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Duarte C, Yamada C, Garcia C, Akkaoui J, Ho A, Nichols F, Movila A. Crosstalk between dihydroceramides produced by
Porphyromonas gingivalis
and host lysosomal cathepsin B in the promotion of osteoclastogenesis. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:2841-2851. [PMID: 35429112 PMCID: PMC9097840 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Duarte
- Department of Oral Sciences and Translational Research College of Dental Medicine Nova Southeastern University Davie Florida USA
| | - Chiaki Yamada
- Department of Oral Sciences and Translational Research College of Dental Medicine Nova Southeastern University Davie Florida USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care Indiana University School of Dentistry Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - Christopher Garcia
- Department of Oral Sciences and Translational Research College of Dental Medicine Nova Southeastern University Davie Florida USA
| | - Juliet Akkaoui
- Department of Oral Sciences and Translational Research College of Dental Medicine Nova Southeastern University Davie Florida USA
| | - Anny Ho
- Department of Oral Sciences and Translational Research College of Dental Medicine Nova Southeastern University Davie Florida USA
| | - Frank Nichols
- Department of Oral Health and Diagnostic Sciences University of Connecticut School of Dental Medicine Farmington Connecticut USA
| | - Alexandru Movila
- Department of Oral Sciences and Translational Research College of Dental Medicine Nova Southeastern University Davie Florida USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care Indiana University School of Dentistry Indianapolis Indiana USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
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2
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Mahanty S, Setty SRG. Epidermal Lamellar Body Biogenesis: Insight Into the Roles of Golgi and Lysosomes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:701950. [PMID: 34458262 PMCID: PMC8387949 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.701950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal lamellar bodies (eLBs) are secretory organelles that carry a wide variety of secretory cargo required for skin homeostasis. eLBs belong to the class of lysosome-related organelles (LROs), which are cell-type-specific organelles that perform diverse functions. The formation of eLBs is thought to be related to that of other LROs, which are formed either through the gradual maturation of Golgi/endosomal precursors or by the conversion of conventional lysosomes. Current evidence suggests that eLB biogenesis presumably initiate from trans-Golgi network and receive cargo from endosomes, and also acquire lysosome characteristics during maturation. These multistep biogenesis processes are frequently disrupted in human skin disorders. However, many gaps remain in our understanding of eLB biogenesis and their relationship to skin diseases. Here, we describe our current understanding on eLB biogenesis with a focus on cargo transport to this LRO and highlight key areas where future research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarmistha Mahanty
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
| | - Subba Rao Gangi Setty
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India
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Lysosome-targeted photodynamic treatment induces primary keratinocyte differentiation. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2021; 218:112183. [PMID: 33831753 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2021.112183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy is an attractive technique for various skin tumors and non-cancerous skin lesions. However, while the aim of photodynamic therapy is to target and damage only the malignant cells, it unavoidably affects some of the healthy cells surrounding the tumor as well. However, data on the effects of PDT to normal cells are scarce, and the characterization of the pathways activated after the photodamage of normal cells may help to improve clinical photodynamic therapy. In our study, primary human epidermal keratinocytes were used to evaluate photodynamic treatment effects of photosensitizers with different subcellular localization. We compared the response of keratinocytes to lysosomal photodamage induced by phthalocyanines, aluminum phthalocyanine disulfonate (AlPcS2a) or aluminum phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate (AlPcS4), and cellular membrane photodamage by m-tetra(3-hydroxyphenyl)-chlorin (mTHPC). Our data showed that mTHPC-PDT promoted autophagic flux, whereas lysosomal photodamage induced by aluminum phthalocyanines evoked differentiation and apoptosis. Photodamage by AlPcS2a, which is targeted to lysosomal membranes, induced keratinocyte differentiation and apoptosis more efficiently than AlPcS4, which is targeted to lysosomal lumen. Computational analysis of the interplay between these molecular pathways revealed that keratin 10 is the coordinating molecular hub of primary keratinocyte differentiation, apoptosis and autophagy.
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Tazhitdinova R, Timoshenko AV. The Emerging Role of Galectins and O-GlcNAc Homeostasis in Processes of Cellular Differentiation. Cells 2020; 9:cells9081792. [PMID: 32731422 PMCID: PMC7465113 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins are a family of soluble β-galactoside-binding proteins with diverse glycan-dependent and glycan-independent functions outside and inside the cell. Human cells express twelve out of sixteen recognized mammalian galectin genes and their expression profiles are very different between cell types and tissues. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the changes in the expression of individual galectins at mRNA and protein levels in different types of differentiating cells and the effects of recombinant galectins on cellular differentiation. A new model of galectin regulation is proposed considering the change in O-GlcNAc homeostasis between progenitor/stem cells and mature differentiated cells. The recognition of galectins as regulatory factors controlling cell differentiation and self-renewal is essential for developmental and cancer biology to develop innovative strategies for prevention and targeted treatment of proliferative diseases, tissue regeneration, and stem-cell therapy.
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5
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Pasmatzi E, Papadionysiou C, Monastirli A, Badavanis G, Tsambaos D. Galectin 3: an extraordinary multifunctional protein in dermatology. Current knowledge and perspectives. An Bras Dermatol 2019; 94:348-354. [PMID: 31365668 PMCID: PMC6668939 DOI: 10.1590/abd1806-4841.20198426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin 3 is a unique ~31 kDa protein that recognizes the N-acetyl-lactosamine structure of several glycoconjugates. It mainly occurs in epithelial and myeloid cells, but is also found in a variety of human cell types. In view of the crucial role played by galectin 3 in the regulation of cellular processes of essential importance and in the pathogenetic mechanisms of diverse disorders, it is not surprising that, particularly in the last three decades, the attention of the scientific community has been increasingly drawn to this extraordinary and multifunctional galectin. In this paper the authors summarize current knowledge on the expression of galectin 3 in normal and diseased human skin, its implications in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and prognosis of cutaneous disorders, and the perspectives of a novel approach to the treatment of the latter using galectin 3 or its inhibitors/antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efstathia Pasmatzi
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Patras University,
Rio-Patras, Greece
| | | | | | - George Badavanis
- Discipline of Dermatology, Center for Dermatologic Diseases,
Limassol, Cyprus
| | - Dionysios Tsambaos
- Discipline of Dermatology, Center for Dermatologic Diseases,
Limassol, Cyprus
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6
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Bocheńska K, Moskot M, Malinowska M, Jakóbkiewicz-Banecka J, Szczerkowska-Dobosz A, Purzycka-Bohdan D, Pleńkowska J, Słomiński B, Gabig-Cimińska M. Lysosome Alterations in the Human Epithelial Cell Line HaCaT and Skin Specimens: Relevance to Psoriasis. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2255. [PMID: 31067781 PMCID: PMC6539968 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the constantly updated knowledge regarding the alterations occurring in the cells of patients with psoriasis, the status and the role of the lysosome, a control center of cell metabolism, remain to be elucidated. The architecture of the epidermis is largely regulated by the action of lysosomes, possibly activating signaling pathways in the cellular crosstalk of keratinocytes-epidermal cells-with infiltrating immune cells. Thus, in the present study, lysosome alterations were examined in vitro and in situ using a two-dimensional (2D) keratinocyte model of HaCaT cells with "psoriasis-like" inflammation and skin specimens, respectively. Specific fluorescence and immunohistochemical staining showed an augmented level of acidic organelles in response to keratinocyte activation (mimicking a psoriatic condition while maintaining the membrane integrity of these structures) as compared with the control, similar to that seen in skin samples taken from patients. Interestingly, patients with the most pronounced PASI (Psoriasis Area and Severity Index), BSA (Body Surface Area), and DLQI (Dermatology Life Quality Index) scores suffered a high incidence of positive lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1) expression. Moreover, it was found that the gene deregulation pattern was comparable in lesioned (PP) and non-lesioned (PN) patient-derived skin tissue, which may indicate that these alterations occur prior to the onset of the characteristic phenotype of the disease. Changes in the activity of genes encoding the microphthalmia family (MiT family) of transcription factors and mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (MTORC1) were also observed in the in vitro psoriasis model, indicating that the biogenesis pathway of this arm is inhibited. Interestingly, in contrast to the keratinocytes of HaCaT with "psoriasis-like" inflammation, LAMP1 was up-regulated in both PP and PN skin, which can be a potential sign of an alternative mechanism of lysosome formation. Defining the molecular profile of psoriasis in the context of "the awesome lysosome" is not only interesting, but also desired; therefore, it is believed that this paper will serve to encourage other researchers to conduct further studies on this subject.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Bocheńska
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Marta Moskot
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Kładki 24, 80-822 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Marcelina Malinowska
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | | | - Aneta Szczerkowska-Dobosz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Mariana Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Dorota Purzycka-Bohdan
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Mariana Smoluchowskiego 17, 80-214 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Joanna Pleńkowska
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Bartosz Słomiński
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Gabig-Cimińska
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland.
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Kładki 24, 80-822 Gdańsk, Poland.
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7
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Wu NL, Liu FT. The expression and function of galectins in skin physiology and pathology. Exp Dermatol 2019; 27:217-226. [PMID: 29427464 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The galectin family comprises β-galactoside-binding proteins widely expressed in many organisms. There are at least 16 family members, which can be classified into three groups based on their carbohydrate-recognition domains. Pleiotropic functions of different galectins in physiological and pathological processes through extracellular or intracellular actions have been revealed. In the skin, galectins are expressed in a variety of cells, including keratinocytes, melanocytes, fibroblasts, dendritic cells, lymphocytes, macrophages and endothelial cells. Expression of specific galectins is reported to affect cell status, such as activation or death, and regulate the interaction between different cell types or between cells and the extracellular matrix. In vitro cellular studies, in vivo animal studies and studies of human clinical material have revealed the pathophysiologic roles of galectins in the skin. The pathogenesis of diverse non-malignant skin disorders, such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, contact dermatitis and wound healing, as well as skin cancers, such as melanoma, squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma and cutaneous haematologic malignancy can be regulated by different galectins. Revelation of biological roles of galectins in skin may pave the way to future development of galectin-based therapeutic strategies for skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan-Lin Wu
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, MacKay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing, and Management, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Tong Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
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Galectin-7 in Epithelial Homeostasis and Carcinomas. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18122760. [PMID: 29257082 PMCID: PMC5751359 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18122760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectins are small unglycosylated soluble lectins distributed both inside and outside the cells. They share a conserved domain for the recognition of carbohydrates (CRD). Although galectins have a common affinity for β-galatosides, they exhibit different binding preferences for complex glycans. First described twenty years ago, galectin-7 is a prototypic galectin, with a single CRD, able to form divalent homodimers. This lectin, which is mainly expressed in stratified epithelia, has been described in epithelial tissues as being involved in apoptotic responses, in proliferation and differentiation but also in cell adhesion and migration. Most members of the galectins family have been associated with cancer biology. One of the main functions of galectins in cancer is their immunomodulating potential and anti-angiogenic activity. Indeed, galectin-1 and -3, are already targeted in clinical trials. Another relevant function of galectins in tumour progression is their ability to regulate cell migration and cell adhesion. Among these galectins, galectin-7 is abnormally expressed in various cancers, most prominently in carcinomas, and is involved in cancer progression and metastasis but its precise functions in tumour biology remain poorly understood. In this issue, we will focus on the physiological functions of galectin-7 in epithelia and present the alterations of galectin-7 expression in carcinomas with the aim to describe its possible functions in tumour progression.
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9
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Huang J, Li L, Liu J, Yu J, Wu X, Xu Y, Ma M, Wang W, Zhang R. Altered expression of lysosomal associated membrane protein 1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Pathol Res Pract 2017; 213:938-942. [PMID: 28687162 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common cancers. LAMP1, major protein components of lysosome, is primarily located on the lysosomal membrane and rarely expressed on the surface of normal cells, playing an important role in the lysosome-mediated physiological processes. Previous studies confirmed that LAMP1 showed high expression in astrocytoma. The purpose of this study was to investigate the expression levels of LAMP1 and to discuss its roles in ESCC. METHODS We collected 610 tissue samples of ESCC patients to construct tissue microarrays, which were subsequently stained by immunohistochemistry with LAMP1 antibody. RESULTS After immunohistochemical staining, a total of 584 patients, including 453 men and 131 women, were analysed. The positive immunostaining was mainly located at the cytoplasm. The LAMP1 expression levels were significantly different between different T status (P<0.001), TNM stages (P<0.01) and degrees of tumor histological differentiation (P<0.001). Besides, LAMP1 expression levels were positively correlated with TNM stages (P<0.05). The higher the TNM stages, the higher the LAMP1 expression levels. Similar results also appeared in degrees of tumor histological differentiation (P<0.01), but not in ages, genders, tumor size, T status, lymphatic metastasis and tumor locations (P>0.05). CONCLUSION LAMP1 is involved in the TNM stages and histological differentiation of the ESCC. Targeted therapy for LAMP1 may be a promising novel therapeutic strategy against poorly differentiated ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Huang
- Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, 89 Guhuai Road, Jining, Shandong 272029, PR China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, 89 Guhuai Road, Jining, Shandong 272029, PR China
| | - Jianli Liu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, 89 Guhuai Road, Jining, Shandong 272029, PR China
| | - Juan Yu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, 89 Guhuai Road, Jining, Shandong 272029, PR China
| | - Xiaoxiao Wu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, 89 Guhuai Road, Jining, Shandong 272029, PR China
| | - Ying Xu
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, 89 Guhuai Road, Jining, Shandong 272029, PR China
| | - Ming Ma
- Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, 89 Guhuai Road, Jining, Shandong 272029, PR China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, 89 Guhuai Road, Jining, Shandong 272029, PR China.
| | - Renya Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, 89 Guhuai Road, Jining, Shandong 272029, PR China.
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Hayez A, Malaisse J, Roegiers E, Reynier M, Renard C, Haftek M, Geenen V, Serre G, Simon M, de Rouvroit CL, Michiels C, Poumay Y. High TMEM45A expression is correlated to epidermal keratinization. Exp Dermatol 2014; 23:339-44. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.12403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Hayez
- Cell and Tissue Laboratory-URPhyM-NARILIS; University of Namur; Namur Belgium
| | - Jérémy Malaisse
- Cell and Tissue Laboratory-URPhyM-NARILIS; University of Namur; Namur Belgium
| | - Edith Roegiers
- Research Unit for Cell biology-NARILIS; University of Namur; Namur Belgium
| | - Marie Reynier
- UMR5165/U1056 CNRS-INSERM-University of Toulouse; UDEAR; Toulouse France
| | - Chantal Renard
- Center of Immunoendocrinology; GIGA-I; University of Liège; Liège Belgium
| | - Marek Haftek
- Laboratoire de Recherche Dermatologique; University of Lyon; Lyon France
| | - Vincent Geenen
- Center of Immunoendocrinology; GIGA-I; University of Liège; Liège Belgium
| | - Guy Serre
- UMR5165/U1056 CNRS-INSERM-University of Toulouse; UDEAR; Toulouse France
| | - Michel Simon
- UMR5165/U1056 CNRS-INSERM-University of Toulouse; UDEAR; Toulouse France
| | | | - Carine Michiels
- Research Unit for Cell biology-NARILIS; University of Namur; Namur Belgium
| | - Yves Poumay
- Cell and Tissue Laboratory-URPhyM-NARILIS; University of Namur; Namur Belgium
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12
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Galectin-1, -3, -7 expressions in congenital and acquired pediatric cholesteatomas compared to external auditory canal skin. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol 2012; 5:62-7. [PMID: 22737285 PMCID: PMC3380114 DOI: 10.3342/ceo.2012.5.2.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2011] [Revised: 09/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is a classical distinction based on clinical criteria between acquired and congenital cholesteatomas. To determine if these two types of lesions show different immunohistochemical features, we have studied the expression patterns of three distinctive galectins (animal lectins implied especially in cellular proliferation and apoptosis) in both types of cholesteatomas and compared it to their expression patterns in external auditory canal skin. METHODS Our study is based on nine acquired and eight congenital cholesteatomas, obtained from children during ear surgery. Six specimens of normal adult auditory meatal skin served as control. Specimens were analyzed by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies with galectin-1 and galectin-3, and a polyclonal antibody with galectin-7. RESULTS We did not observe any differences in the galectin distribution pattern between congenital and acquired pediatric cholesteatomas. Compared to the control group, cholesteatomas present some particular features. There was no expression of galectin-1 and a lower expression of galectin-3 in the epithelium. Furthermore, we observed a preferentially nuclear distribution of galectin-7 in cholesteatomas, whereas it is essentially cytoplasmic in the control group. CONCLUSION The data reported in this study suggest, on the basis of a lesser marked galectin-3 in cholesteatomas epithelium compared with an external auditory canal skin, that an immature keratinocytes population is at the origin of these lesions and that galectin-3 and galectin-7 play a part in the capacity as apoptosis modulators. Our study does not establish a difference in the galectin expressions of congenital and acquired cholesteatomas, but it constitutes however an additional argument in favor of the "undifferentiated" origin of keratinocytes in cholesteatomas.
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Huang Y, Goldberg M, Le T, Qiang R, Warner D, Witkowska HE, Liu H, Zhu L, Denbesten P, Li W. Amelogenin exons 8 and 9 encoded peptide enhances leucine rich amelogenin peptide mediated dental pulp repair. Cells Tissues Organs 2012; 196:151-60. [PMID: 22301468 DOI: 10.1159/000331248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Amelogenins containing exons 8 and 9 are alternatively spliced variants of amelogenin. Some amelogenin spliced variants have been found to promote pulp regeneration following pulp exposure. The function of the amelogenin spliced variants with the exons 8 and 9 remains unknown. In this study, we synthesized recombinant leucine rich amelogenin peptide (LRAP, A-4), LRAP plus exons 8 and 9 peptide (LRAP 8, 9) or exons 8 and 9 peptide (P89), to determine their effects on odontoblasts. In vivo analyses were completed following the insertion of agarose beads containing LRAP or LRAP 8, 9 into exposed cavity preparations of rat molars. After 8, 15 or 30 days' exposure, the pulp tissues were analyzed for changes in histomorphometry and cell proliferation by PCNA stainings. In vitro analyses included the effects of the addition of the recombinant proteins or peptide on cell proliferation, differentiation and adhesion of postnatal human dental pulp cells (DPCs). These studies showed that in vivo LRAP 8, 9 enhanced the reparative dentin formation as compared to LRAP. In vitro LRAP 8, 9 promoted DPC proliferation and differentiation to a greater extent than LRAP. These data suggest that amelogenin exons 8 and 9 may be useful in amelogenin-mediated pulp repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulei Huang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
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14
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Larsen L, Chen HY, Saegusa J, Liu FT. Galectin-3 and the skin. J Dermatol Sci 2011; 64:85-91. [PMID: 21889881 PMCID: PMC3192432 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2011.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Revised: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 07/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Galectin-3 is highly expressed in epithelial cells including keratinocytes and is involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases by affecting the functions of immune cells. For example, galectin-3 can contribute to atopic dermatitis (AD) by promoting polarization toward a Th2 immune response by regulating dendritic cell (DC) and T cell functions. In addition, galectin-3 may be involved in the development of contact hypersensitivity by regulating the migratory capacity of antigen presenting cells. Galectin-3 may act as a regulator of epithelial tumor progression and development through various signaling pathways, such as inhibiting keratinocyte apoptosis through regulation of the activation status of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and activated protein kinase B (AKT). Galectin-3 is detected at different stages of melanoma development. In contrast, a marked decrease in the expression of galectin-3 is observed in non-melanoma skin cancers, such as squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Galectin-3 may play an important role in tumor cell growth, apoptosis, cell motility, invasion, and metastasis. Galectin-3 may be a novel therapeutic target for a variety of skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Larsen
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA
| | - Huan-Yuan Chen
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taiwan
| | - Jun Saegusa
- Department of Clinical Pathology and Immunology, Kobe University
| | - Fu-Tong Liu
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taiwan
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Wei-yuan M, Wen-ting L, Chen Z, Qing S. Significance of DC-LAMP and DC-SIGN expression in psoriasis vulgaris lesions. Exp Mol Pathol 2011; 91:461-5. [PMID: 21596034 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2011.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2010] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To detect and compare the expression levels of two dendritic cell proteins, namely Dendritic Cell Lysosome-Associated Membrane Protein (DC-LAMP) and Dendritic Cell-Specific ICAM-3 Grabbing Non-integrin (DC-SIGN) in psoriasis vulgaris lesions and normal skin tissues. METHODS We used Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemical analysis to detect the expression of DC-LAMP and DC-SIGN in 33 samples representing plaque lesions of psoriasis vulgaris and 11 normal skin samples from healthy volunteers. RESULTS RT-PCR The expression levels of DC-LAMP and DC-SIGN were higher in samples of psoriasis vulgaris lesions than in that of normal skin, based on RT-PCR results.Whereas DC-LAMP staining was mostly cytoplasmic in keratinocytes of basal and spinous epidermis and dermal dendritic cells, DC-SIGN staining was both cytoplasmic and nuclear in keratinocytes of spinous epidermis and dermal dendritic cells. The expression levels of DC-LAMP and DC-SIGN proteins were significantly higher in psoriasis vulgaris lesions when compared with normal skin tissues (P<0.01). Furthermore, we found a positive correlation between high DC-LAMP and high DC-SIGN expression levels in psoriasis vulgaris lesions (P<0.05, r=0.368). CONCLUSION Compared with normal tissues, the levels of DC-LAMP and DC-SIGN were higher in psoriasis vulgaris lesions. Both DC-LAMP and DC-SIGN proteins may be involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis vulgaris. The high expression of DC-LAMP may be associated with the altered differentiation of keratynocytes in psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ma Wei-yuan
- Department of Dermatology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
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Méchin MC, Coudane F, Adoue V, Arnaud J, Duplan H, Charveron M, Schmitt AM, Takahara H, Serre G, Simon M. Deimination is regulated at multiple levels including auto-deimination of peptidylarginine deiminases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2010; 67:1491-503. [PMID: 20111885 PMCID: PMC11115946 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-010-0262-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2009] [Revised: 12/01/2009] [Accepted: 01/07/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) catalyze deimination, converting arginyl to citrullyl residues. Only three PAD isotypes are detected in the epidermis where they play a crucial role, targeting filaggrin, a key actor for the tissue hydration and barrier functions. Their expression and activation depends on the keratinocyte differentiation state. To investigate this regulation, we used primary keratinocytes induced to differentiate either by increasing cell-density or by treatment with vitamin D. High cell-density increased PAD1 and 3, but not PAD2, at the mRNA and protein levels, and up-regulated protein deimination. By contrast, vitamin D increased PAD1-3 mRNA amounts, with distinct kinetics, but neither the proteins nor the deimination rate. Furthermore, auto-deimination was shown to decrease PAD activity, increasing the distances between the four major amino acids of the active site. In summary, deimination can be regulated at multiple levels: transcription of the PADI genes, translation of the corresponding mRNAs, and auto-deimination of PADs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Claire Méchin
- CNRS-University of Toulouse III, UMR5165, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 150 (INSERM-CNRS-Université paul Sabatier-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse), CHU Purpan, Place du Dr Baylac TSA40031, 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Fanny Coudane
- CNRS-University of Toulouse III, UMR5165, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 150 (INSERM-CNRS-Université paul Sabatier-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse), CHU Purpan, Place du Dr Baylac TSA40031, 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Véronique Adoue
- CNRS-University of Toulouse III, UMR5165, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 150 (INSERM-CNRS-Université paul Sabatier-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse), CHU Purpan, Place du Dr Baylac TSA40031, 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Jacques Arnaud
- CNRS-University of Toulouse III, UMR5165, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 150 (INSERM-CNRS-Université paul Sabatier-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse), CHU Purpan, Place du Dr Baylac TSA40031, 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Hélène Duplan
- Centre Européen de Recherche sur la Peau et les Epithéliums de Revêtement (CERPER), Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Charveron
- Centre Européen de Recherche sur la Peau et les Epithéliums de Revêtement (CERPER), Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne-Marie Schmitt
- Centre Européen de Recherche sur la Peau et les Epithéliums de Revêtement (CERPER), Pierre Fabre Dermo-Cosmétique, Toulouse, France
| | - Hidenari Takahara
- Department of Applied Biological Resource Sciences, School of Agriculture, University of Ibaraki, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Guy Serre
- CNRS-University of Toulouse III, UMR5165, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 150 (INSERM-CNRS-Université paul Sabatier-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse), CHU Purpan, Place du Dr Baylac TSA40031, 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Michel Simon
- CNRS-University of Toulouse III, UMR5165, Institut Fédératif de Recherche 150 (INSERM-CNRS-Université paul Sabatier-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse), CHU Purpan, Place du Dr Baylac TSA40031, 31059 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
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Chu Y, Dodiya H, Aebischer P, Olanow CW, Kordower JH. Alterations in lysosomal and proteasomal markers in Parkinson's disease: relationship to alpha-synuclein inclusions. Neurobiol Dis 2009; 35:385-98. [PMID: 19505575 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2009.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 311] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2009] [Revised: 05/28/2009] [Accepted: 05/30/2009] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We explored the relationship between ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) and lysosomal markers and the formation of alpha-synuclein (alpha-syn) inclusions in nigral neurons in Parkinson disease (PD). Lysosome Associated Membrane Protein 1(LAMP1), Cathepsin D (CatD), and Heat Shock Protein73 (HSP73) immunoreactivity were significantly decreased within PD nigral neurons when compared to age-matched controls. This decrease was significantly greater in nigral neurons that contained alpha-syn inclusions. Immunoreactivity for 20S proteasome was similarly reduced in PD nigral neurons, but only in cells that contained inclusions. In aged control brains, there is staining for alpha-syn protein, but it is non-aggregated and there is no difference in LAMP1, CatD, HSP73 or 20S proteasome immunoreactivity between alpha-syn positive or negative neuromelanin-laden nigral neurons. Targeting over-expression of mutant human alpha-syn in the rat substantia nigra using viral vectors revealed that lysosomal and proteasomal markers were significantly decreased in the neurons that displayed alpha-syn-ir inclusions. These findings suggest that alpha-syn aggregation is a key feature associated with decline of proteasome and lysosome and support the hypothesis that cell degeneration in PD involves proteosomal and lysosomal dysfunction, impaired protein clearance, and protein accumulation and aggregation leading to cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Chu
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, 1735 West Harrison Street, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Higaki M, Higaki Y, Kawashima M. Increased expression of CD208 (DC-LAMP) in epidermal keratinocytes of psoriatic lesions. J Dermatol 2009; 36:144-9. [PMID: 19335688 DOI: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2009.00609.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by epidermal hyperproliferation and infiltration of inflammatory leukocytes. The aim of this study was to clarify the role of innate immunity involving dendritic cells (DC) and keratinocytes in psoriasis. We immunohistochemically examined the expression of DC markers such as CD1a, CD83, CD207 (Langerin), CD208 (DC-LAMP) and CD209 (DC-SIGN) in psoriatic skin and gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma)/12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-stimulated keratinocytes in vitro. CD208 was strongly expressed in basal and suprabasal layer keratinocytes in addition to DC in the perivascular lesions of the psoriatic dermis. Furthermore, the enhanced expression of CD208 in the perinuclear lesions of IFN-gamma-/TPA-stimulated keratinocytes was observed in vitro. Because a defect of the granular layer in psoriatic lesions has been recognized, increased expression of lysosome-related CD208 in the basal and suprabasal keratinocytes of psoriatic lesions might represent aberrant epidermal differentiation. Additionally, these CD208-positive keratinocytes possessing putative antigen-processing activity might play a key role as antigen-presenting cells in psoriatic skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumu Higaki
- Research Center for Medical Sciences, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Le TQ, Zhang Y, Li W, Denbesten PK. The effect of LRAP on enamel organ epithelial cell differentiation. J Dent Res 2007; 86:1095-9. [PMID: 17959903 DOI: 10.1177/154405910708601114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich amelogenin peptide (LRAP) is an alternatively spliced amelogenin found in the developing enamel organ. LRAP functions to regulate the development of mesenchymal-derived cells; however, its effect on cells of the enamel organ remains unclear. The hypothesis tested in this study is that LRAP also regulates human enamel organ epithelial cells. Recombinant human LRAP (rH58) was synthesized in E. coli, purified, and exogenously added to cultures of human primary enamel epithelial cells, which were analyzed for changes in cell proliferation and differentiation. rH58 had no effect on cell proliferation, but altered enamel epithelial cell morphology, resulting in larger, more rounded cells. Immunofluorescence showed that rH58 treatment increased amelogenin synthesis, but down-regulated Notch1 expression in enamel epithelial cells. LAMP-1, a membrane receptor for LRAP in mesenchymal cells, was identified and was up-regulated in the presence of rH58. These results suggest that rH58 promotes differentiation of human enamel organ epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Q Le
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, University of California at San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, PO Box #0422; San Francisco, CA 94143-0422, USA.
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Sanchez S, Milochau A, Ruffie G, Poulletier de Gannes F, Lagroye I, Haro E, Surleve-Bazeille JE, Billaudel B, Lassegues M, Veyret B. Human skin cell stress response to GSM-900 mobile phone signals. In vitro study on isolated primary cells and reconstructed epidermis. FEBS J 2006; 273:5491-507. [PMID: 17094784 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2006.05541.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, possible health hazards due to radiofrequency radiation (RFR) emitted by mobile phones have been investigated. Because several publications have suggested that RFR is stressful, we explored the potential biological effects of Global System for Mobile phone communication at 900 MHz (GSM-900) exposure on cultures of isolated human skin cells and human reconstructed epidermis (hRE) using human keratinocytes. As cell stress markers, we studied Hsc70, Hsp27 and Hsp70 heat shock protein (HSP) expression and epidermis thickness, as well as cell proliferation and apoptosis. Cells were exposed to GSM-900 under optimal culture conditions, for 48 h, using a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 2 W x kg(-1). This SAR level represents the recommended limit for local exposure to a mobile phone. The various biological parameters were analysed immediately after exposure. Apoptosis was not induced in isolated cells and there was no alteration in hRE thickness or proliferation. No change in HSP expression was observed in isolated keratinocytes. By contrast, a slight but significant increase in Hsp70 expression was observed in hREs after 3 and 5 weeks of culture. Moreover, fibroblasts showed a significant decrease in Hsc70, depending on the culture conditions. These results suggest that adaptive cell behaviour in response to RFR exposure, depending on the cell type and culture conditions, is unlikely to have deleterious effects at the skin level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Sanchez
- Bordeaux 1 University, Physics of Wave-Matter Interaction (PIOM) Laboratory, ENSCPB, Pessac, France.
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