1
|
Klang V, Schweiger EM, Strohmaier S, Walter VI, Dekic Z, Tahir A. Dermal Delivery of Korean Red Ginseng Extract: Impact on Storage Stability of Different Carrier Systems and Evaluation of Rg1 and Rb1 Skin Permeation Ex Vivo. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:pharmaceutics15010056. [PMID: 36678685 PMCID: PMC9864683 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The root extract of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (Korean red ginseng/KRG extract) is a traditional Asian remedy introduced to dermal products for its antioxidative potential. However, little is known about technological aspects or skin penetration of main ginsenosides. Thus, stable oil-in-water nanoemulsions (NEs) and hydrogels for dermal delivery of KRG extract were developed and characterised using light scattering methods, analysis of flow properties and pH measurements. In addition, Rg1 and Rb1 contents were monitored by UHPLC/MS. Different surfactants (phosphatidylcholine, monoacylphosphatidylcholine and polysorbate 80) and polymers (polyacrylic acid and hydroxyethylcellulose) were tested and compared for their compatibility with KRG extract. The results showed that incorporation of KRG extract led to a significantly reduced formulation pH in hydroxyethylcellulose gels (-22%), NEs (-15%) and carbomer gels (-4-5%). The dynamic viscosity was in the range of 24-28 Pas at 10 s-1 for carbomer gels. The highest storage stability and skin permeation were observed for a hydroalcoholic gel with carbomer 50,000 and TRIS buffer (each of 1% w/w), containing ethanol (20% w/w) and KRG extract (2% w/w). Ex vivo diffusion cell studies confirmed skin permeation of the moderately lipophilic Rg1, but not the more hydrophilic Rb1 with a larger molecular weight.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Klang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +43-1427755403
| | - Eva-Maria Schweiger
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Simone Strohmaier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Ina Walter
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Zorana Dekic
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ammar Tahir
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmacognosy, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Costa EF, Magalhães WV, Di Stasi LC. Recent Advances in Herbal-Derived Products with Skin Anti-Aging Properties and Cosmetic Applications. Molecules 2022; 27:7518. [PMID: 36364354 PMCID: PMC9658815 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Although aesthetic benefits are a desirable effect of the treatment of skin aging, it is also important in controlling several skin diseases, mainly in aged people. The development of new dermocosmetics has rapidly increased due to consumers' demand for non-invasive products with lower adverse effects than those currently available on the market. Natural compounds of plant origin and herbal-derived formulations have been popularized due to their various safe active products, which act through different mechanisms of action on several signaling pathways for skin aging. Based on this, the aim of the review was to identify the recent advances in herbal-derived product research, including herbal formulations and isolated compounds with skin anti-aging properties. The studies evaluated the biological effects of herbal-derived products in in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies, highlighting the effects that were reported in clinical trials with available pharmacodynamics data that support their protective effects to treat, prevent, or control human skin aging. Thus, it was possible to identify that gallic and ferulic acids and herbal formulations containing Thymus vulgaris, Panax ginseng, Triticum aestivum, or Andrographis paniculata are the most promising natural products for the development of new dermocosmetics with skin anti-aging properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erika F. Costa
- Laboratory of Phytomedicines, Pharmacology, and Biotechnology (PhytoPharmaTech), Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil
| | - Wagner V. Magalhães
- Research and Development Department, Chemyunion Ltd., Sorocaba 18087-101, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz C. Di Stasi
- Laboratory of Phytomedicines, Pharmacology, and Biotechnology (PhytoPharmaTech), Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu 18618-689, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Examination of Combined Treatment of Ginsenoside Rg3 and 5-Fluorouracil in Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:2813142. [PMID: 35799655 PMCID: PMC9256322 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2813142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is a commonly used strategy for advanced lung cancer patients. However, its clinical application is restrained due to its toxicity and drug resistance. Ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3) has a strong anticancer influence on colon cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, and other malignant tumors. However, it is still unclear whether Rg3 can cooperate with 5-FU to inhibit the tumor growth and angiogenesis of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). This study examined the combined treatment of Rg3 and 5-FU in LUAD. It was revealed that the combined treatment could notably enhance the suppression on proliferative, invasive, and migratory abilities and angiogenesis in LUAD cells A549 and SPC-A-1. On the other hand, we also discovered that Rg3 or 5-FU could suppress the activity of the NF-κB signaling pathway and downregulate VEGFA expression in LUAD cells. Collectively, this study suggested that Rg3 combined chemotherapy may perform a more powerful drug efficiency in LUAD cells.
Collapse
|
4
|
Jiang F, Zhou C, Li Y, Deng H, Gong T, Chen J, Chen T, Yang J, Zhu P. Metabolic engineering of yeasts for green and sustainable production of bioactive ginsenosides F2 and 3β,20S-Di-O-Glc-DM. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:3167-3176. [PMID: 35865098 PMCID: PMC9293705 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Both natural ginsenoside F2 and unnatural ginsenoside 3β,20S-Di-O-Glc-DM were reported to exhibit anti-tumor activity. Traditional approaches for producing them rely on direct extraction from Panax ginseng, enzymatic catalysis or chemical synthesis, all of which result in low yield and high cost. Metabolic engineering of microbes has been recognized as a green and sustainable biotechnology to produce natural and unnatural products. Hence we engineered the complete biosynthetic pathways of F2 and 3β,20S-Di-O-Glc-DM in Saccharomyces cerevisiae via the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The titers of F2 and 3β,20S-Di-O-Glc-DM were increased from 1.2 to 21.0 mg/L and from 82.0 to 346.1 mg/L at shake flask level, respectively, by multistep metabolic engineering strategies. Additionally, pharmacological evaluation showed that both F2 and 3β,20S-Di-O-Glc-DM exhibited anti-pancreatic cancer activity and the activity of 3β,20S-Di-O-Glc-DM was even better. Furthermore, the titer of 3β,20S-Di-O-Glc-DM reached 2.6 g/L by fed-batch fermentation in a 3 L bioreactor. To our knowledge, this is the first report on demonstrating the anti-pancreatic cancer activity of F2 and 3β,20S-Di-O-Glc-DM, and achieving their de novo biosynthesis by the engineered yeasts. Our work presents an alternative approach to produce F2 and 3β,20S-Di-O-Glc-DM from renewable biomass, which lays a foundation for drug research and development.
Collapse
|
5
|
Jin L, Liu J, Wang S, Zhao L, Li J. Evaluation of 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 loaded hydrogel for the treatment of perianal ulcer in a rat model. J Ginseng Res 2022; 46:771-779. [PMID: 36312740 PMCID: PMC9597444 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As a kind of common complication of the surgery of perianal diseases, perianal ulcer is known as a nuisance. This study aims to develop a kind of 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 (Rg3)-loaded hydrogel to treat perianal ulcers in a rat model. Methods The copolymers PLGA1600-PEG1000-PLGA1600 were synthesized by ring-opening polymerization process and Rg3-loaded hydrogel was then developed. The perianal ulcer rat model was established to analyze the treatment efficacy of Rg3-loaded hydrogel for ulceration healing for 15 days. The animals were divided into control group, hydrogel group, free Rg3 group, Rg3-loaded hydrogel group, and Lidocaine Gel® group. The residual wound area rate was calculated and the blood concentrations of interleukin-1 (IL-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were recorded. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, Masson's Trichrome (MT) staining, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), Ki-67, CD31, ERK1/2, and NF-κB immunohistochemical staining were performed. Results The biodegradable and biocompatible hydrogel carries a homogenous interactive porous structure with 10 μm pore size and five weeks in vivo degradation time. The loaded Rg3 can be released sustainably. The in vitro cytotoxicity study showed that the hydrogel had no effect on survival rate of murine skin fibroblasts L929. The Rg3-loaded hydrogel can facilitate perianal ulcer healing by inhibiting local and systematic inflammatory responses, swelling the proliferation of nuclear cells, collagen deposition, and vascularization, and activating ERK signal pathway. Conclusion The Rg3-loaded hydrogel shows the best treatment efficacy of perianal ulcer and may be a candidate for perianal ulcer treatment.
Collapse
|
6
|
Proshkina E, Plyusnin S, Babak T, Lashmanova E, Maganova F, Koval L, Platonova E, Shaposhnikov M, Moskalev A. Terpenoids as Potential Geroprotectors. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9060529. [PMID: 32560451 PMCID: PMC7346221 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Terpenes and terpenoids are the largest groups of plant secondary metabolites. However, unlike polyphenols, they are rarely associated with geroprotective properties. Here we evaluated the conformity of the biological effects of terpenoids with the criteria of geroprotectors, including primary criteria (lifespan-extending effects in model organisms, improvement of aging biomarkers, low toxicity, minimal adverse effects, improvement of the quality of life) and secondary criteria (evolutionarily conserved mechanisms of action, reproducibility of the effects on different models, prevention of age-associated diseases, increasing of stress-resistance). The number of substances that demonstrate the greatest compliance with both primary and secondary criteria of geroprotectors were found among different classes of terpenoids. Thus, terpenoids are an underestimated source of potential geroprotectors that can effectively influence the mechanisms of aging and age-related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Proshkina
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (S.P.); (T.B.); (E.L.); (L.K.); (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Sergey Plyusnin
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (S.P.); (T.B.); (E.L.); (L.K.); (E.P.); (M.S.)
- Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, 55 Oktyabrsky Prosp., 167001 Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Tatyana Babak
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (S.P.); (T.B.); (E.L.); (L.K.); (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Ekaterina Lashmanova
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (S.P.); (T.B.); (E.L.); (L.K.); (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | | | - Liubov Koval
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (S.P.); (T.B.); (E.L.); (L.K.); (E.P.); (M.S.)
- Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, 55 Oktyabrsky Prosp., 167001 Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Elena Platonova
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (S.P.); (T.B.); (E.L.); (L.K.); (E.P.); (M.S.)
- Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, 55 Oktyabrsky Prosp., 167001 Syktyvkar, Russia
| | - Mikhail Shaposhnikov
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (S.P.); (T.B.); (E.L.); (L.K.); (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Alexey Moskalev
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (S.P.); (T.B.); (E.L.); (L.K.); (E.P.); (M.S.)
- Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, 55 Oktyabrsky Prosp., 167001 Syktyvkar, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-8212-312-894
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang Y, Wu F, Jia A, He T, Qu M, Xiao C, Cole J, Wang W, Qiu Z. Adsorption and desorption characteristics of ginsenosides from
Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer
on middle‐pressure chromatogram isolated gels. J Sep Sci 2020; 43:2436-2446. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201901050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan‐Fei Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical sciencesChangchun University of Chinese Medicine Changchun Jilin 130117 P. R. China
| | - Fa‐Jie Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical sciencesChangchun University of Chinese Medicine Changchun Jilin 130117 P. R. China
| | - Ai‐Ling Jia
- School of Pharmaceutical sciencesChangchun University of Chinese Medicine Changchun Jilin 130117 P. R. China
| | - Tian‐Zhu He
- School of Basic Medical sciencesChangchun University of Chinese Medicine Changchun Jilin 130117 P. R. China
| | - Mo Qu
- School of Pharmaceutical sciencesChangchun University of Chinese Medicine Changchun Jilin 130117 P. R. China
| | - Chun‐Ping Xiao
- School of Pharmaceutical sciencesChangchun University of Chinese Medicine Changchun Jilin 130117 P. R. China
| | - Janét Cole
- Department of PharmaceuticsCenter for Pharmaceutical Engineering and Sciences, School of PharmacyVirginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia 23298 USA
| | - Wei‐Nan Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical sciencesChangchun University of Chinese Medicine Changchun Jilin 130117 P. R. China
| | - Zhi‐Dong Qiu
- School of Pharmaceutical sciencesChangchun University of Chinese Medicine Changchun Jilin 130117 P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kim JE, Jang SG, Lee CH, Lee JY, Park H, Kim JH, Lee S, Kim SH, Park EY, Lee KW, Shin HS. Beneficial effects on skin health using polysaccharides from red ginseng by-product. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12961. [PMID: 31368552 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Red Ginseng is well-known functional food in Asia which is produced by steaming and drying fresh ginseng (Panax ginseng). In the production of red ginseng extract, around 65% of the original material is left over as by-product and discarded. Most studies on ginseng are focused on ginsenosides. Many functional substances other than ginsenoside are found in red ginseng, but they have not been studied and are usually discarded. Acidic polysaccharides, which are functional polysaccharides found in the by-product of red ginseng, can be utilized as excellent high-value-added material. In this study, we developed red ginseng by-product polysaccharides (RGBPs) by applying an enzyme-linked high-pressure process (ELHPP). We have demonstrated the antioxidant, anti-aging, and anti-atopic dermatitis efficacy of ELHPP-RGBPs in this study. In acute oral toxicity and skin irritation tests, ELHPP-RGBPs were found to be very low in toxicity. ELHPP-RGBPs inhibited solar ultraviolet-induced matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) protein through activator protein-1 (AP-1), a major transcription factor for MMP-1. ELHPP-RGBP attenuated DFE-induced AD-like symptoms as assessed by skin lesion analyses, dermatitis score, and skin thickness. Taken together, these results suggest that ELHPP-RGBP may have potential as a nutraceutical ingredient for skin health. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: This paper presents a new method of using ginseng by-product that has not been used and discarded. The use of polysaccharides in ginseng by-product has been shown to prevent skin wrinkles and atopic dermatitis. This is an economical new functional food material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Eun Kim
- Research Institute of Biotechnology and Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Seul-Gi Jang
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology and Food and Bio Safety Research Center, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hyung Lee
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yun Lee
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Haenim Park
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Hun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sungshin University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sihyoung Lee
- Research Institute of Biotechnology and Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Han Kim
- Nutrex Technology Co., Ltd, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Young Park
- Nutrex Technology Co., Ltd, Bundang-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Won Lee
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Seung Shin
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology and Food and Bio Safety Research Center, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang-si, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kim MK, Lee SK, Park JH, Lee JH, Yun BH, Park JH, Seo SK, Cho S, Choi YS. Ginsenoside Rg3 Decreases Fibrotic and Invasive Nature of Endometriosis by Modulating miRNA-27b: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17670. [PMID: 29247225 PMCID: PMC5732249 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-17956-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This research aimed to evaluate the potential therapeutic effects of Rg3 on endometriosis and identify target miRNAs. We designed an in vitro study using human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs) obtained from patients with endometriosis and an in vivo study using mouse models. HESCs were treated with Rg3-enhanced red ginseng extract (Rg3E); real-time PCR and microarray profiling, transfection, and western blot were performed. Mouse endometriosis models were developed and supplemented with Rg3E for 8 weeks. Gross lesion size and fibrotic character were analyzed in the mouse models. RNA levels of Ki-67, col-1, CTGF, fibronectin, TGF-β1, MMP2 and MMP9 significantly decreased in HESCs after Rg3E treatment. Microarray analysis revealed downregulation of miR-27b-3p, which is related to fibrosis modulation. Expression of miR-27b-3p was significantly higher in HESCs from patients with endometriosis than that of controls, and Rg3E treatment significantly decreased its expression; the contraction and migration assay revealed significant reductions in both fibrosis and migration potential in Rg3E-treated HESCs from endometriosis patients. A decrease in size and fibrotic character of endometrial lesions from the Rg3E groups was observed in vivo. In conclusion, Rg3 effectively altered fibrotic properties of HESCs from patients with endometriosis, which is likely associated with miR-27b-3p modulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Min Kyoung Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fertility Center of CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University, Seoul, 06125, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Kyun Lee
- Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Hyun Park
- Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Bo Hyon Yun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Park
- Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Kyo Seo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - SiHyun Cho
- Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young Sik Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Women's Life Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Ginsenoside Rg3 sensitizes hypoxic lung cancer cells to cisplatin via blocking of NF-κB mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition and stemness. Cancer Lett 2017; 415:73-85. [PMID: 29199005 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin is a first line chemotherapy in lung cancer, but decreased susceptibility may limit its application. In solid tumors, hypoxia alters the microenvironment and is associated with proliferation, metastasis, and drug sensitivity. The hypoxia-induced desensitization of cisplatin is not clearly elucidated. 20 (R)-Ginsenoside (Rg3), the traditional Chinese medicine, is extracted from ginseng and has antitumor activities. In this study, we evaluated if Rg3 is effective in improving cisplatin sensitivity by blocking hypoxia. We found that the inhibition of proliferation potential by cisplatin was reduced in cobalt chloride (CoCl2)-induced hypoxia in lung cancer cells. Hypoxia caused alterations in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which were detected by cellular morphology and EMT protein markers, and in stemness analyzed by spheroid formation and marker molecules. Hypoxia also activated EMT, which was mediated by the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway, and stemness, and Rg3 inhibited the activation of the NF-κB pathway. Furthermore, Rg3 could increase the sensitivity to cisplatin by inhibiting EMT and stemness in hypoxic lung cancer cells, and this effect was confirmed in vivo. In conclusion, Rg3 may improve the sensitivity of cisplatin in lung cancer therapy.
Collapse
|
11
|
Dong WW, Han XZ, Zhao J, Zhong FL, Ma R, Wu S, Li D, Quan LH, Jiang J. Metabolite profiling of ginsenosides in rat plasma, urine and feces by LC-MS/MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study after oral administration of Panax ginseng
extract. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 32. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules (Yanbian University), Ministry of Education; Yanji City Jilin China
| | - Xiong-Zhe Han
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules (Yanbian University), Ministry of Education; Yanji City Jilin China
| | - Jinhua Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules (Yanbian University), Ministry of Education; Yanji City Jilin China
| | - Fei-Liang Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules (Yanbian University), Ministry of Education; Yanji City Jilin China
| | - Rui Ma
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules (Yanbian University), Ministry of Education; Yanji City Jilin China
| | - Songquan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules (Yanbian University), Ministry of Education; Yanji City Jilin China
| | - Donghao Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules (Yanbian University), Ministry of Education; Yanji City Jilin China
| | - Lin-Hu Quan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules (Yanbian University), Ministry of Education; Yanji City Jilin China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules (Yanbian University), Ministry of Education; Yanji City Jilin China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jiang R, Xu XH, Wang K, Yang XZ, Bi YF, Yan Y, Liu JZ, Chen XN, Wang ZZ, Guo XL, Zhao DQ, Sun LW. Ethyl acetate extract from Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer and its main constituents inhibit α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-induced melanogenesis by suppressing oxidative stress in B16 mouse melanoma cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 208:149-156. [PMID: 28689798 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Hyperpigmentation disease involves darkening of the skin color due to melanin overproduction. Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine and has a long history of use as a skin lightener to inhibit melanin formation in China, Korea and some other Asian countries. However, the constituents and the molecular mechanisms by which they affect melanogenesis are not fully clear. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study was to identify the active ingredient in Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer extract that inhibits mushroom tyrosinase activity and to investigate the antioxidative capacity and molecular mechanisms of the effective extract on melanogenesis in B16 mouse melanoma cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Aqueous extracts of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer were successively fractionated with an equal volume of chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butyl alcohol to determine the effects by examining the activity of mushroom tyrosinase. The effective fraction was analyzed using HPLC and LC-MS. The antioxidative capacity and the inhibitory effects on melanin content, cell intracellular tyrosinase activity, and melanogenesis protein levels were determined in α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-treated B16 mouse melanoma cells. RESULTS The ethyl acetate extract from Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (PG-2) had the highest inhibiting effect on mushroom tyrosinase, mainly contained phenolic acids, including protocatechuic acid, vanillic acid, p-coumaric acid, salicylic acid, and caffeic acid, and exhibited apparent antioxidant activity in vitro. PG-2 and its main constituents significantly decreased melanin content, suppressed cellular tyrosinase activity, and reduced expression of tyrosinase protein to inhibit B16 cells melanogenesis induced by α-MSH, and no cytotoxic effects were observed. They also inhibited cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and glutathione (GSH) level in α-MSH-treated B16 cells effectively. And those activities of its main constituents could reach more than 80% of PG-2. The ROS scavengers N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) had a similar inhibitory effect on melanogenesis. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that ethyl acetate extract from Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer has the highest effect on inhibiting melanogenesis, and that its main components are polyphenolic compounds, which may inhibit melanogenesis by suppressing oxidative stress. This work provides new insight into the active constituents and molecular mechanisms underlying skin-lightening effect of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Jiang
- Jilin Technology Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Biotechnology, College of Biology and Chemistry, Beihua University, Jilin City, Jilin Province 132013, China
| | - Xiao-Hao Xu
- Jilin Technology Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Biotechnology, College of Biology and Chemistry, Beihua University, Jilin City, Jilin Province 132013, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Jilin Technology Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Biotechnology, College of Biology and Chemistry, Beihua University, Jilin City, Jilin Province 132013, China
| | - Xin-Zhao Yang
- Jilin Technology Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Biotechnology, College of Biology and Chemistry, Beihua University, Jilin City, Jilin Province 132013, China
| | - Ying-Fei Bi
- Jilin Technology Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Biotechnology, College of Biology and Chemistry, Beihua University, Jilin City, Jilin Province 132013, China
| | - Yao Yan
- Jilin Technology Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Biotechnology, College of Biology and Chemistry, Beihua University, Jilin City, Jilin Province 132013, China
| | - Jian-Zeng Liu
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province 130000, China
| | - Xue-Nan Chen
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province 130000, China
| | - Zhen-Zhong Wang
- Kanion Group CO. LTD., Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province 222000, China
| | - Xiao-Li Guo
- Kanion Group CO. LTD., Lianyungang, Jiangsu Province 222000, China
| | - Da-Qing Zhao
- Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin Province 130000, China
| | - Li-Wei Sun
- Jilin Technology Innovation Center for Chinese Medicine Biotechnology, College of Biology and Chemistry, Beihua University, Jilin City, Jilin Province 132013, China.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wu XD, Guo T, Liu L, Wang C, Zhang K, Liu HQ, Wang F, Bai WD, Zhang MY. MiR-23a targets RUNX2 and suppresses ginsenoside Rg1-induced angiogenesis in endothelial cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:58072-58085. [PMID: 28938538 PMCID: PMC5601634 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Rg1 is a predominant protopanaxatriol-type of ginsenoside found in Panax ginseng, and it has been shown to have anti-cancer effects in multiple types of cancer cells. However, Rg1 also induces the expression of proangiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A), in endothelial cells. Unfortunately, angiogenesis positively correlates with cancer development. In this study, we identified RUNX2 as a regulator of ginsenoside Rg1-induced angiogenesis for the first time. We found that RUNX2 was directly targeted and regulated by miR-23a. Additionally, miR-23a was shown to inhibit angiogenesis in both human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and in zebrafish. Furthermore, a decrease in RUNX2 expression resulted in translational repression of VEGF-A in HUVECs. Taken together, this study identified a MiR-23a/RUNX2/VEGF-A pathway in angiogenesis and shed light on the molecular mechanism of Rg1-induced angiogenesis. Thus, RUNX2 might be a potential therapeutic target in Rg1-mediated angiogenesis in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Dong Wu
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Ting Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Stomatology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Department of Stomatology, PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.,College of Life Science and Bioengineering, School of Science, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Han-Qiang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Wen-Dong Bai
- Clinical Laboratory Medicine Center, Xinjiang Command General Hospital of PLA, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Meng-Yao Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology, National Translational Science Center for Molecular Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China.,Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, Beijing 100071, China.,Department of Clinical Immunology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Han S, Lim TG, Kim JE, Yang H, Oh DK, Yoon Park JH, Kim HJ, Rhee YK, Lee KW. The Ginsenoside Derivative 20(S)-Protopanaxadiol Inhibits Solar Ultraviolet Light-Induced Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 Expression. J Cell Biochem 2017; 118:3756-3764. [PMID: 28379603 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.26023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Ginsenosides are major pharmacologically active compounds present in ginseng (Panax ginseng). Among the ginsenosides, 20-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-20(S)-protopanaxadiol (GPPD) and ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1) have previously been reported to exhibit anti-wrinkle effects. In this study, 20(S)-protopanaxadiol (20(S)-PPD), an aglycone derivative of the Rb1 metabolite was investigated for its anti-wrinkle benefit and compared to GPPD and Rb1. The anti-wrinkle effect of 20(S)-PPD during solar UV light was investigated using a human skin equivalent model and human keratinocytes. 20(S)-PPD attenuated solar UV-induced matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 expression to a greater extent than GPPD and Rb1. 20(S)-PPD treatment modulated MMP-1 mRNA expression and the transcriptional activity of activator protein (AP)-1, a major transcription factor of MMP-1. Two upstream signaling pathways for AP-1, the MEK1/2-ERK1/2-p90RSK and MEK3/6-p38 pathways, were also suppressed. Taken together, these findings highlight the potential of 20(S)-PPD for further development as a preventative agent for sunlight-induced skin wrinkle. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 3756-3764, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seungmin Han
- Major in Biomodulation, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Gyu Lim
- Traditional Food Research Center, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, 13539, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Eun Kim
- Research Institute of Biotechnology and Medical Converged Science, Dongguk University, Goyang 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Yang
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok-Kun Oh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Han Yoon Park
- Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jung Kim
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Kyoung Rhee
- Traditional Food Research Center, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, 13539, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Won Lee
- Major in Biomodulation, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea.,Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon, 16229, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Dong WW, Xuan FL, Zhong FL, Jiang J, Wu S, Li D, Quan LH. Comparative Analysis of the Rats' Gut Microbiota Composition in Animals with Different Ginsenosides Metabolizing Activity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:327-337. [PMID: 28025886 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Following oral intake of Panax ginseng, major ginsenosides are metabolized to deglycosylated ginsenosides by gut microbiota before absorption into the blood. As the composition of gut microbiota varies between individuals, metabolic activities are significantly different. We selected 6 rats with low efficiency metabolism (LEM) and 6 rats with high efficiency metabolism (HEM) from 60 rats following oral administration of Panax ginseng extract, and analyzed their gut microbiota composition using Illumina HiSeq sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. The components of gut microbiota between the LEM and HEM groups were significantly different. Between the 2 groups, S24-7, Alcaligenaceae, and Erysipelotrichaceae occupied most OTUs of the HEM group, which was notably higher than the LEM group. Furthermore, we isolated Bifidobacterium animalis GM1 that could convert the ginsenoside Rb1 to Rd. The result implies that these specific intestinal bacteria may dominate the metabolism of Panax ginseng.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resource of the Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecular ( Yanbian University ), Ministry of Education, Park Road 977, Yanji City, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Fang-Ling Xuan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resource of the Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecular ( Yanbian University ), Ministry of Education, Park Road 977, Yanji City, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Fei-Liang Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resource of the Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecular ( Yanbian University ), Ministry of Education, Park Road 977, Yanji City, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Jun Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resource of the Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecular ( Yanbian University ), Ministry of Education, Park Road 977, Yanji City, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Songquan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resource of the Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecular ( Yanbian University ), Ministry of Education, Park Road 977, Yanji City, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Donghao Li
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resource of the Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecular ( Yanbian University ), Ministry of Education, Park Road 977, Yanji City, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Lin-Hu Quan
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resource of the Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecular ( Yanbian University ), Ministry of Education, Park Road 977, Yanji City, Jilin Province 133002, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhang Y, Shi C, Liu C, Yu M, Qi Y, Li S. Saponins from Panax bipinnatifidus Seem.: New strategy of extraction, isolation, and evaluation of tyrosinase inhibitory activity based on mathematical calculations. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2016; 1039:79-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/30/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
|
17
|
Hossen MJ, Hong YD, Baek KS, Yoo S, Hong YH, Kim JH, Lee JO, Kim D, Park J, Cho JY. In vitro antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of the compound K-rich fraction BIOGF1K, prepared from Panax ginseng. J Ginseng Res 2016; 41:43-51. [PMID: 28123321 PMCID: PMC5223069 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background BIOGF1K, a compound K-rich fraction prepared from the root of Panax ginseng, is widely used for cosmetic purposes in Korea. We investigated the functional mechanisms of the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities of BIOGF1K by discovering target enzymes through various molecular studies. Methods We explored the inhibitory mechanisms of BIOGF1K using lipopolysaccharide-mediated inflammatory responses, reporter gene assays involving overexpression of toll-like receptor adaptor molecules, and immunoblotting analysis. We used the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay to measure the antioxidative activity. We cotransfected adaptor molecules, including the myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) and Toll/interleukin-receptor domain containing adaptor molecule-inducing interferon-β (TRIF), to measure the activation of nuclear factor (NF)-κB and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3). Results BIOGF1K suppressed lipopolysaccharide-triggered NO release in macrophages as well as DPPH-induced electron-donating activity. It also blocked lipopolysaccharide-induced mRNA levels of interferon-β and inducible nitric oxide synthase. Moreover, BIOGF1K diminished the translocation and activation of IRF3 and NF-κB (p50 and p65). This extract inhibited the upregulation of NF-κB-linked luciferase activity provoked by phorbal-12-myristate-13 acetate as well as MyD88, TRIF, and inhibitor of κB (IκBα) kinase (IKKβ), and IRF3-mediated luciferase activity induced by TRIF and TANK-binding kinase 1 (TBK1). Finally, BIOGF1K downregulated the NF-κB pathway by blocking IKKβ and the IRF3 pathway by inhibiting TBK1, according to reporter gene assays, immunoblotting analysis, and an AKT/IKKβ/TBK1 overexpression strategy. Conclusion Overall, our data suggest that the suppression of IKKβ and TBK1, which mediate transcriptional regulation of NF-κB and IRF3, respectively, may contribute to the broad-spectrum inhibitory activity of BIOGF1K.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Jahangir Hossen
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea; Department of Animal Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh
| | - Yong Deog Hong
- Heritage Material Research Team, Amorepacific R&D Unit, Yongin, Korea
| | - Kwang-Soo Baek
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sulgi Yoo
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Yo Han Hong
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Ji Hye Kim
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jeong-Oog Lee
- Bio-inspired Aerospace Information Laboratory, Department of Aerospace Information Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Donghyun Kim
- Heritage Material Research Team, Amorepacific R&D Unit, Yongin, Korea
| | - Junseong Park
- Heritage Material Research Team, Amorepacific R&D Unit, Yongin, Korea
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|