were included. A blinded committee interpreted anteroposterior and frog-leg lateral radiographs at entry in the study and every 36 weeks to > or = 108 weeks. Maintenance of the disease at Stages I and II versus progression of the osteonecrosis to Stages III and IV requiring total hip replacement was the major end point. Sixteen patients had primary osteonecrosis (25 hips; 13 Stage I, 12 Stage II), and 12 had secondary osteonecrosis (15 hips; five Stage I, 10 Stage II). With no Enoxaparin-related complications, 19 of 20 hips (95%) with primary osteonecrosis were unchanged from Stages I and II osteonecrosis at > or = 108 weeks; 12 of 15 hips (80%) with secondary osteonecrosis progressed to Stages III and IV osteonecrosis. In primary osteonecrosis at > or = 108 weeks, survival of 95% hips, or 76% (19/25 hips, based on intent to treat), compared favorably with untreated historical controls (approximately 20% 2-year survival), comparable to 20% survival in secondary hip osteonecrosis. Enoxaparin may prevent progression of primary hip osteonecrosis, decreasing the incidence of total hip replacement.

LEVEL OF EVIDENCE

Therapeutic study, II-1 (prospective cohort study).

Anticoagulant therapy for osteonecrosis associated with heritable hypofibrinolysis and thrombophilia

Osteonecrosis develops as the end-result of reduced blood flow to the femoral head. We postulate that venous thrombosis leads to increased intraosseus venous pressure, reduced arterial flow and hypoxic bone death. Hypofibrinolysis (reduced ability to lyse thrombi) and thrombophilia (increased tendency to form thrombi) appear to play an important role in osteonecrosis. If coagulation disorders cause osteonecrosis, then anticoagulation might ameliorate osteonecrosis. In subjects with coagulation disorders and osteonecrosis of the hip, provided that anticoagulant therapy is started before irreversible segmental collapse of the head of the femur, osteonecrosis may be arrested or, speculatively, sometimes reversed. This has the potential of preventing femoral head collapse which usually leads to total hip replacement.