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Rapanotti MC, Cugini E, Campione E, Di Raimondo C, Costanza G, Rossi P, Ferlosio A, Bernardini S, Orlandi A, De Luca A, Bianchi L. Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Gene Signature in Circulating Melanoma Cells: Biological and Clinical Relevance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11792. [PMID: 37511550 PMCID: PMC10380315 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The most promising method for monitoring patients with minimal morbidity is the detection of circulating melanoma cells (CMCs). We have shown that CD45-CD146+ABCB5+ CMCs identify a rare primitive stem/mesenchymal CMCs population associated with disease progression. The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) confers cancer cells a hybrid epithelial/mesenchymal phenotype promoting metastatization. Thus, we investigated the potential clinical value of the EMT gene signature of these primitive CMCs. A reliable quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) protocol was settled up using tumor cell lines RNA dilutions. Afterwards, immune-magnetically isolated CMCs from advanced melanoma patients, at onset and at the first checkpoint (following immune or targeted therapy), were tested for the level of EMT hallmarks and EMT transcription factor genes. Despite the small cohort of patients, we obtained promising results. Indeed, we observed a deep gene rewiring of the EMT investigated genes: in particular we found that the EMT gene signature of isolated CMCs correlated with patients' clinical outcomes. In conclusion, We established a reliable qRT-PCR protocol with high sensitivity and specificity to characterize the gene expression of isolated CMCs. To our knowledge, this is the first evidence demonstrating the impact of immune or targeted therapies on EMT hallmark gene expressions in CMCs from advanced melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Rapanotti
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa Cugini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Campione
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Cosimo Di Raimondo
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Gaetana Costanza
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Piero Rossi
- Surgery Division, Department of Surgery Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Amedeo Ferlosio
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Bernardini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Augusto Orlandi
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Anastasia De Luca
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Bianchi
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Safai B, Wu AG, Hamby CV. Prognostic Biomarkers in Melanoma: Tailoring Treatments to the Patient. THE JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND AESTHETIC DERMATOLOGY 2021; 14:44-48. [PMID: 35096254 PMCID: PMC8794494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is often difficult to accurately predict how a melanoma will progress because melanomas can be so diverse in their genetic and histological makeup. OBJECTIVE We sought to characterize the current state and progression of biomedical markers towards their utilization as prognostic indicators for patients with melanoma. METHODS A literature search of the research repository databases PubMed and GoogleScholar was conducted using the following inclusion criteria: (1) published within the last 10 years, and (2) use of overall survival, disease progression, or clinical outcome as primary endpoints. Search terms included various permutations of "biomarkers," "prognostic," "immunologic," "serologic," "visual," and "melanoma." Results were evaluated for statistical power, results significance, and experimental design integrity. RESULTS The prognostic capabilities of clinical tests for malignant melanoma have made great strides in the last few years, with several serologic and immunohistochemical biomarkers being preliminarily linked to various measures of clinical prognosis. While clinical feasibility of a single sensitive and specific biomarker remains unfeasible, use of select combinations of tested biomarkers remain viable. CONCLUSION Diagnostic and prognostic genetic assays have begun to cross over from research to commercial application, giving physicians additional tools during the early stages of diagnosis to optimize and individualize treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijan Safai
- Dr. Safai is with the Department of Dermatology, Metropolitan Hospital in New York, New York
- Mr. Wu and Dr. Hamby are with New York Medical College School of Medicine in Valhalla, New York
| | - Albert G Wu
- Dr. Safai is with the Department of Dermatology, Metropolitan Hospital in New York, New York
- Mr. Wu and Dr. Hamby are with New York Medical College School of Medicine in Valhalla, New York
| | - Carl V Hamby
- Dr. Safai is with the Department of Dermatology, Metropolitan Hospital in New York, New York
- Mr. Wu and Dr. Hamby are with New York Medical College School of Medicine in Valhalla, New York
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3
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Rapanotti MC, Cugini E, Nuccetelli M, Terrinoni A, Di Raimondo C, Lombardo P, Costanza G, Cosio T, Rossi P, Orlandi A, Campione E, Bernardini S, Blot-Chabaud M, Bianchi L. MCAM/MUC18/CD146 as a Multifaceted Warning Marker of Melanoma Progression in Liquid Biopsy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12416. [PMID: 34830300 PMCID: PMC8623757 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Human malignant melanoma shows a high rate of mortality after metastasization, and its incidence is continuously rising worldwide. Several studies have suggested that MCAM/MUC18/CD146 plays an important role in the progression of this malignant disease. MCAM/MUC18/CD146 is a typical single-spanning transmembrane glycoprotein, existing as two membrane isoforms, long and short, and an additional soluble form, sCD146. We previously documented that molecular MCAM/MUC18/CD146 expression is strongly associated with disease progression. Recently, we showed that MCAM/MUC18/CD146 and ABCB5 can serve as melanoma-specific-targets in the selection of highly primitive circulating melanoma cells, and constitute putative proteins associated with disease spreading progression. Here, we analyzed CD146 molecular expression at onset or at disease recurrence in an enlarged melanoma case series. For some patients, we also performed the time courses of molecular monitoring. Moreover, we explored the role of soluble CD146 in different cohorts of melanoma patients at onset or disease progression, rather than in clinical remission, undergoing immune therapy or free from any clinical treatment. We showed that MCAM/MUC18/CD146 can be considered as: (1) a membrane antigen suitable for identification and enrichment in melanoma liquid biopsy; (2) a highly effective molecular "warning" marker for minimal residual disease monitoring; and (3) a soluble protein index of inflammation and putative response to therapeutic treatments.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor/blood
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- CD146 Antigen/blood
- CD146 Antigen/chemistry
- CD146 Antigen/genetics
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Gene Expression
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Liquid Biopsy
- Longitudinal Studies
- Male
- Melanoma/blood
- Melanoma/genetics
- Melanoma/pathology
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/blood
- Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/genetics
- Neoplasm, Residual/blood
- Neoplasm, Residual/genetics
- Neoplastic Cells, Circulating/metabolism
- Skin Neoplasms/blood
- Skin Neoplasms/genetics
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
- Solubility
- Young Adult
- Melanoma, Cutaneous Malignant
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Rapanotti
- Department of Onco-Haematology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy; (E.C.); (M.N.); (A.T.); (G.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Elisa Cugini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy; (E.C.); (M.N.); (A.T.); (G.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Marzia Nuccetelli
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy; (E.C.); (M.N.); (A.T.); (G.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Alessandro Terrinoni
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy; (E.C.); (M.N.); (A.T.); (G.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Cosimo Di Raimondo
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.D.R.); (P.L.); (T.C.); (E.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Paolo Lombardo
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.D.R.); (P.L.); (T.C.); (E.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Gaetana Costanza
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy; (E.C.); (M.N.); (A.T.); (G.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Terenzio Cosio
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.D.R.); (P.L.); (T.C.); (E.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Piero Rossi
- Department of Surgery Sciences, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Augusto Orlandi
- Anatomic Pathology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Elena Campione
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.D.R.); (P.L.); (T.C.); (E.C.); (L.B.)
| | - Sergio Bernardini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy; (E.C.); (M.N.); (A.T.); (G.C.); (S.B.)
| | - Marcel Blot-Chabaud
- Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale (INSERM), UMR-S 1076, Aix-Marseille University, UFR Pharmacy, 13005 Marseille, France;
| | - Luca Bianchi
- Dermatology Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy; (C.D.R.); (P.L.); (T.C.); (E.C.); (L.B.)
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4
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Feng R, Wang Y, Ramachandran V, Ma Q, May MM, Li M, Zhou JX, Xu X, Xu K, Fang S, Xia W, Sui D, Liu H, Gao X, Prieto V, Blacklow SC, Lu M, Lee JE. Characterization of novel neutralizing mouse monoclonal antibody JM1-24-3 developed against MUC18 in metastatic melanoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2020; 39:273. [PMID: 33278894 PMCID: PMC7718695 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01722-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MUC18 is a glycoprotein highly expressed on the surface of melanoma and other cancers which promotes tumor progression and metastasis. However, its mechanism of action and suitability as a therapeutic target are unknown. METHODS A monoclonal antibody (mAb) (JM1-24-3) was generated from metastatic melanoma tumor live cell immunization, and high-throughput screening identified MUC18 as the target. RESULTS Analysis of molecular interactions between MUC18 and JM1-24-3 revealed that the downstream signaling events depended on binding of the mAb to a conformational epitope on the extracellular domain of MUC18. JM1-24-3 inhibited melanoma cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro and reduced tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. CONCLUSION These results confirm that MUC18 is mechanistically important in melanoma growth and metastasis, suggest that the MUC18 epitope identified is a promising therapeutic target, and that the JM1-24-3 mAb may serve as the basis for a potential therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runhua Feng
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of General Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Yuling Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Vijaya Ramachandran
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | - Matthew M May
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Otolaryngology, Mayo School of Graduate Medical Education, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.,Department of Pathology, Anhui Province Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Joe X Zhou
- LC Sciences, LLC, Houston, TX, 77054, USA
| | - Xiang Xu
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Department of Pathology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Kejing Xu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Shenying Fang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Weiya Xia
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Dawen Sui
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Huey Liu
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Xiaolian Gao
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, The University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA
| | - Victor Prieto
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Stephen C Blacklow
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Mason Lu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA. .,MedAbome, Inc., Fremont, CA, 94538, USA.
| | - Jeffrey E Lee
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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5
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Minimal Residual Disease in Melanoma:molecular characterization of in transit cutaneous metastases and Circulating Melanoma Cells recognizes an expression panel potentially related to disease progression. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2020; 25:100262. [PMID: 33338742 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2020.100262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Isolating circulating melanoma cells (CMCs) represents a powerful method to monitor minimal residual disease. We documented that MCAM/MUC18/CD146 expression is strongly associated with disease progression. ABCB5 is melanoma-stem antigen with self-renewal, proliferation, differentiation, tumorigenicity capabilities. These findings supported us to improve CMC detection, investigating MCAM/MUC18/CD146 and ABCB5 as enrichment targets in MM progression. Moreover, we decided to compare possible molecular diversity of these CMC fractions with metastatic tissue expression, collecting concomitantly cutaneous in transit metastases (CTM). We enriched CMCs from eight melanoma patients staged ≥pT1b AJCC, who developed CTMs at baseline or during follow up. We assessed a gene expression panel comprising ABCB5, the differentiation markers (Tyrosinase, MART1), angiogenic factors (VEGF, bFGF), the cell-cell adhesion molecules (MCAM/MUC18/CD146 5'-portion, Long, and Short isoforms, E-Cadherin, N-Cadherin, VE-Cadherin) and matrix-metallo-proteinases (MMP2 and MMP9) via high-sensitive RT-PCR. Preliminary findings defined three distinct sub-populations: "endothelial" CD45-CD146+CMCs, "stem" CD45-ABCB5+CMCs and a "hybrid- stem-endothelial"- CD45-MCAM+ABCB5+CMCs. The expression panel documented that - almost high expression found in CTMs - like in 73.5% of CMCs resulted positive for at least one transcript at baseline, showing gene-expression variability. Longitudinal monitoring documented shut-down of all gene-expressions in "endothelial"- and "hybrid stem-endothelial"-subsets, whilst persistency or acquisition of MCAM/MUC18/CD146, VE-CADH and MMPs was documented in disease-progression status.Conversely, a drastic expression shut-down was documented when patients achieved clinical remission. The "stem"- CMCs fraction" showed quite lower gene expression frequencies. MCAM/MUC18/CD146 and ABCB5 as melanoma-specific-targets are effective in the selection of highly primitive CMCs and highlights those putative genes associated with disease spreading progression.
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6
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Smart JA, Oleksak JE, Hartsough EJ. Cell Adhesion Molecules in Plasticity and Metastasis. Mol Cancer Res 2020; 19:25-37. [PMID: 33004622 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-20-0595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prior to metastasis, modern therapeutics and surgical intervention can provide a favorable long-term survival for patients diagnosed with many types of cancers. However, prognosis is poor for patients with metastasized disease. Melanoma is the deadliest form of skin cancer, yet in situ and localized, thin melanomas can be biopsied with little to no postsurgical follow-up. However, patients with metastatic melanoma require significant clinical involvement and have a 5-year survival of only 34% to 52%, largely dependent on the site of colonization. Melanoma metastasis is a multi-step process requiring dynamic changes in cell surface proteins regulating adhesiveness to the extracellular matrix (ECM), stroma, and other cancer cells in varied tumor microenvironments. Here we will highlight recent literature to underscore how cell adhesion molecules (CAM) contribute to melanoma disease progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Smart
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Julia E Oleksak
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Professional Studies, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Edward J Hartsough
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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7
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Rapanotti MC, Campione E, Suarez Viguria TM, Spallone G, Costanza G, Rossi P, Orlandi A, Valenti P, Bernardini S, Bianchi L. Stem-Mesenchymal Signature Cell Genes Detected in Heterogeneous Circulating Melanoma Cells Correlate With Disease Stage in Melanoma Patients. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:92. [PMID: 32548126 PMCID: PMC7272706 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During the process of metastasis, cancer cells dissociate from primary tumors, migrate to distal sites, and finally colonize, eventually leading to the formation of metastatic tumors. These cancer cells, defined circulating tumor cells (CTCs) spreading through the blood stream, may develop metastatic lesions or remain dormant. Some emerging clinical evidence supports that some tumor cells may possess metastatic properties already in the earlier stages of tumorigenesis. Because the initiation and progression of vertical growth in human melanoma is fundamental to the notion of tumor virulence and progression, we decided to immune-magnetic collect and molecularly characterize circulating melanoma cells (CMCs) from melanoma patients AJCC staged = pT1b (i.e., transition from radial to vertical phase). CMCs are phenotypically and molecularly heterogeneous, thus we performed a "home-made Liquid-Biopsy," by targeting the melanoma-associated-antigen, MCAM/MUC18/CD146, and/or the melanoma-initiating marker, ABCB5. We assessed a biomarker qualitative expression panel, contemplating the angiogenic-potential, melanoma-initiating and melanoma-differentiation drivers, cell-cell adhesion molecules, matrix-metallo-proteinases, which was performed on three enriched subpopulations from a total of 61 blood-samples from 21 melanoma patients. At first, a significant differential expression of the specific transcripts was documented between and within the CMC fractions enriched with MCAM-, ABCB5-, and both MCAM/ABCB5-coated beads, when analyzing two distinct groups: early AJCC- (stage I-II) and advanced- staged patients (stage II-IV). Moreover, in the early-AJCC staged-group, we could distinguish "endothelial," CD45-MCAM+ enriched-, "stem" S-CMCs, CD45-ABCB5+ enriched- and a third hybrid bi-phenotypic CD45-MCAM+/ABCB5+ enriched-fractions, due to three distinct gene-expression profiles. In particular, the endothelial-CMCs were characterized by positive expression of genes involved in migration and invasion, whilst the stem CMC-fraction only expressed stem and differentiation markers. The third subpopulation isolated based on concurrent MCAM and ABCB5 protein expression showed an invasive phenotype. All three distinct CMCs sub-populations, exhibited a primitive, "stem-mesenchymal" profile suggesting a highly aggressive and metastasizing phenotype. This study confirms the phenotypic and molecular heterogeneity observed in melanoma and highlights those putative genes involved in early melanoma spreading and disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Cristina Rapanotti
- Department of Onco-Haematology, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Campione
- Department of Dermatology, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Tara Mayte Suarez Viguria
- Department of Onco-Haematology, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Spallone
- Department of Dermatology, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gaetana Costanza
- Anatomic Pathology Division, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Piero Rossi
- Surgery Division, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Augusto Orlandi
- Anatomic Pathology Division, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Piera Valenti
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Bernardini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Bianchi
- Department of Dermatology, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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8
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Identification and Validation of Prognostically Relevant Gene Signature in Melanoma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:5323614. [PMID: 32462000 PMCID: PMC7238332 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5323614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Currently, effective genetic markers are limited to predict the clinical outcome of melanoma. High-throughput multiomics sequencing data have provided a valuable approach for the identification of genes associated with cancer prognosis. Method The multidimensional data of melanoma patients, including clinical, genomic, and transcriptomic data, were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). These samples were then randomly divided into two groups, one for training dataset and the other for validation dataset. In order to select reliable biomarkers, we screened prognosis-related genes, copy number variation genes, and SNP variation genes and integrated these genes to further select features using random forests in the training dataset. We screened for robust biomarkers and established a gene-related prognostic model. Finally, we verified the selected biomarkers in the test sets (GSE19234 and GSE65904) and on clinical samples extracted from melanoma patients using qRT-PCR and immunohistochemistry analysis. Results We obtained 1569 prognostic-related genes and 1101 copy-amplification, 1093 copy-deletions, and 92 significant mutations in genomic variants. These genomic variant genes were closely related to the development of tumors and genes that integrate genomic variation. A total of 141 candidate genes were obtained from prognosis-related genes. Six characteristic genes (IQCE, RFX6, GPAA1, BAHCC1, CLEC2B, and AGAP2) were selected by random forest feature selection, many of which have been reported to be associated with tumor progression. Cox regression analysis was used to establish a 6-gene signature. Experimental verification with qRT-PCR and immunohistochemical staining proved that these selected genes were indeed expressed at a significantly higher level compared with the normal tissues. This signature comprised an independent prognostic factor for melanoma patients. Conclusions We constructed a 6-gene signature (IQCE, RFX6, GPAA1, BAHCC1, CLEC2B, and AGAP2) as a novel prognostic marker for predicting the survival of melanoma patients.
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9
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Molecular Expression of Bone Marrow Angiogenic Factors, Cell-Cell Adhesion Molecules and Matrix-Metallo-Proteinases in Plasmacellular Disorders: a Molecular Panel to İnvestigate Disease Progression. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2018; 10:e2018059. [PMID: 30416691 PMCID: PMC6223577 DOI: 10.4084/mjhid.2018.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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10
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Eisenstein A, Gonzalez EC, Raghunathan R, Xu X, Wu M, McLean EO, McGee J, Ryu B, Alani RM. Emerging Biomarkers in Cutaneous Melanoma. Mol Diagn Ther 2018; 22:203-218. [PMID: 29411301 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-018-0318-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Earlier identification of aggressive melanoma remains a goal in the field of melanoma research. With new targeted and immune therapies that have revolutionized the care of patients with melanoma, the ability to predict progression and monitor or predict response to therapy has become the new focus of research into biomarkers in melanoma. In this review, promising biomarkers are highlighted. These biomarkers have been used to diagnose melanoma as well as predict progression to advanced disease and response to therapy. The biomarkers take various forms, including protein expression at the level of tissue, genetic mutations of cancer cells, and detection of circulating DNA. First, a brief description is provided about the conventional tissue markers used to stage melanoma, including tumor depth. Next, protein biomarkers, which provide both diagnostic and prognostic information, are described. This is followed by a discussion of important genetic mutations, microRNA, and epigenetic modifications that can provide therapeutic and prognostic material. Finally, emerging serologic biomarkers are reviewed, including circulating melanoma cells and exosomes. Overall the goal is to identify biomarkers that aid in the earlier identification and improved treatment of aggressive melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Eisenstein
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, 609 Albany Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Estela Chen Gonzalez
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, 609 Albany Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Rekha Raghunathan
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, 609 Albany Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Xixi Xu
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, 609 Albany Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Muzhou Wu
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, 609 Albany Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Emily O McLean
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, 609 Albany Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Jean McGee
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, 609 Albany Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Byungwoo Ryu
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, 609 Albany Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| | - Rhoda M Alani
- Department of Dermatology, Boston University School of Medicine, 609 Albany Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
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11
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De Luca A, Carpanese D, Rapanotti MC, Viguria TMS, Forgione MA, Rotili D, Fulci C, Iorio E, Quintieri L, Chimenti S, Bianchi L, Rosato A, Caccuri AM. The nitrobenzoxadiazole derivative MC3181 blocks melanoma invasion and metastasis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:15520-15538. [PMID: 28107182 PMCID: PMC5362503 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 12/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD) derivative MC3181 is endowed with remarkable therapeutic activity in mice bearing both sensitive and vemurafenib-resistant human melanoma xenografts. Here, we report that subtoxic concentrations of this compound significantly reduced invasiveness of BRAF-V600D mutated WM115 and WM266.4 melanoma cell lines derived from the primary lesion and related skin metastasis of the same patient, respectively. The strong antimetastatic activity of MC3181 was observed in both 2D monolayer cultures and 3D multicellular tumor spheroids, and confirmed in vivo by the significant decrease in the number of B16-F10 melanoma lung metastases in drug-treated mice. Our data also show that MC3181 affects the lactate production in the high glycolytic WM266.4 cell line. To unveil the MC3181 mechanism of action, we analyzed the ability of MC3181 to affect the degree of activation of different MAPK pathways, as well as the expression/activity levels of several proteins involved in angiogenesis, invasion, and survival (i.e. AP2, MCAM/MUC18, N-cadherin, VEGF and MMP-2). Our data disclosed both a decrease of the phospho-active form of JNK and an increased expression of the transcription factor AP2, events that occur in the very early phase of drug treatment and may be responsible of the antimetastatic effects of MC3181.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia De Luca
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Debora Carpanese
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Dante Rotili
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, "Sapienza" University, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Fulci
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Egidio Iorio
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Luigi Quintieri
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Sergio Chimenti
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Bianchi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Rosato
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35128 Padova, Italy.,Istituto Oncologico Veneto IOV-IRCCS, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Caccuri
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
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12
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Minimal residual disease in melanoma: circulating melanoma cells and predictive role of MCAM/MUC18/MelCAM/CD146. Cell Death Discov 2017; 3:17005. [PMID: 28280601 PMCID: PMC5337524 DOI: 10.1038/cddiscovery.2017.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumour cells (CTCs), identified in numerous cancers including melanoma, are unquestionably considered valuable and useful as diagnostic and prognostic markers. They can be detected at all melanoma stages and may persist long after treatment. A crucial step in metastatic processes is the intravascular invasion of neoplastic cells as circulating melanoma cells (CMCs). Only a small percentage of these released cells are efficient and capable of colonizing with a strong metastatic potential. CMCs' ability to survive in circulation express a variety of genes with continuous changes of signal pathways and proteins to escape immune surveillance. This makes it difficult to detect them; therefore, specific isolation, enrichment and characterization of CMC population could be useful to monitor disease status and patient clinical outcome. Overall and disease-free survival have been correlated with the presence of CMCs. Specific melanoma antigens, in particular MCAM (MUC18/MelCAM/CD146), could be a potentially useful tool to isolate CMCs as well as be a prognostic, predictive biomarker. These are the areas reviewed in the article.
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13
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Ruma IMW, Putranto EW, Kondo E, Murata H, Watanabe M, Huang P, Kinoshita R, Futami J, Inoue Y, Yamauchi A, Sumardika IW, Youyi C, Yamamoto KI, Nasu Y, Nishibori M, Hibino T, Sakaguchi M. MCAM, as a novel receptor for S100A8/A9, mediates progression of malignant melanoma through prominent activation of NF-κB and ROS formation upon ligand binding. Clin Exp Metastasis 2016; 33:609-27. [PMID: 27151304 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-016-9801-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The dynamic interaction between tumor cells and their microenvironment induces a proinflammatory milieu that drives cancer development and progression. The S100A8/A9 complex has been implicated in chronic inflammation, tumor development, and progression. The cancer microenvironment contributes to the up-regulation of this protein complex in many invasive tumors, which is associated with the formation of pre-metastatic niches and poor prognosis. Changing adhesive preference of cancer cells is at the core of the metastatic process that governs the reciprocal interactions of cancer cells with the extracellular matrices and neighboring stromal cells. Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) have been confirmed to have high-level expression in various highly invasive tumors. The expression and function of CAMs are profoundly influenced by the extracellular milieu. S100A8/A9 mediates its effects by binding to cell surface receptors, such as heparan sulfate, TLR4 and RAGE on immune and tumor cells. RAGE has recently been identified as an adhesion molecule and has considerably high identity and similarity to ALCAM and MCAM, which are frequently over-expressed on metastatic malignant melanoma cells. In this study, we demonstrated that ALCAM and MCAM also function as S100A8/A9 receptors as does RAGE and induce malignant melanoma progression by NF-κB activation and ROS formation. Notably, MCAM not only activated NF-κB more prominently than ALCAM and RAGE did but also mediated intracellular signaling for the formation of lung metastasis. MCAM is known to be involved in malignant melanoma development and progression through several mechanisms. Therefore, MCAM is a potential effective target in malignant melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Made Winarsa Ruma
- Department of Cell Biology, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.,Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, 80232, Indonesia
| | - Endy Widya Putranto
- Department of Cell Biology, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.,Faculty of Medicine, Gajah Mada University, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia
| | - Eisaku Kondo
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medicine and Dental Sciences, 757, Ichiban-cho, Asahimachidori, Chuo-ku, Niigata-shi, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Murata
- Department of Cell Biology, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Masami Watanabe
- Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Peng Huang
- Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Rie Kinoshita
- Department of Cell Biology, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Junichiro Futami
- Department of Medical and Bioengineering Science, Okayama University Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, 3-1-1, Tsushima-Naka, Kita-ku, Okayama, 700-8530, Japan
| | - Yusuke Inoue
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Division of Molecular Science, Gunma University, 1-5-1 Tenjin-cho, Kiryu-shi, Maebashi, 376-8515, Gunma, Japan
| | - Akira Yamauchi
- Department of Biochemistry, Kawasaki Medical School, 577 Matsushima, Kurashiki-shi, Okayama, 701-0192, Japan
| | - I Wayan Sumardika
- Department of Cell Biology, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.,Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University, Denpasar, 80232, Indonesia
| | - Chen Youyi
- Department of Cell Biology, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Yamamoto
- Department of Cell Biology, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Yasutomo Nasu
- Center for Innovative Clinical Medicine, Okayama University Hospital, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Masahiro Nishibori
- Department of Pharmacology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Hibino
- Department of Dermatology, Tokyo Medical University, 6-7-1 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-0023, Japan
| | - Masakiyo Sakaguchi
- Department of Cell Biology, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Kita-ku, Okayama-shi, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan.
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14
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Zhu G, Zhang X, Wang Y, Xiong H, Zhao Y, Wang J, Sun F. Prognostic value of melanoma cell adhesion molecule expression in cancers: a meta-analysis. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8:12056-12063. [PMID: 26550117 PMCID: PMC4612802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma cell adhesion molecule (MACM) has been reported in many studies as a novel bio-marker for its prognosis value in cancers. But the prognosis significance of MACM expression in cancer remains inconclusive. Therefore, we conducted a system review and meta-analysis to assess its prognosis value in cancers. A systematic search through Pubmed, EMBASE and Cochran Library database was conducted. Hazard Ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to evaluate the prognosis value of MACM expression. Eleven studies with 2657 cases were included after sorting out 462 articles for this meta-analysis. The results of the fixed-model depending on the heterogeneity in studies demonstrated that MACM expression was significantly associated with overall survival (OS) in cancer (HR=2.84, 95% CI: 1.10-7.31, P<0.00001). Furthermore, subgroup analysis indicated that high expressed MACM predicted a poor OS in both Asian (HR=2.52, 95% CI: 1.80-3.52, P<0.00001) and Caucasian (HR=2.40, 95% CI: 2.01-2.88, P<0.00001). In conclusion, high expression of MACM was significantly associated with a poor prognostic outcome in cancer. MACM can be regarded as a novel bio-marker in different types of cancers and can be used to evaluate the prognosis of therapeutic effect during clinical practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqing Zhu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji UniversityShanghai 200072, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji UniversityShanghai 200072, China
| | - Yulan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji UniversityShanghai 200072, China
| | - Huizi Xiong
- Department of Dermatology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji UniversityShanghai 200072, China
| | - Yinghui Zhao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji UniversityShanghai 200072, China
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji UniversityShanghai 200072, China
| | - Fenyong Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji UniversityShanghai 200072, China
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