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Efficacy of topically applied rapamycin-loaded redox-sensitive nanocarriers in a human skin/T cell co-culture model. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109903. [PMID: 36848792 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Rapamycin, also known as Sirolimus, is a promising anti-proliferative drug, but its therapeutic use for the topical treatment of inflammatory, hyperproliferative skin disorders is limited by insufficient penetration rates due to its high molecular weight (MW of 914.172 g/mol) and high lipophilicity. We have shown that core multi-shell (CMS) nanocarriers sensitive to oxidative environment can improve drug delivery to the skin. In this study, we investigated the mTOR inhibitory activity of these oxidation-sensitive CMS (osCMS) nanocarrier formulations in an inflammatory ex vivo human skin model. In this model, features of inflamed skin were introduced by treating the ex vivo tissue with low-dose serine protease (SP) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), while phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate and ionomycin were used to stimulate IL-17A production in the co-cultured SeAx cells. Furthermore, we tried to elucidate the effects of rapamycin on single cell populations isolated from skin (keratinocytes, fibroblast) as well as on SeAx cells. Further, we measured possible effects of the rapamycin formulations on dendritic cell (DC) migration and activation. The inflammatory skin model enabled the assessment of biological readouts at both the tissue and T cell level. All investigated formulations successfully delivered rapamycin across the skin as revealed by reduced IL-17A levels. Nevertheless, only the osCMS formulations reached higher anti-inflammatory effects in the skin compared to the control formulations with a significant downregulation of mTOR activity. These results indicate that osCMS formulations could help to establish rapamycin, or even other drugs with similar physico-chemical properties, in topical anti-inflammatory therapy.
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Germer G, Ohigashi T, Yuzawa H, Kosugi N, Flesch R, Rancan F, Vogt A, Rühl E. Improved Skin Permeability after Topical Treatment with Serine Protease: Probing the Penetration of Rapamycin by Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:12213-12222. [PMID: 34056375 PMCID: PMC8154144 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c01058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Drug penetration in human skin ex vivo following a modification of skin barrier permeability is systematically investigated by scanning transmission X-ray microscopy. Element-selective excitation is used in the O 1s regime for probing quantitatively the penetration of topically applied rapamycin in different formulations with a spatial resolution reaching <75 nm. The data were analyzed by a comparison of two methods: (i) two-photon energies employing the Beer-Lambert law and (ii) a singular value decomposition approach making use of the full spectral information in each pixel of the X-ray micrographs. The latter approach yields local drug concentrations more reliably and sensitively probed than the former. The present results from both approaches indicate that rapamycin is not observed within the stratum corneum of nontreated skin ex vivo, providing evidence for the observation that this high-molecular-weight drug inefficiently penetrates intact skin. However, rapamycin is observed to penetrate more efficiently the stratum corneum when modifications of the skin barrier are induced by the topical pretreatment with the serine protease trypsin for variable time periods ranging from 2 to 16 h. After the longest exposure time to serine protease, the drug is even found in the viable epidermis. High-resolution micrographs indicate that the lipophilic drug preferably associates with corneocytes, while signals found in the intercellular lipid compartment were less pronounced. This result is discussed in comparison to previous work obtained from low-molecular-weight lipophilic drugs as well as polymer nanocarriers, which were found to penetrate the intact stratum corneum exclusively via the lipid layers between the corneocytes. Also, the role of the tight junction barrier in the stratum granulosum is briefly discussed with respect to modifications of the skin barrier induced by enhanced serine protease activity, a phenomenon of clinical relevance in a range of inflammatory skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Germer
- Physical
Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Takuji Ohigashi
- UVSOR
Synchrotron Facility, Institute for Molecular
Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Hayato Yuzawa
- UVSOR
Synchrotron Facility, Institute for Molecular
Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Kosugi
- UVSOR
Synchrotron Facility, Institute for Molecular
Science, Okazaki 444-8585, Japan
| | - Roman Flesch
- Physical
Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | | | - Annika Vogt
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin, Berlin 10117, Germany
| | - Eckart Rühl
- Physical
Chemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 22, Berlin 14195, Germany
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5
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Bessis D, Morice-Picard F, Bourrat E, Abadie C, Aouinti S, Baumann C, Best M, Bursztejn AC, Capri Y, Chiaverini C, Coubes C, Giuliano F, Hadj-Rabia S, Jacquemont ML, Lacombe D, Lyonnet S, Mallet S, Mazereeuw-Hautier J, Miquel J, Molinari N, Parfait B, Pernet C, Philip N, Pinson L, Pouvreau N, Vial Y, Sarda P, Sigaudy S, Verloes A, Cavé H, Geneviève D. Dermatological manifestations in cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome: a prospective multicentric study of 45 mutation-positive patients. Br J Dermatol 2018; 180:172-180. [PMID: 30141192 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.17077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on dermatological manifestations of cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome (CFCS) remain heterogeneous and almost without expert dermatological classification. OBJECTIVES To describe the dermatological manifestations of CFCS; to compare them with the literature findings; to assess those discriminating CFCS from other RASopathies, including Noonan syndrome (NS) and Costello syndrome (CS); and to test for dermatological phenotype-genotype correlations. METHODS We performed a 4-year, large, prospective, multicentric, collaborative dermatological and genetic study. RESULTS Forty-five patients were enrolled. Hair abnormalities were ubiquitous, including scarcity or absence of eyebrows and wavy or curly hair in 73% and 69% of patients, respectively. Keratosis pilaris (KP), ulerythema ophryogenes (UO), palmoplantar hyperkeratosis (PPHK) and multiple melanocytic naevi (MMN; over 50 naevi) were noted in 82%, 44%, 27% and 29% of patients, respectively. Scarcity or absence of eyebrows, association of UO and PPHK, diffuse KP and MMN best differentiated CFCS from NS and CS. Oral acitretin may be highly beneficial for therapeutic management of PPHK, whereas treatment of UO by topical sirolimus 1% failed. No significant dermatological phenotype-genotype correlation was determined. CONCLUSIONS A thorough knowledge of CFCS skin manifestations would help in making a positive diagnosis and differentiating CFCS from CS and NS.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Bessis
- Department of Dermatology, Saint-Eloi Hospital, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,INSERM U1058, Montpellier, France
| | - F Morice-Picard
- Department of Pediatric Dermatology, Pellegrin University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, AP-HP, France
| | - E Bourrat
- Department of Pediatric Dermatology, Robert-Debré Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - C Abadie
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Sud Hospital and University Hospital of Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - S Aouinti
- Department of Statistics, La Colombière Hospital and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - C Baumann
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Robert-Debré Hospital, AP-HP and University of Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - M Best
- Department of Dermatology, Saint-Eloi Hospital, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - A-C Bursztejn
- Department of Dermatology, Brabois Hospital, University of Nancy, Nancy, France
| | - Y Capri
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Robert-Debré Hospital, AP-HP and University of Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - C Chiaverini
- Department of Dermatology, L'Archet 2 Hospital and University of Nice, Nice, France
| | - C Coubes
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Arnaud de Villeneuve Hospital, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - F Giuliano
- Department of Clinical Genetics, L'Archet 2 Hospital and University of Nice, Nice, France
| | - S Hadj-Rabia
- Department of Pediatric Dermatology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - M-L Jacquemont
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Femme-Mère-Enfant Hospital, University of South Reunion, Saint-Pierre, Réunion, France
| | - D Lacombe
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Pellegrin University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, AP-HP, France
| | - S Lyonnet
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - S Mallet
- Department of Dermatology, La Timone Hospital, AP-HM and University of Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - J Mazereeuw-Hautier
- Department of Dermatology, Larrey Hospital, Reference Center for Rare Skin Diseases, University of Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - J Miquel
- Department of Pediatric Dermatology, Femme-Mère-Enfant Hospital, University of South Reunion, Saint-Pierre, Réunion, France.,Department of Dermatology, University of Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - N Molinari
- Department of Statistics, La Colombière Hospital and University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - B Parfait
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Biology, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, University Paris V, Paris, France
| | - C Pernet
- Department of Dermatology, Saint-Eloi Hospital, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - N Philip
- Department of Clinical Genetics, La Timone Hospital, AP-HM and University of Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - L Pinson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Arnaud de Villeneuve Hospital, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - N Pouvreau
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Robert-Debré Hospital, AP-HP and University of Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - Y Vial
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Robert-Debré Hospital, AP-HP and University of Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - P Sarda
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Arnaud de Villeneuve Hospital, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - S Sigaudy
- Department of Clinical Genetics, La Timone Hospital, AP-HM and University of Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - A Verloes
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Robert-Debré Hospital, AP-HP and University of Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - H Cavé
- Department of Genetic Biochemistry, Robert-Debré Hospital, AP-HP and University of Paris-Diderot, Paris, France
| | - D Geneviève
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Arnaud de Villeneuve Hospital, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,INSERM U1183, Montpellier, France
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Fogel AL, Hill S, Teng JMC. Advances in the therapeutic use of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors in dermatology. J Am Acad Dermatol 2015; 72:879-89. [PMID: 25769191 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Significant developments in the use of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors (mTORIs) as immunosuppressant and antiproliferative agents have been made. Recent advances in the understanding of the mTOR signaling pathway and its downstream effects on tumorigenesis and vascular proliferation have broadened the clinical applications of mTORIs in many challenging disorders such as tuberous sclerosis complex, pachyonychia congenita, complex vascular anomalies, and inflammatory dermatoses. Systemic mTORI therapy has shown benefits in these areas, but is associated with significant side effects that sometimes necessitate drug holidays. To mitigate the side effects of systemic mTORIs for dermatologic applications, preliminary work to assess the potential of percutaneous therapy has been performed, and the evidence suggests that percutaneous delivery of mTORIs may allow for effective long-term therapy while avoiding systemic toxicities. Additional large placebo-controlled, double-blinded, randomized studies are needed to assess the efficacy, safety, duration, and tolerability of topical treatments. The objective of this review is to provide updated information on the novel use of mTORIs in the management of many cutaneous disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joyce M C Teng
- Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California; Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California; Pediatric Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California; Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California.
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Mathes SH, Ruffner H, Graf-Hausner U. The use of skin models in drug development. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2014; 69-70:81-102. [PMID: 24378581 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2013.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Three dimensional (3D) tissue models of the human skin are probably the most developed and understood in vitro engineered constructs. The motivation to accomplish organotypic structures was driven by the clinics to enable transplantation of in vitro grown tissue substitutes and by the cosmetics industry as alternative test substrates in order to replace animal models. Today a huge variety of 3D human skin models exist, covering a multitude of scientific and/or technical demands. This review summarizes and discusses different approaches of skin model development and sets them into the context of drug development. Although human skin models have become indispensable for the cosmetics industry, they have not yet started their triumphal procession in pharmaceutical research and development. For drug development these tissue models may be of particular interest for a) systemically acting drugs applied on the skin, and b) drugs acting at the site of application in the case of skin diseases or disorders. Although quite a broad spectrum of models covering different aspects of the skin as a biologically acting surface exists, these are most often single stand-alone approaches. In order to enable the comprehensive application into drug development processes, the approaches have to be synchronized to allow a cross-over comparison. Besides the development of biological relevant models, other issues are not less important in the context of drug development: standardized production procedures, process automation, establishment of significant analytical methods, and data correlation. For the successful routine use of engineered human skin models in drug development, major requirements were defined. If these requirements can be accomplished in the next few years, human organotypic skin models will become indispensable for drug development, too.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie H Mathes
- Institute of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Einsiedlerstrasse 31, 8820 Waedenswil, Switzerland
| | - Heinz Ruffner
- Developmental and Molecular Pathways (DMP), Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research (NIBR), Fabrikstrasse 22, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Graf-Hausner
- Institute of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Zurich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Einsiedlerstrasse 31, 8820 Waedenswil, Switzerland.
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